Sec. 45.-Where live stock belonging to another person has been taken in by the tenant to be fed at a price agreed to be paid for such feeding, such stock shall not be distrained where there is other sufficient distress to be found, and where there is no other sufficient distress, there shall not be recovered by such distress a sum exceeding the amount of the price so agreed to be paid for the feeding, or the amount thereof remaining unpaid, and it shall be lawful for the owner of such stock, at any time before it is sold, to redeem such stock by paying the same to the distrainer.

Agricultural or other machinery which is the bonâ fide property of a person other than the tenant, and is on the premises of the tenant under a bona fide agreement with him for the hire or use thereof in the conduct of his business, and live stock of all kinds which is the bona fide property of a person other than the tenant, and is on the premises of the tenant solely for breeding purposes, shall not be distrained for rent in arrears.

Sec. 46. Where any dispute arises

(a.) In respect of or arising out of any distress contrary to the provisions of this Act: such dispute may be heard and determined by the District County Court, or by a Court of Summary Jurisdiction, and any such County Court or Court of Summary Jurisdiction may make an order for restoration of any live stock or things unlawfully distrained, or may declare the price agreed to be paid in the case where the price of the feeding is required to be ascertained, or may make any other order which justice requires. An appeal is, however, allowed to the General or Quarter Sessions, in respect of any decision of a Court of Summary Jurisdiction,

Secs. 50, 51.-2 Wm. and Mary, c. 5, sec. 1, as to appraisement and sale at public auction repealed as to holdings, to which this Act relates, and in such holdings the period for replevying is extended to 15 days instead of five days, if the tenant or owner of the goods distrained make a request to that effect.

Sec. 52. Any bailiff, to make any distress on a holding to which this Act applies, must be authorised to act as a bailiff by a certificate in writing under the hand of a judge of a County Court.

Sec. 55.-Any agreement by the tenant depriving himself of right to compensation under this Act to be void.

NOTES.-We have endeavoured to give the most prominent and important portions of this Act. The provisions limiting the landlord's right of distress in certain cases, specially call for attention.

HINTS TO CANDIDATES READING STEPHEN'S COMMENTARIES.

(Continued.)

By T. F. UTTLEY, Solicitor.

Chapter XXIII.-Of Incorporeal Hereditaments. AN incorporeal hereditament may be defined as a right annexed to, or issuing out of, or exerciseable

within an hereditament corporeal. Incorporal hereditaments include: I. Commons, or right of common, which is a profit which a man hath in the land of another. It may be (1) common of pasture, which may be either (a) appendant; (b) appurtenant and arising by grant or prescription; (c) because of vicinage, hereon note, common of shack; or (d) in gross claimed by prescription. (2). (3) common of piscary, and common of turbary. This latter may arise by grant or prescription. (4) common of estovers, or liberty of taking necessary wood, claimed by grant or prescription; and (5) common in the soil or right of digging for minerals. With regard to common of pasture, note the provisions of the Inclosures' Acts (8 & 9 Vict., c. 118), and the Commons' Act, 1876, and amending Acts. II. Ways, or the right of going over another man's land. These arise (1) by grant, (2) by prescription, (3) by custom, or (4) by necessity. III. Watercourses, or the right to the benefit to the flow of water. This may arise by occupancy, grant, or prescription. IV. Lights are the right to have the access of the sun's rays to the windows free from obstruction. This may be appropriated by occupancy, or may arise by grant or prescription. V. Franchise and liberty is a royal privilege, or branch of the Crown's prerogative existing in the hands of a subject. It may arise from royal grant, or from prescription. Note that, there may be franchises of 1. Fairs, markets, and ferries. These may arise either by Act of Parliament, royal grant, or prescription. 2. Forest, chase, park, warren, and fishery. Remember that a forest and all franchises in general may be claimed by a man in proprio solo (in his own right), or in alieno solo (in another right); whereas a right of common and the other incorporeal hereditaments above described can only be claimed in alieno solo. VI. Rents, these are profits issuing periodically out of lands and tenements. Rents are of various kinds: (1) Rent service, (2) rent charge; to both these a power of distress attached. (3) Rent seck, this had no power of distress. Note that an annuity is a yearly sum chargeable only upon the person of the grantor. (4) Rents of assize are certain established rents payable by freeholders, or ancient copyholders out of a manor. Those of freeholders were called chief rents; and both sorts were called quit rents. (5) Rack rent is a rent of the full value of the tenement or near it. (6) Fee farm rent is a rent issuing out of an estate in fee of at least one-fourth of the value of the lands at the time of its reservation. By 4 Geo. II., c. 28, a power of distress has been extended to any rent seck, rent of assize, or chief rent. Rent may be created in two ways: (1) the owner of the land may grant thereout a rent; or (2) he may grant the land itself subject to a rent. Rent charge, or rent seck may be constituted in either of these ways; rent service in the latter only. Bear in mind the provisions of the Apportionment Act, 1870. Note that the difference between prescription and custom is that custom is a local usage, whereas prescription is a personal usage. Bear in mind, the chief points with respect to prescription at the common law, noting particularly, that the enjoyment on which prescription is founded, must be constant and peaceable; that usage must have been from time inimemorial; and that prescription must be both certain and reasonable. With regard to prescription by statute, bear in mind the provisions of 2 & 3 Will. IV. c. 71. Incorporeal hereditaments can be extinguished (1) by release, or (2) by unity of seisin, except in the case of

