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every body knew, were not elected; leaping over the restraints of law, the obligations of duty, and the sanctity of their oaths, to reach a false result, to carry out and give effect to fraud, and to reverse the decision of the people of a free State.

And now, what are we told? That Nicholas Booraem did right in expunging the return of South Amboy, after having declared to one of the officers of election that it was correct, after entering it upon his general list and exhibiting it to the public; concealing from them all suspicion of the informality, although the inquiry was made with a view to its amendment in lawful time; and not even certifying what the return was, and wherein it was informal? Do they say that Josiah Fithian did right in suppressing the Millville return, though made to him in due and legal form, four days before he made up his general list; and in omitting, contrary to the uniform usage in such cases, established as correct, by his predecessors in office, and recognised as correct, by the Governor and Council in 1832, to certify the return with the fact of its late reception? Do they say the Governor and Council did right in refusing to send express for the omitted returns, in shutting their eyes against all collateral evidence and refusing to procure the evidence which they pretended was, alone, legal ;-in counting informal returns when in their favor, and refusing to count like informal returns when against them;-in amending and correcting returns when it suited them, and contending that they had no power to do so when it did not suit them; in giving effect to fraud-validity to falsehood-and certifying that to be a fact which was not so? No! there is scarce one still small voice, that now fortifies, defends, or palliates those acts.

But it has been discovered that the judge and inspectors of election at Millville, acting upon their construction of the Constitution of New Jersey, which declares that "all inhabitants of the State worth fifty pounds, and having resided in the county a year shall be entitled to vote," admitted several persons who were "inhabitants,' of sufficient property and residence, but not naturalized, to vote at the election; the first vote of whom, and the only one challenged, was a federalist, as were several of the others. And the whole tune of the federal leaders is changed. They abandon all their former grounds, and put themselves upon the allegation that they were defeated by illegal votes. Yet they cling to their fraudulent commissions. They hope to dodge the question as to the legality of these,slip into the House of Representatives under the wing of a federal majority, upon the prima facie evidence of the Governor's commissions, and hold on while the House takes a twelve months' hunt after illegal votes through one hundred and fifty townships in the State, assured that the hunt, if it produced nothing else, will result in a mass of testimony utterly incapable of examination, from its very voluminousness-and that the House would, probably, to get

rid of the difficulty, order a new election. And then, their pliant tools, grown bold by impunity, and flushed with the success of this first successful experiment in "treating elections as if they had not been defeated" would doubtless take care to profit by the example. It is thus that, step by step, we see developed the deep laid, settled plan of a party, always hostile to popular liberty and the right of suffrage, to circumvent, overthrow, and destroy it. If it succeeds, another revolution must follow, or liberty ultimately and hopelessly perish from the earth.

In the preceding narrative of this alarming outrage upon the most sacred institutions of our country, it will be perceived that we have permitted the facts to speak for themselves, and where the circumstances would justify, and seem to call for the utmost severity of language, we have preferred to let them make their own impression, assisted only by the convincing eloquence of truth and fact. In this course we have relied upon what never deceives in public matters, the sagacity and good sense of the people, to make the proper conclusions as to the ultimate tendencies of such despe

rate excesses.

Already does the federal party which sought to benefit itself by this iniquitous proceeding appear to shrink from the heavy responsibility of enjoying a triumph so procured. The candidates thus fraudulently elected, have sought to better their position by publicly addressing their injured competitors a proposition to submit the matter to another election, as the gambler vociferates for a new deal, that he may have another fair chance for the stake which he had thought to have won by slight of hand. The Democratic members we need scarcely add, had too strong a sense of the principles involved in their case to give a moment's countenance to the offer.

The whole case has now gone before the people in their last capacity, to be decided, not by the vote of faction, or the party interests of the hour, but by that truth and justice in which the foundations of our whole constitutional fabric have been laid. It is, therefore, of vital importance that right impressions should prevail respecting it in all its bearings, that a healthy public opinion may be created, in the full cognizance of which every representative must give his vote upon this momentous question. For if the people, through their representatives, can for a moment sanction a party ascendency obtained by a deliberate violation of the solemn right of suffrage, in which, not merely our parties, but all our cherished institutions, live, move, and have their being, then indeed may we begin to despair of the republic-then indeed may we fear that the great experiment of human liberty and happiness as dependent on a self-governing people, on which, hang the hopes of the world, will be in danger of failure, and our liberty itself be jeoparded in a strife, in which the successful fraud of one party may be at once resisted, and redressed by the successful strength of another.

NOTES OF THE MONTH.

609

MONTGOMERY'S GUATEMALA.

MR. MONTGOMERY, who was charged with some diplomatic commission to the Government of Guatemala, has published the incidents of his tour in a small volume. The work is not so copious in local information as Dunn's Sketches of the same region, published in 1828, but, nevertheless, will be found interesting as containing recent descriptions of a country in many respects worthy our closest attention. We shall merely extract a few passages that struck us in glancing over it.

