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was a large and bona fide adventurer in Cornish mines, "the first to go in and the last to come out;" and he was also purser of several. The deceased was Vice-consul to every European government; but it was as Lloyd's agent, which he had been for thirty-six years, that he was best known in his native county. In this capacity he was always prompt, brave, and courageous; and he had, during a long life, been instrumental in saving very many lives and a great amount of property both in shipping and cargo. He was strongly attached to the town in which he lived, and sought by every means to promote the advancement of its trade and commerce, and was ever ready to help every one as he had opportunity. The urbanity of his manners and his cheerful spirits and convivial disposition gained him general respect, and his loss will long be felt.

THOMAS JEFFERSON HOGG, Esq. [WE have been requested by a relative of the deceased to publish the following, as a more full account than that given in GENT. MAG., October, 1862, p. 506.]

Aug. 27. At his residence, 33, Cliftonroad, St. John's-wood, aged 70, Thomas Jefferson Hogg, Esq.

The deceased was born May 24, 1792, at Norton, in the county of Durham, and was the eldest of the seven children of the late John Hogg, Esq., D.L. and barrister-at-law, formerly of Lincoln's Inu, by Prudentia his wife, eldest daughter of the Rev. Watkin Jones, M.A., and niece of Dr. John Ewer, formerly Bishop of Bangor. He received the principal part of his education at the Royal Grammar-school of Durham, under the late Rev. Dr. Britton, who was proud of his pupil's talents and industry, and particularly of his knowledge of Greek. At that time Dr. Britton was famed for the many able scholars he had sent to both Universities. Mr. Hogg, in January, 1810, went to University College, Oxford, where his acquaintance with Percy Bysshe Shelley (who was of the same

year as himself) quickly ripened into an ardent friendship, that only termi nated with the unfortunate death of the poet. His recent life of his fellowcollegian has only, as yet, in part appeared. Mr. Hogg entered early at the Middle Temple, and was called to the Bar in Michaelmas Term, 1817. He for many years regularly attended the Durham and Northumberland sessions and assizes, and obtained some practice. He was painstaking and clear-headed as a counsel, and well acquainted with English and Roman laws; but being somewhat reserved in manner, he wanted the quickness and ready eloquence which are so essential to the highest success at the Bar. In 1833 he was appointed one of the Municipal Corporation Commissioners for England and Wales; and, afterwards, he was for more than twenty years re-appointed Revising-barrister for Northumberland, Berwick, and the northern boroughs.

In a thorough acquaintance with Greek his favourite language — few English scholars could surpass him; although he never had a taste for, or was skilled in Porson's and Dawes's Canons, or in the rules of German criticism. In the modern languages, German, French, Italian, and Spanish, he was well read: and during the last few years a great part of his leisure was spent in study ing some of the best authors of Germany.

Naturally endowed with much "Attic salt," and considerable genius, he was clever and entertaining in his conversation, which was the more instructive owing to a very accurate memory.

At one period of his life he was a great pedestrian, and rejoiced in fine scenery and in the beauties of a garden. He was also a fair botanist, and was fond of reading the works of Linnæus (on the anniversary of whose birth he himself was born), whose style of writing he much admired, and used to say that the concise, simple, yet clear sentences of that illustrious Swede were admirable examples of scientific language. His Flora Laponnica he often re-perused with increased interest. But

of all the branches of English literature, those which he read with the greatest pleasure were voyages and travels. Imbued by nature with a great love for travelling, he published in 1827 one of his own continental tours, in two small volumes. These amusing volumes were entitled "Two Hundred and Nine Days; or, The Journal of a Traveller on the Continent;" and were dedicated to his friend, and then fellow-barrister, Henry Brougham.

He was likewise the author of several essays in the "Edinburgh Review," and in other standard periodicals; and two able articles in the last two editions of the Edinburgh Encyclopædia Britan nica, viz. "Alphabet" and 'Antiqui. ties," were from his pen.

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He long accustomed himself to write a beautiful shorthand; and in composing most of his essays he used that tachygraphic process in his first or rough sketch, and afterwards fairly transcribed his matter into good ordinary handwriting.

It is, however, to be regretted that a man of such classical erudition had never given to the world any editions of the Greek classics. The writer of this memoir used often to urge him to edit some of the works of Plato, and of the Greek naturalist, Aristotle, and especially to bring out a corrected and handsome octavo edition of his "Natural History of Animals," but he always felt disinclined for such learned, though troublesome, tasks.