franchises, which are extinguished by (a) reunion with the Crown, or (b) by forfeiture for misuser, or (c) by forfeiture for nonuser. Lights and watercourses are extinguished by absolute abandonment.

Chapter XXIV.-Of Registration of Title to Land. Hereon note 25 & 26 Vict., c. 53, and c. 67, and the Land Transfer Act, 1875 (33 & 39 Vict., c. 87), which contains important provisions for the registration of land with absolute, possessory, or qualified title.

VOLUME II. Book II. PART II.

Chapter I-Of things Personal in general, and of Property therein.

Remember that the term "chattel" applies to any interest in land which does not amount to freehold. Chattels may be chattels real or chattels personal, Things personal comprise all sorts of things moveable, which latter consist of (i) inanimate things; (ii) vegetable productions; (iii) animals which may be (a) domitae, or tame, to steal, which is felony; or (b) ferae naturae, or wild, a property in which may be obtained (1) per industriam; (2) propter impotentiam; or (3) propter privilegium. Note that property in chattels may be, I. In possession, where the man has the enjoyment, either actual or constructive, and either (a) absolute, or (b) qualified; or II. In action, where a man has merely a right to recover property by action. Personal chattels fall within the provisions of 39 & 40 Geo. III., c. 98 (Thelluson Act). Things personal may be enjoyed by their owners in severalty, in joint tenancy, and in common, but not in coparcenary.

Chapter II.-Of Title to things Personal, and first of Title by Occupancy.

Note that a title to things personal may be acquired in six ways: 1. By occupancy; 2. By invention; 3. By gift and assignment; 4. By contract; 5. By bankruptcy; 6. By will and administration.

A title may be obtained to things in occupancy by 1. Seizure of goods of an alien enemy; 2. Pursuit and capture of animals ferae naturae, hereon note what distinctions have been laid down regulative of the pursuit of animals in the chase; 3. Accession by natural or artificial means, as by the growth of vegetables and pregnancy of animals. As a rule, in the case of accession by breeding, the brood belongs to the owner of the mother, but in the case of cygnets, they belong equally to the owners of the male and female bird; 4. Confusion of goods, which is where the goods of two persons are so intermixed that the several portions can be no longer distinguished. Note the distinction between the confusion being by consent, or being wilfully intermixed.

Chapter III.-Of Title by Invention.

Note that a patent right is a privilege granted by letters patent from the Crown to the first inventor of any new contrivance in the manufactures, that he alone shall be entitled during a limited period, to benefit by his own invention. Hereon note the provisions of the Patents Act (21 Jac. I., c. 3), which (1) permits a monopoly of patents for the term of 14

years or under; (2) provides that the patent must be a new manufacture within this realm, and be such that others, at the time of granting, shall not use; and (3) provides that the grant must be to the true and first inventor. Remember that, in the case of two simultaneous discoveries, the one who first procures a patent is entitled to enjoy it. The provisions of 15 & 16 Vict, c. 83, as amended by 16 & 17 Vict., c. 5, and c. 115, specifying the mode of proceeding to obtain a patent, should be borne in mind. Observe that a patent right is assignable, and that the assignment should be in writing under hand and seal; the patentee may also grant deeds of license. With regard to a patentee who has not yet reaped the advantage of his patent, it may be prolonged for any term not exceeding 14 years, upon petition to the Crown. If patent right be infringed, the inventor can bring an action for damages, or apply for an injunction. In case of an inventor having patented an article already discovered, he can petition the Crown for a new grant, or the confirmation of the existing one. If any error be found in the patent it, may be rectified by filing a disclaimer, or a memorandum of alteration therein.

