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tomary payment, which may have been much older than Eadward's time, proves nothing whatever as to his personal tastes? Finally, we read in pp. 887, 883:

"The sconverted Anglobares had been accustomed to the idea that every freeman had a right to take a part in the administration of religions rives; and when converted they had a strong notion of extincting Divize bervice as pizzed them bat. They insisted, in defanse of the clergy, in bringing war doga, hawks, and pigs to church; and they also claimed to acompany the choir on their crowths and pipes, a claim which was then revolutely resisted; though it is permitted in certain villages at the present day."

Mr. Thrupp refers to "Canons under King Edgar, Thorpe, vol. ii. p. 251. Wharton's (sic) History of English Poetry, vol. ii. p. 281." We made the references, as in duty bound, being specially anxious to know about the pigs. We had heard of men taking their dogs and hawks to church with them, but there was something quite novel in the picture of an Old-English chief going to church followed by his favourite pig, of the priest resisting the entry of the unclean beast, and of the final triumphant irruption of the pig and his patron. We had heard of no one but St. Anthony who ever adopted such a companion, and with him we believe the companionship was not voluntary. Or, again, such deference to "the gentleman who pays the rent" might be thought to be Celtic rather than Teutonic. We made the reference. In Warton we find nothing about dogs or pigs or churches, but only a reference to a charter of King Coenwulf of Mercia "prohibiting all persons carrying hawks or falcons to trespass on the lands of the monks" of Abingdon. On turning to Kemble (Cod. Dipl. i. 270), we find "caballi" and "canes" forbidden equally with "accipitres vel falcones." Still here is nothing about going to church, still less about taking pigs there. We turn to King Eadgar's Canons, and there we do find, "Ne binnan cyric-túne ænig hund ne cume ne swín þe má pas pe man wealdan mæge." Here King Eadgar, with a proper regard to decency and order, forbids all pigs and dogs to enter even the churchyard. Or rather he seems to look upon such a state of things as what indeed ought to be, but still as something too good to be expected; the pigs are to be kept out, if possible, but the Basileus of Britain seems to doubt whether all the powers of Church and State will be effectual against such unruly beasts. Here then are the pigs, but there is not a word about any one persisting in bringing them to

church. If Mr. Thrupp ever kept pigs, still more if he ever lived near a neighbour who kept pigs and was not careful as to their restraint, he would quite enter into the spirit of the injunction. A pig is a beast apt to stray, apt to break fences, apt to do damage where he does stray, and unlikely to distinguish hallowed ground from profane. King Eadgar's canon against the pigs was dictated by a perfectly sound policy, and it need not at all suggest the existence of so grotesque a practice as that of men going to church and insisting on taking their pachydermatous favourites with them.

ROMAN ROAD IN YORKSHIRE.-At Norton, near Malton, where a system of town drainage has recently been commenced, in excavating for the outfall in the river, at a depth of eight feet, a hard, firm, concrete mass was discovered, which resembled the best macadamised road, but was so firmly cemented together that for a considerable time no way could be cut through it. Eventually a section was exposed, which shewed the road to be about fifteen inches in thickness, and to have been continued apparently across the bed of the river to the large camp at Malton, now by some persons regarded as the lost station Derventio. The view of the site of a ford here is strengthened by its being immediately opposite the Prætorian Gate of the Malton camp. The eight feet of cutting was composed of alluvial deposit, which, in being thrown out, yielded several coins, varying in date from the time of Constantine to the third William. This would indicate that the ford had continued in use till within a century or two ago. In addition to coins, close upon the road were found various kinds of Roman pottery, antlers of deer, an iron spear-head, with traces of a horn handle; a wooden sandal or shoe, with bronze fastenings (the wood crumbling on exposure); and a quantity of small horseshoes, differing from those of the present day in being much smaller and lighter, and being without the groove for the nail-heads. The road was exposed for some yards in a southward direction, towards a small camp which has been recently built upon. The drain, on reaching the street, was curved eastward, and all trace of the road was then lost. But a few yards of excavation due east discovered a second road, formed at right angles to the first, and made of similar materials. This road is yet being cut through; fragments of Roman pottery are constantly turned up, and the road itself is gradually nearing the surface of the modern street, being now only three feet below. The road is formed of broken stone and some description of cement laid upon boulders, and is of almost impenetrable hardness. In Black's Guide to Yorkshire (1862) a map is given of Roman Malton, shewing a road, in an easterly direction, to the Portus Salutaris and Ocelum Promontorium of Ptolemy, and it is believed this road is identical with the one now discovered, which seems likely to be traced throughout the main street of the town.

GENT, MAG, VOL. CCXIII.

3 X

SEAL OF EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE.