The following description of the romantic river Izabal gives a good idea of the wild beauty and grandeur of its solitary scenery. Mr. Montgomery passed up it in a small English steamer, which would seem to have effectually banished the hordes of murderous pirates that used to infest it a few years ago, as our author writes as if unaware of their existence:

"About midnight the moon rose, and the effect of her pale silvery light on the trees and the water was beautiful beyond description. I could now see objects more distinctly, and felt satisfied that if there is any thing picturesque, beautiful, and sublime in nature, it must be the entrance to this river. The banks rise to a height of from two or three hundred feet, and are clothed with a rich and impenetrable foliage, the branches of the trees spreading several yards over the water. In some places this foliage suddenly disappears, and a vast naked rock, smooth and flat, and perfectly perpendicular, rises like a stupendous wall, at the foot of which the depth of water admits of a vessel, brushing the very face of the precipice without danger. Here and there may be seen a rill of water, as clear as crystal, coursing from top to bottom of this natural wall, or gushing out from a fissure in its side. At other places, a group of rocks assumes the appearance of an old castle or ruinous fortification. The stream varies in width from a hundred and fifty to three hundred feet, and is in many places thirty fathoms deep. It is dotted at intervals with little islands covered with reeds; and the sharp turnings it makes, give continual interest and variety to the scenery.

"As we proceeded, the noise of the water thrown up by the paddles startled the tenants of this beautiful wilderness; and every now and then we heard a plunge, like that of an alligator, or an otter, seeking the deepest recesses of the river, or the scream of an aquatic bird flying across the stream; the only sounds that disturb the silence of this solitary scene." Carrera, the insurgent chief, whose armed followers every where caused the greatest insecurity and alarm during Mr. Montgomery's visit, is described with some detail. He is a half Indian, and was a soldier in the Federal army, where he never attained a higher rank than corporal:

men.

"On the disbanding the troops he was discharged; and being left to his own resources, he was fain to procure a precarious subsistence by dealing in hogs, which he bought in the country and sold in the market of Guatemala. When the sanitary regulations were adopted, he was appointed to the charge of one of the stations, with the command of about a dozen With these few men, whom he seduced, and persuaded to follow him in his hazardous enterprise, he appeared in open rebellion, proclaiming a new order of things, and calling upon the inhabitants of the Indian villages he marched through to join his standard. This little force increased almost immediately to sixty men, and continuing to augment, enabled Carrera to attack and destroy, on several occasions, the scattered troops of the Government, whose arms and accoutrements he distributed among his followers. The views which Carrera professed to entertain could not be more flattering to the prejudices, nor better calculated to dazzle the minds, of the infatuated Indians. These views he declared to be the reinstatement of the Archbishop, who had been expelled from Guatemala, the restitution of the Church property, the restoration of the Monkish orders, the revival of the old Spanish laws, the expulsion of foreigners, and the abolition of contributions."

The activity of this ignorant leader and his influence over the aboriginal tribes enabled him to achieve many successes over detached parties of the government forces; and, finally, after re fusing all offers of accommodation, he attacked and captured Guatemala, and, after committing every species of excess, was bought off by a contribution of money and arms by the inhabitants.

"But from that day the star of Carrera ceased to shine with its usual brightness. Having attacked the town of Amatitan with a body of four hundred men, he was repulsed with much loss by a company of sixty Federal soldiers. He was equally unsuccessful in another attack upon another town, called Salamá, where he lost several men, and was obliged to retreat in disorder. As the season advanced, he saw his ranks becoming daily more thin by the desertion of his followers, who left him in order to attend to the collection of their little corn crops, on which the subsistence of their families depended. In this state of things a conspiracy was formed against him by one of his associates, called Monreal. This man, and a few others who had joined in the enterprise, suddenly fell upon Carrera at a moment when he was alone, secured his person, conducted him to a solitary place, and, having tied him to a tree, were on the point of shooting him, when the timely arrival of Laureano, Carrera's brother, saved the victim from the doom that threatened him. The tables were now turned upon Monreal, who, before he could effect his escape, was seized, and shot at the foot of the same tree to which he had tied his chief.

"In the meantime, General Morazan, the President, had taken the command of the army in person, and having organized and increased it, made so skilful a disposition of his troops that whichever way the insurgents turned, they were met by an opposing force. Carrera now was fain to betake himself to the mountains, from which he descended occasionally to scour the country and procure the means of subsistence. In these excursions his force was divided into small parties of from twenty to fifty men. His practice was to abstain from touching the persons or properties of the Indians, or poorer class of the whites, and to respect the curates. But the haciendas of the rich were attacked and plundered, the wealthy in small defenceless towns were subjected to heavy contributions, foreigners falling into their hands were cut off without mercy, and the unwary traveller was stopped on the road and stripped of every thing.

