passed over, returned and reported what they had discovered to their countrymen, when everything having been found to be abundant, and in accordance with their wants and tastes, colony after colony came over, until the Tartar hordes were drained of their most adventurous, and daring, and restless associates.

And now, having made the crossing, (whether upon what was then an isthmus, or across what is now a strait, is immaterial,) they spread themselves over the country, under the impulse of their natural habits, as well as for the sake of freedom from the pressure of those in their rear, as to find retreats where the game was most plenty, and fish were most easily taken; whilst the game, doubtless, with the instinct common to all animals, retired before the advances of the invaders. It is characteristic of the Indian to go where he can get what he wants with the least trouble; but in this he only shows himself to be in close alliance with his intellectually and morally elevated pale-faced brother; for, after all, it is not more true of man that he is an imitative, than that he is an indolent animal.

the capes of Virginia, it is not unreasonable to conclude that other adventurers on the deep blue sea may have, in all times, been subject to like transitions, and by the same cause. In this way, as I have said, this continent may have had thrown upon it the progenitors of the Indian race.

PART II

CONDITION, CHARACTER AND CUSTOMS OF THE INDIAN
RACES. REMARKABLE ANCIENT WORKS OF ART. BY
WHOM BUILT.
QUERORS.

THEIR FATE, AND THAT OF THEIR CON

Aspect of the country on the advent of the Indians-The varied destiny that awaited them-Their simple habits-Their ignorance-The degraded condition of their women-Their increase and division into tribes-Present races of Indians not the first occupants of America-Discoveries of the Northmen-Remarkable remains of fortifications, mounds, &c.-Extent of these works at Camillus, Marietta, &c.-Great age of these works-Absence of tradition respecting them-Improbability that the present races constructed themTheirs was scarcely more than a physical existence-No culture-No advance for ages-Works of ancient Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, consideredFurther notice of the Northmen-These works not constructed by themThey were erected by ancient Mexicans or Peruvians-Resemblance in form and use to works of those nations-They were not the progenitors of the present Mexicans, but an extinct race-Dr. Warren's collection of skulls-Combe -Further speculations upon this theory-Warlike character of Indians——A Chippewa war-song--Cause of the division into tribes and confederaciesGreat numbers of the Indians-Devastating effects of their wars-The accompaniments of European civilization still more desolating-Obligations of Americans to arrest these destroying influences.

HAVING now (in accordance with this theory, at least,) fairly landed the Indian upon this continent, and offered a few brief reasons in support of my opinions that he is of Tartar origin, and glanced at the probable route he took in getting here; it may be well to pause awhile, and contemplate the scenes by which he found himself surrounded in this new world, and himself moving in their midst.

Upon what a theatre had the red man now entered! How full of varied interests, henceforth, was to be his

destiny! Could he have run his eye down the vista of time, and seen only a part of what his race was doomed to suffer, he would have turned from the terrible prospect, and with his bands, recrossed the strait, though tasks, and stripes, and even death, awaited him! Better, he would have reasoned, better to die at home, and among kindred and friends, and be covered with the same turf that rests upon the remains of my fathers, than to be made wretched in a distant land, and die there an outcast! How merciful is that provision of our Creator, that shuts the future from our view!

The Indian saw nothing of all that was to befall his race; and so onward he came. Above him, was the same sun that now daily shines, and had shone for ages before, and that blesses all it shines upon. And there was the same moon, upon whose silvery face he had so often vacantly gazed, in the land he had left; and there, also, were the same stars. "The Seven Stars, and Orion," were there; and there was the Galaxy, and there the Aurora Borealis-the first, as now, looked upon by him as the path of the ghosts; the last, as the graceful evolutions of dancing spirits. The lightning's flash illumined the heaven, and the thunder uttered its voice. The ocean was the same as now-lifted into billows by the storm, or sunk to rest in the calm, as if to gather strength from its repose for some fresh onset upon the boundaries that had been fixed, and beyond which, the mandate of the Eternal had gone forth, forbidding it to pass. And there were the forests, time-worn, and moss-grown-wild, tangled, interminablefurnishing shelter, by excluding the sun's rays, for winter, where he lay concealed in his magazine of snows. vernal year came then, as now, breathing its violet breath upon the desert air, where it was wasted. Wild flowers bloomed, and the valleys were everywhere clothed with "the livery nature delights to wear." Upon every hillside, animals browsed and reposed. And there were the

The