MORE than thirty years ago the late General Ainslie published a quarto work, termed "Illustrations of the Anglo-French Coinage," which is now out of print. On the frontispiece was an engraving of a rare seal of Edward the Black Prince, which the courtesy of Mr. Hearne, the publisher, has recently put into our hands. We conceive that we shall be gratifying our readers by transferring it to our pages, along with an extract from the General's description.

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"The legend which surrounds the compartment containing the shield of the prince, &c., is 8. DNI NRI PCIP AQTANE ADEOTRACT' ASISIAT GRADIS CASTRI. Part of this is easy of interpretation: sigillum DomiNI NOSTRI PrinCIPIS AQUITANIE;' but I am ignorant of the other contractions, except 'ASISIA GRANDIS CASTRI: the two last signify Grandcamp, a considerable district of the séneschaussé of Querci, a division of the former province of Guienne, and which composed part of the principality of Aquitaine. Respecting the first word, I find in the celebrated Histoire de Languedoc, vol. iii. col. 355 and 521, that En vertu d'un mandement du roi, le séneschal d'une province fesoit l'assiette de certaines impositions, ou plutot affermoit pour certaines sommes les domaines de la couronne en spécifiant ce que tel et tel devoit produire de revenu. Ce cadastre s'appeloit assignation ou assignat.' We are also told that Cahors, the capital of Querci, fut chargée, à cause de sa résistance au Prince Noir, de seule faire l'impôt dans tout le Querci, dont Thoma de Walkafara fut alors séneschal, aussi bien que du Rouvergue, et de Perigord. This is probably the seal of the commissioners empowered, in virtue of the ordinance of the Black Prince, to apportion the particular sums of money or produce exacted from the district of Grandcamp (GRANDIS CASTRI). De Cathala mentions that the commissioners had the title of consuls. The feathers taken from the helmet of the King of Bohemia, who, aged and quite blind, was slaughtered by the Prince, then a stripling, at the battle of Crecy, are conspicuous on the shield. Equally so are the stars, eight in number, which often appear on coins and other monuments in Gascony during the English domination: I am inclined to believe that a star was the cognizance of the duchy of Gascony, merged in the title of King of England in the reign of Edward the First. The large P, so prominent a feature on the shield, I am somewhat in doubt about; the privy seal or signet was called Sigillum Secretum, not Parvum or Privatum. However, Dom de Vaines, a learned Benedictine of the congregation of St. Maur on the Loire, in his Dictionnaire raisonné de Diplomatique, 2 tomes, Svo., Lacombe, Paris, 1774, at the article Sceaux, pages 242 et seq. tom. ii., says that Louis Hutin rendit une ordonnance 1315, pour que les baillis et séneschaux ne se servissent que de Petits sceaux aux armes du roi,' which seems to sanction my making the large P the initial

of Parvum."

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"Histoire Politique et Ecclésiastique du Querci, par de Cathala Coture, tome i. p. 290. It is easy in Walk afara to recognise Thomas de Wallingford, one of the companions of the Black Prince."

Original Documents.

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE COUNTY AND CITY OF CORK.

MR. URBAN,―The original Charters from which the following abstracts were made are now in the cartulary of Thomas Ronayne Sarsfield, Esq., D.L., of Doughcloyne, co. Cork; many of them are by far the earliest family documents I have found existing in this county, and their preservation is very remarkable, considering the vicissitudes suffered by the family in the political troubles of the country.—I am, &c.

RICHARD CAULFIELD, B.A., F.S.A.

S. p. et f. quod ego Thomas Pembroke fil' Walteri dedi, &c., Philippo filio Johannis Pembroke et hed' suis, xxiv. acras terræ arabilis, &c., in Corrogh in Moremelan, hend' prefato Pet hed', &c., reddend' annatim xxxi. denar' argent', testibus David Freysel, Johanne Briti, Milone fil' Thomæ, Ade Copiner, Johanne Simnot, et multis aliis. (No date.)

S. p. et f. quod nos Nicholaus de Burgo et Laurencius de B. dedimus, &c., Johanni O'Kallij xii. acras terræ cum dimid' omnis stangni terræ, &c., in tenemento de Scnocsyhan quæ terra jacet in long' a terra Rachyston in parte occident' usque ad terram Johannis de Burgo fil' predicti N. in parte orient' in lať a via regali in qua itur a villa de Glennowyr versus Villam Pontis in parte aust' usque ad terram predicti J. O. K. Dat' apud Glennowyr in festo Sanctæ Ciciliæ virg' et mart', Anno regni Edwardi tercii tercio. Test' Thoma fil' Remundi, Simone Zely, Johanne Marketh, et aliis.