"Such was still the posture of affairs at the time of my departure from the country. It is probable, however, that while this is being written, the active measures of General Morazan for putting down the insurrection have been successful, and that the career of the rebel hero has been brought to a close."

The following is a description of General Morazan, the President, with which we are constrained to conclude our notice of the work:

"He was dressed in plain clothes, and seemed to be about forty years of age, small of stature, and rather of a dark complexion. In his manner and conversation there was some appearance of constraint or reserve; yet he had a fine expression of countenance, and eyes beaming with intelligence.

"His own talents, together with a combination of fortunate circumstances, have raised General Morazan to the distinguished station he now occupies. In early life, he was a clerk in a merchant's store. Subsequently he entered the army, and soon after acquired some property by a matrimonial alliance. He was rapidly promoted, and thus placed in circumstances which enabled him to take an active part in politics. Having joined what was then called the popular party, the activity he displayed, and the influence he exercised, very soon caused him to be regarded as the leader of it. His talents, both as a soldier and a politician, soon gained for his party the ascendant; and from one success to another, he finally arrived at the presidency. On reaching this point, he divested himself of all party feelings and political predilections. He also did not hesitate to make a temporary resignation of his civil authority, in order to direct in person the operations of the army. This policy, so far from diminishing, has rather increased his power and credit; for he is now sought and courted by men of all opinions. He is regarded by them as the anchor of their hope, or as the pilot who is to guide the ship of state in safety through the storms that assail it."

A L'ABRI.

WHEN Madame de Genlis published her romance called "Les Battuecas," all Paris was on the qui vive to know what could be the origin of so singular a phrase. What is the meaning of les Baltuecas? was the exclamation of all the literary coteries, and every body fancied that of necessity there must be something original and interesting veiled under a title so utterly incomprehensible. And yet the Spanish legend of the Battuecas afforded a basis sufficiently definite and striking for all the purposes of romance, but what shall we think of small-talk about planting corn and weeding turnips, of farming and philosophy, reminiscences and gossip, appearing as a whimsical series of "Letters from under a Bridge," and afterwards collected into a book with the cabalastic title of "A l'Abri." Mr. Willis, it seems, has "pitched his tent," after many wanderings, in a beautiful glen on the Susquehannah, and has chosen to signalize the auspicious event by this emblematic title to a book, in which he employs his gay and brilliant pen, for the first time, in illustrating the congenial theme of a happy home and its pursuits. Making every due allowance for this ostentatious singularity in a title, and it is impossible not to be interested and delighted with the charming gossip of this little work, which pictures country life and occupations-bating, however, a good deal of affectation—with a pen from which freshness, poetry and grace flow with natural ease, and are employed with accomplished tact. Not since White's History of Selborne has there been published a work that describes more delightfully the bustle and the leisure, the enjoyments and pleasures of an elegant country life.

PHOTOGENIC DRAWING.

This interesting discovery is prosecuted with ardor in Europe, and already has been turned to striking account. Since publicity has been given to Mr. Talbot's process, the Literary Gazette says, that many and important improvements have been made, by Sir J. Herschell, and others, among men of science, and by artists, especially engravers; in the hands of two of these, who appear to have simultaneously made the same discovery, it has become an important art. Mr. J. F. Havell, and Mr. Willimore, both of London, have, by covering glass with etching ground and smoke, sketched designs upon it. Through the glass thus exposed by the scratches, the photogenic paper receives the light, and the design which the sun may be said to print, may be multiplied with perfect identity forever! Designs thus produced will probably become much more common, and even more generally applicable than lithography, because all the means are more readily accessible, whilst it will receive its rank as an art, and be excellent in proportion to the skill of the artist, as a draughtsman with the etching needle. The size need no longer be kept down by that of the printing press, as the size of the glass can alone limit the size of the design. This is a real and valuable discovery, applicable to a thousand purposes. Mr. Havell, and his brother, a well known painter in England, have succeeded in giving some true colors also, to their productions, by the action of light. Beautiful imitations of washed bistre drawings may be produced, by stopping out the light on the glass by black varnish, which will obstruct the transmission of light in proportion to the thickness with which the varnish is laid on; and specimens like fine mezzotinto prints have been produced by this process.

We perceive, moreover, by numerous advertisements in the London literary papers, that photogenic drawing paper, has already become an article of commerce, and is sold by the chemists and opticans, of all sizes, thus domesticating an art, beautiful as nature, and universal as sunlight.

A process similar to that of M. Daguerre, of France, and Mr. Fox Talbot, of England, has been tried successfully by a gentleman of Cincinnati. The Republican newspaper gives the following account of his mode of making pictures.

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