Many persons naturally supposed, from his bearing the names of "Thomas Jefferson," that he was a relative of the former American President; but of these two names, the first he received from his paternal grandfather, and the second from his paternal grandmother, who was the heiress and last surviving member of the Jeffersons of South Durham; indeed, a "Thomas Jefferson" of that family was a substantial landowner at Elton, near Stockton-on-Tees, in the year 1573.

Having suffered acutely from an hereditary, and as he used to term it, an

"aristocratic disease," gout, his strong constitution at length gave way to the call of nature, and his spirit returned to its Creator, whilst he, no longer suffering pain, was calmn in sleep.

His remains were interred, Sept. 2, in Kensal Green Cemetery.

MR. REGINALD ORTON.

Sept. 1. At his residence, Ford North Farm, Bishopwearmouth, Sunderland, aged 52, Reginald Orton, Esq., an eminent surgeon.

Mr. Orton was the only son of James Orton, Esq. (and grandson of the Rev. Mr. Orton, Rector of Hawkswell, near Bedale, Yorkshire) surgeon in the East India Company's service, and many years at the head of the medical board under that Company in India, who died with his regiment at Blackburn, Lancashire, in February, 1857.

In 1833 Mr. Reginald Orton received the diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons, and in 1834 that of licentiate of Apothecaries, and in 1835 he took up his residence in Sunderland, as partner with the late Mr. Fothergill, surgeon; succeeding to the practice of the latter gentleman on his death in that or the following year. Mr. Orton held the offices of surgeon to the Sunderland Eye Infirmary and consulting surgeon to Seaham Infirmary.

Mr. Orton took especial interest in all measures calculated to elevate the social and moral condition of the working classes, the improvement of the dwellings of the poor, the diminution of gambling-houses and drunkenness, and the suppression of houses of ill-fame: and towards the accomplishment of these philanthropic objects, the Doctor, about fifteen or sixteen years ago, put himself in communication with Sir George Grey, Bart., Lord Morpeth, and other members of the Government. At the same time he advocated the immediate abo lition of the excise duty on glass, and the repeal of the window duty-taxes that had long pressed heavily upon the poor, by curtailing the amount of light

and the free admission of air into their dwellings. As a substitute for the loss of revenue caused by the repeal of the window duty, Mr. Orton recommended, if light was still to be taxed, the duty to be regulated not by the number of windows in any one dwelling, but by the size of the panes or squares of glass used, and the imposition of a moderate house duty, commencing at a certain rental; by the adoption of these measures the homes of the poor would be free, and the tax payable only by those who could afford to live in large houses and enjoy the luxury of plate-glass windows. It is scarcely necessary to add that the Doctor's suggestions have been carried out, and are now incorporated with the law of the land.

Mr. Orton took an active part in the establishment of the Sunderland gas and water works, baths and washhouses, and other measures of local sanitary reform. He was many years a valued member of the Sunderland Subscription Library, and for some time one of the committee of that institution, the duties of which office he discharged most efficiently. He was also one of the early and warmest supporters of the Literary and Philosophical Society, and continued his connection with it down to the time it became insolvent and its effects were transferred to the Free Library. The gratuitous lectures which for some years were delivered to the public, under the title of "Winter Evenings' Recreations," owed in part their origin to him, -his service as a lecturer and chairman being often called into requisition.

Mr. Orton was an eminent and much esteemed member of his profession. His contributions to medical literature were "A Lecture on the Philosophy of Breeding," and a paper in the "Lancet" on "The Effects of Arsenic in the Animal System, and the Utility of the Hydrooxide of Iron as an Antidote." He invented a new "æther-inhaling apparatus." This was before the discovery of chloroform, or at any rate before that anæsthetic agent had come into general

use.

The deceased also made some very GENT, MAG, VOL. CCXIII.

curious experiments in electricity. Simultaneously, almost, with a Mr. Cross of Norwich, he caused a jar to be partially filled with hot lime, a substance in which it was thought no living animal could exist. Having extracted the atmospheric air from the vessel, he passed a current of electricity through its contents by means of a series of properly fixed wires attached to a powerful battery. The electric current was kept uninterruptedly going for a period of about six months, at the end of which time on examining the jar a living animal was seen moving about among the lime, apparently the creation of electricity!