Commit to memory the definition of copyright, which is the right of an author to print and publish his own original work exclusively of all other persons. Bear in mind the provisions of the Copyrights' Act, 1842, (5 & 6 Vict. c. 45), which provide (1) that the copyright of every book (note what this word includes) published in the lifetime of the author, shall endure for his natural life and for seven years longer, or if the seven years shall expire before the end of 42 years from the first publication, shall endure for such period of 42 years, and that when the work is posthumous, the copyright shall endure for 42 years from first publication. (2) That if the copyright is infringed, the proprietor can bring an action within 12 months (3) That books unlawfully printed and imported into the United Kingdom may be forfeited. (4) The proprietor is authorised to register his title at Stationers' Hall; and (5) the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council may license the publication of unlawfully suppressed books. Note that, the remedy in the case of infringement of copyright is by action of injunction, and that a copyright is assignable. Remember that by 5 & 6 Will. IV., c. 65, the author cannot prevent any one else from publishing his lecture, unless notice has been given to two justices of the peace. A copyright is recognised in other literary works, such as dramatic pieces, musical performances (thereon note the Musical Compositions' Act, 1882 (45 & 46 Vict. c. 40), providing that the author of such productions shall have as his own property, the sole liberty of bringing them out upon the stage; but on every copy published, the right of public representation or performance must be expressed to be reserved), engravings, prints, sculptures, models, copies and casts, designs for articles ornamental or useful, and paintings, drawings and photographs. The subjects of international copyright is important; the various statutes on the subject enable Her Majesty, by Order in Council, to extend the full protection of the law of copyright in this country, to books, prints, articles of sculpture, paintings, drawings, photographs, and other works of art, dramatic and musical composi tions, and translations of books first published in a foreign country.

Chapter IV-Of Title by gift and

assignment.

Remember that infants, insane persons, and persons under duress, have no power of disposal over their property, and neither formerly had married women, but this has now been altered by the Married Women's Property Act, 1882. Note that the pay or half pay of a military or naval officer, or the salary of any public officer of trust, is not assignable, but that since the Judicature Act, 1873, a chose in action is. A property is acquired in things personal by voluntary transfer inter vivos in two ways. First by gratuitous donation or gift; hereon note, 13 Eliz., c. 5; and 3 Hen. VII., c. 4. Note that, as against the donor himself, a gift, to be valid and binding, must either be accompanied (a) by the solemnity of a deed; or (b) by that of delivery of possession. A donatio mortis causa is a gift of personal property in prospect of death. This gift (1) is of no avail against creditors in case of a deficiency of assets; (2) does not require assent of executor; is capable of revocation; (4) may be made by a husband to his wife; and to render it effectual, (5) it must be accompanied by delivery of chattel or instrument; and (6) possession must be permanently retained by donee. Secondly, by an assignment, this may be by parol, i.e., by mere writing or simply by word of mouth. If made in writing, it may be in the form of a note or memorandum, or by regular deed of assignment, which latter is denominated a bill of sale. Note that, in the case of goods sent from abroad, by ship, to a person resident in this country, the transfer is effected by an instrument, not under seal, termed a bill of lading, which is a receipt from the captain to the shipper or consignor undertaking to deliver the goods (on payment of freight) to some person whose name is therein expressed, or indorsed thereon by the consignor. Bear in mind the provisions of the Bills of Sale Act, 1878 (41 & 42 Vict., c. 31), as amended by the Bills of Sale Act, 18-2 (45 & 46 Vict., c. 43), which provide for the registration of a bill of sale, within seven days from its date, and re- registration once in every period of five years, otherwise the bill of sale is to be void.

Chapter V-Of Title by Contract.

man

Remember that a premise is where one voluntarily engages himself to another for the performance or or non-performance of some particular thing. A contract or agreement is where two or more persons enter into an engagement with each other by a promise on either side, such promise may be (a) by parol, or (b) by specialty. A simple contract may be either written or verbal. Hereon note 29 Car. II., c. 3, (the Statute of Frauds) sec. 4, which makes writing requisite for agreements, (1) by executors or administrators to answer damages out of their own estate; (2) to answer for debt, default, or miscarriage of another; (3) upon consideration of marriage; and (4) not to be performed within a year. Note also, Lord Tenterden's Act (9 Geo. IV. c. 14), providing that acknowledgments of debts to save the Statute of Limitations, should be in writing. Contracts may be (1) express; (2) implied; (3) executed, which conveys a chose in possession; and (4) executory, which conveys only a chose in action. Note how Blackstone divides considerations, thus:-(1) Do ut des, I give that you may give; (2) Facio ut facias, I do that you may do; (3) Facio ut des, I per

form that you may give; (4) Do ut facias, I give that you may perform. Considerations may be either (a) executed, or (b) executory, or (c) concurrent, or (d) continuing. Remember that the following are under some incapacity as regards contracts:-infants, insane persons, persons under duress, persons under coverture, but now note the Married Women's Property Act, 1882.

Note that an agent may be constituted either (a) by express appointment, or (b) by implication of law; and his appointment is determined by either death or revocation. Look up sections 46 and 47 of the Conveyancing Act, 1881, and sections 8 and 9 of the Conveyancing Act, 1882. An agency may be either general or special.