S. p. et f. quod ego Laurencius de Burgo dedi, &c., Johanni O'Kally quinginti acras terræ et unam acram, &c., in Ratheyvard in tenemento de Scnocsyhan in perpetuum faciendo inde serv' et capit' dom' feodi. Dat' apud

Glennowyr, die lunæ prox' post fest' S. Mich', anno Regis Edwardi tercii quarto. Test' Roberto fil' Mathei de Conton milite, Gregorio fil' dni' Roberti de C., David fil' dni' Johannis de C., Michal de C., Johanne fil' Geraldi de C., et aliis.

UNIVERSIS has literas visuris, &c., Johannes fil' Nich' de Burgo Salt'. Noveritis me remisisse, &c., J. O. K. predict' et hed' suis totum jus et quod habeo in quatuor acris terræ in ten' de Coucksythan, &c. Dat' apud Glennowyr die Sabbati Anno Regis Edwardi tercii sexto.

S. p. et f. quod ego Robertus fil' Milonis dedi, &c., Augnete filie Willmi fil' Henrici pro homagio, &c., xxx. acras terræ, &c., in Knocmolechan de tenemento de Faylyaht cum communa pastura ad omnia averia sua ubicunque pascuntur prout averia mea in tempore Willi' fil' Henrici plenius habere solebant, &c., prout dictam terram de Willo fil' Henrici tenui pro omni servicio et reddita quatuor solid' annatim capit' dom' feodi. Reddend' per annum unum

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P. V. for pentane Thonan Masuot remaine, bo. Johanni 47 Phill de Mia pod vla, ko, one ju pod bases a 111 teris terre, to Kuenierman, in ten' Papiputa. Despi de proxate festam Apost www.30 Peza Lévai tema setaTI. Test Filmpoo de Milla, Johanne Lorry, Words Max, Rogers Beay, Hearico Synce, Synono Maza, Thoma Brat, & 2.3

8. p. et f. quod ego Alanna Smythe capelanns dedi, ke, Johanni fï Ade de Grais et Posize txori ea omnes terras, te, quæ libeo ex dos fecf predicti Johanna in Kymetack de capit' ins' feod, ke. Rem', 1'. Nicho de Goma 62 predeti J. et h. m. 2. Patricio de G. £ predicti N. et à m

3. Gelfrido de G. fratri dieti P. 4. Ricardo de G. fratri deti G. 5o. Rect' hed' presies J. Dat' aped Kinchanok die Jovis prox' post festum S. Diasi Auno Regia Edwardi tercii quartodecimo. Test Jobe le Rede, David Neci, Neno le Rede, David Lenfant, Jacobo le Rede, Hen' Bizet, Hugone Neel,

et a...s.

8. p. et f. quod ego Ricardus fil' Walteri Jace dedi, &c, Thome J. £lio meo dimid' carud' terræ, &c., in Balysalagh, xv. acras in le Doumyn in ten' de Baysalagh et v. acras, kc., quæ quondam Gregorii Oturk in eodem ten'. Habend", &c., predicto T. et h. m. per servicia debita, &c. Rem', 1°. David J. fil' meo et h. m. 2. Johanni J. f. m. et h. m. 3. Stephano J. f. m. et h. m. 4o. Waltero J. et h. m. 5. Ricardo fil' Johannis J. et h. m. 6. hed' meis, &c. Dat' apud Dundufoigt die Sabbati prox' post festum S. Barnabe Apost', anno Regis Edwardi tercii vicesimoprimo. Test' David fil' Will' de Waleys, Gilberto de Tyntagell, David de Midia, Thoma fil' Roberti de Tyntagell, et allis.

8. p. et f. quod ego David fil' Willi' fil' Patricii de Rupe dedi, &c., Willo' Sygyn, civi Cork, manerium meum de Rochestoun, &c. Tenend', &c., predicto W. et hed' in perpetuum de dominis capit' feodi'. Dat' apud Cork xi. die Feb', anno Regis Ricardi Secundi octavo. Test' Baldwino Hodynet, Thoma Walshe ballivis tunc civitatis C., Ricardo Lawalyn, Petro Hurderip, David Candebec, Willo' Covyntre concivibus et aliis.

P. U. per presentes me Johannem Myagh subes Cætorem domini Regis in com' Cork concessisse Johanni Walshman et Willo' fil' suo totam ripam cum pertinen' a filo aquæ currentis inter civitatem Cork ex parte boreali et viam versus fratres Augustinientes ex parte aust' in long' se extendit a terra litoris in parochia S. Johannis exparte occident' et viam in ripa fratrum exparte orient'. Hend', &c., predicto J. Dat' apud Cork, x. die martis, anno Regis Henrici quarti duodecimo.

8. p. et f. quod ego Cecilia fil' Philippi Reych dedi, &c., Johanni Pyke fil' meo omnia mes', &c., quæ habeo in civ' Cork, Ardarshe seynt John estret, Cambaghyll, Ballypyan more, Ballypyan beg, et Kylmallok juxta C. et alibi in

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