Mr. Orton was a man of varied acquirements, literary, scientific, medical, chemical, agricultural, and mechanical. Having seen much of ocean life in his youth, and subsequently dwelling in the midst of a sea-faring population, he took a lively interest in maritime affairs, and turned his attention to the means and appliances for saving life in cases of shipwreck or casualties at sea, the result being his invention of an entirely new description of life-boat, the advantages of which over the ordinary boat being:-1. So light that eight or ten men may launch it. 2. So low, that the wind and sea have little power in impeding its progress. 3. Open, so that it allows the sea to pass through it, and consequently never carries any weight of water. 4. Almost incapable of upsetting. 5. If upset, must right again, unless materially damaged. 6. If damaged, and bottom upwards, still a safe boat, since the men within have a free supply of air, while those outside can get upon and cling to the bottom till relieved.

Mr. Orton made other efforts in the cause of suffering humanity by the invention of a new description of self-acting reel life-buoys, the advantages of which over any apparatus in use being:-1. The means they afford of opening a speedy communication between the shore and a stranded vessel. 2. The means they afford of picking up a man at sea 41

without lowering a boat. 3. The means they afford of forming a cradle to convey a number of men ashore at once. 4. Their capability of performing every duty of which the buoys now in use are capable, and much which they cannot perform. 5. Their slight cost, great durability, and easy reparation, if damaged.

For the last seven years Mr. Orton devoted much of his attention to scientific farming, a pursuit into which he entered with great spirit.

Mr. Orton was born on the island of Mar, near Bombay, on the 27th of January, 1810. He married first, October 4, 1836, Agnes Caroline, second daughter of Orton Bradley, Esq., of Eden-place, Westmoreland, by whom (who died January 31, 1810) he has Caroline Anne, born Sept. 5, 1837, married to Mr. Modlin, surgeon, of Witton-le-Wear; and Reginald, born March 22, 1839. Mr. Orton married, secondly, March 25, 1841, Mary Isabella, eldest daughter of Turner Thompson, Esq., of Sunderland, shipowner, by whom he has four children, viz., James Inman, born Dec. 8, 1811; Emma Catharine, born Nov. 18, 1850; Ada, born Nov. 21, 1852; and William Loch, born July 18, 1858. His death was the result of softening of the brain and disease of the heart, along with a complication of other disorders, induced probably by too great physical and mental exertion, from the combined effects of which he suffered severely, yet with exemplary Christian fortitude and resignation.

BROOKE EVANS, ESQ.

Sept. 15. At Birmingham, aged 65, Brooke Evans, Esq., an enterprising manufacturer and a borough magistrate.

The deceased was born in Birmingham in 1797, and received his primary education at the school of Mr. Hill (the father of the present Recorder), which at that time was conducted at Singer's Hill, prior to its removal to Edgbaston. His education completed, he embarked at an early age for the United States, in which

country he spent several years engaged in trading pursuits, and more particularly in connection with the manufacture of fire-arms. He returned to England in 1826, and shortly afterwards proceeded to Guatemala as a merchant. His stay, however, in so unhealthy a climate was not of long duration, as at the expiration of a twelvemonth he came back to his native country, and settled at Stratfordon-Avon, where he carried on business for some years. The turning-point in his commercial career had now arrived. In 1835 he entered into partnership with his intimate friend, Mr. Charles Askin, of Birmingham, and in conjunction with him founded an important trade in the manufacture of nickel and cobalt, which resulted in establishing for the firm of Evans and Askin an European reputation-nickel being the basis of German silver, of which metal numerous articles of the day are made. An important and increasing manufacturing trade speedily grew up. The electroplating process was subsequently introduced, and soon created a further demand for the raw material, giving a stimulus to the operations so successfully commenced. And this was supplemented through the fortunate discovery, by Mr. Askin, of a means of separating cobalt from nickel, on a large scale and in an economical manner, so as to render the oxide, hitherto deemed a waste product, a valuable preparation for use in pottery and glass-making. The scientific knowledge of Mr. Askin was ably seconded by his partner. Mr. Evans searched Europe for the minerals upon which the skill of the chemist was to be exercised. In Saxony, Hungary, and Norway especially, he succeeded in discovering important deposits of nickel ores, and founded extensive works in connection with the mines. Some of these undertakings were carried on under circumstances of great difficulty, and their favourable results are to be attributed to the resolution and spirit in which they were not only conceived, but carried out. Prosperity attended these operations, and in a few years the energetic proprietors reaped

the fruits of their labours, and became wealthy men.

On the death of Mr. Askin, in 1847, the management of the business devolved upon Mr. Evans, in which he continued up to the time of his death. But Mr. Evans's enterprise was not limited to the mineral requirements of his own immediate trade. During his explorations in Norway he discovered also valuable deposits of apatite, or mineral phosphate of lime, the importations of which have materially tended to enrich the impoverished lands of this country. His attention was likewise directed to other interesting enquiries in connection with commercial pursuits, and it may be said without exaggeration that the whole tenor of his life was marked by an earnestness of mind and purpose, which he brought to bear on every thing in which he engaged, and which, combined as it invariably was with a calm self-reliance and prudent judgment, entitles him to rank as a remarkable man and one of superior intellect.

The deceased was much esteemed in private life. As a companion he excelled, for he was well informed and deeply read, and could converse on most scientific subjects in an able manner. His personal experience too, in his frequent travelling expeditions on the Continent, lent a peculiar charm to his conversation, which was varied and agreeable. His hospitality was unpresuming but unbounded, and, although unknown to the general public, his charity was large and invariably well bestowed.Aris's Birmingham Gazette..

CLERGY DECEASED.

Aug. 31. At Barbados, of yellow fever, aged 39, the Rev. James Luffingham Gilborne, Chaplain to H.M.'s Forces. He entered the service in Sept., 1854, and served with the 3rd division before Sebastopol from Oct., 1854, including the battle of Inkermann, until Jan., 1856, when he was invalided home by reason of a broken leg.

Sept. 4. At Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas, the Rt. Rev. Charles Caulfeild, D.D., first Bishop of Nassau. See OBITUARY.

Sept. 17. The Rev. Edward Brown (mentioned at p. 504) was the eldest son of the late GENT. MAG. VOL, CCXIII.

Edward Brown, esq., of Horbling, by Sarah, daughter of Samuel Barker, esq., of Lyndonhall, and great-grandson of Samuel Barker, esq., who was son-in-law of the Rev. William Whiston, the celebrated divine and mathematician. He was born in 1787, and succeeded his father in 1841. Mr. Brown, who was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford (B.A. 1809, M.A. 1812), was presented by his college to the Rectory of Sheering, Essex, which he resigned in 1843. He was the patron of Lyndon Rectory, and it was only on the 10th September that the Rev. William Hirst Simpson, M.A., was instituted to the living, which had become vacant by the death of the Rev. R. Deeker. The family of Brown has been possessed of the manor of Horbling since the reign of Edward II. The deceased purchased the estates at Lyndon and Hambleton (to which he was heir-apparent to his cousins, the two Misses Barker, daughters and coheirs of Thos. Barker, esq., his maternal uncle,) of their devisees, in 1846. His executor is his nephew, G. N. Conant, esq., of Taplow-house, Berks., a grandson of the late Sir Nathaniel Conant, chief magistrate at Bow-street. The deceased had on various occasions unostentatiously disposed of portions of his wealth with an unsparing hand. Only a few days before his death, it is said, he sent a clergyman in indigent circumstances a cheque for £1,000, and it is also said that his benevolence had extended in one instance to the munificent sum of £5,000.-Stamford Mercury.

Sept. 22. Aged 79, the Rev. Joseph Burrows, B.D., Rector of Steeple Aston, near Oxford, and formerly Fellow of Brasenose College.

Suddenly, at Woodford-cottage, Thrapstone, aged 59, the Rev. A. John Sandilands, B.D., Vicar of Denford-cum-Ringstead, Northants.

Sept. 24. At his father's residence, Cleve Dale, near Bristol, aged 31, the Rev. Archibald Pim Nevins, M.A., Fellow of Durham University.

Sept. 25. At Chesterton Rectory, aged 68, the Hon. and Rev. Lord George Gordon, Rector of Chesterton and Haddon for 43 years. The deceased was the third son of George, ninth Marquis of Huntly, and brother of the present Marquis. He was born on Jan. 27, 1794, was educated at Cambridge, and entered the Church in 1819. On July 29, 1851, he married Charlotte Anne, daughter of Thos. Wright Vaughan, esq., of Woodstone, who survives him. Lord George Gordon took little or no part in public affairs, and of late years seldom moved away from his parish, where his unobtrusive kindness and charity had secured him general respect.-Peterborough Advertiser.

Sept. 26. At the Vicarage, Tugby, Leicestershire, aged 57, the Rev. Geo. Erving Winslow, Vicar of Tugby-cum-Norton, and Rector of Alexton.

Sept. 28. At Heytesbury, Wilts., aged 77, the Rev. James Tait.

Sept. 29. At Erdington, aged 66, the Rev. John Holden Harrison, M.A., Incumbent of Water Orton.

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