(I.) Contract for sale. This is a contract for the transmutation of property from one man to another for a price. Bear in mind s. 17 of the Statute of Frauds, which makes writing requisite for contracts for sale of goods for £10 and upwards, unless part acceptance, and receipt, or earnest; and also sec. 7 of 9 Geo. IV., c. 14, extending the Statute of Frauds to goods in esse. Remember that, stoppage in transitu is the right which an unpaid vendor of goods has on hearing that the vendee is insolvent, to stop and reclaim the goods while in their transit, and not yet delivered to the vendee; note what is the effect of vendee indorsing the bill of lading to a third person for valuable consideration. A sale in market overt (i.e. open) is good between all parties, and binding on all those who have any right in the thing sold, but the rule does not apply, if the goods sold are Crown property; or if the goods sold have been stolen, and the owner has prosecuted the thief to conviction. With regard to warranty of title, which is either express, or implied; remember that the maxim is caveat emptor. Note the distinction between factors and brokers, both are agents remunerated by commission, but the former are entrusted with the possession of, and sell the goods, in their own name, whereas the latter merely act as agents, and do not have custody of the goods. A del credere agent is one who sells goods on commission, and being responsible for the payments, requires a higher rate of remuneration. The provisions of the Factors' Acts, 1823 to 1877 should be looked up.

(II.) Contract of bailment. Bailment is a delivery of goods for some purpose, upon a contract express or implied, that after the purpose has been fulfilled, they shall be re-delivered to the bailor, or otherwise dealt with according to his directions, or kept till he re-claims them. Remember the different kinds of bailments, which are (1) depositum; (2) mandatum ; (3) commodatum; (4) pignori acceptum ; (5) locatum. Note that negligence may be (i) ordinary negligence; (ii) gross negligence; or (iii) slight negligence. A lien, which is the right of a bailee to retain the possession of a chattel entrusted to him, until his claim upon it is satisfied, may be either general or particular. Note that an innkeeper's liability is limited by 26 & 27 Vict., c. 41, to £30, except in certain cases, and by 41 & 42 Vict., c. 38 (the Innkeeper's Act, 1878), an innkeeper is entitled to sell goods left in his care, after giving six weeks' notice. A common carrier is one who professes to carry from one place to another such goods as shall be delivered to him for carriage by any person; he may be (1) a carrier by land, hereon note 11 Geo. IV., and 1 Will. IV., c. 63; or (2) a carrier by sea, hereon note the Merchant Shipping

Act, 1854 (17 & 18 Vict., c. 104), and 25 & 26 Vict., c. 63.

(III.) Contract for the loan of money. Note how this differs from a contract of bailment. Interest is an increase by way of compensation for the sum advanced, but if taken to an improper amount it is called usury. Remember that bottomry is the mortgage or pledging of the keel or bottom of a ship for the repayment of money lent. Respondentia is when the loan is upon the security of the cargo only. Purchasing annuities for lives at a certain price or premium arose from the inability of the borrower to give lender a permanent security, and he therefore stipulated to repay annually, during his life, some of the money borrowed, together with interest, and an additional compensation for the risk run of losing the principal by borrower's death. Note ss. 12 & 14 of 18 & 19 Vict., c. 15.

(IV.) Contract of partnership, which is where two or more persons agree to carry on any business or adventure together, upon the terms of mutual participation in its receipts and losses. If an association exceeds 20 persons in number, and has gain for its object, it must be formed into a company. A partnership may be dissolved (1) by mutual consent; (2) by effluxion of time; (3) by decree in chancery; and (4) by death or bankruptcy of partners. A partnership may be (a) actual; (b) nominal; or (c) dormant. Note the provisions of 28 & 29 Vict., c. 86, providing that the receipt of interest, remuneration, or annuity, varying with profits, is not to constitute lender, servant or agent, widow, or child, of deceased partner, or assignor of goodwill, a partner. But note that in the event of bankruptcy, or insolvency of trader, the lender of money and the vendor of goodwill, under its provisions, can only recover the principal, or profits, or interest, after other creditors are satisfied. Proceedings for the adjustment of accounts and disputes between partners are taken in the Chancery Division, unless the assets do not exceed a certain amount, when the county courts have a concurrent jurisdiction.

(To be continued.)

Examinations.

The last Solicitors' Preliminary Examination for this year will take place on the 24th and 25th October.

The last Intermediate Examination will take place on the 8th November, and the last Final Examination on the 6th and 7th November.

The work for the Intermediate Examination for the year is still only Stephen's Commentaries, omitting Books IV. and VI. Questions on the Conveyancing Acts, 1881 and 1882; The Married Woman's Property Act, 1882, and the Settled Land Act, 1882, will not be asked at the Intermediate until next year.

The Final Examination for Honours is held at the Hall of the Incorporated Law Society in the same week as the ordinary examinations, and, as a general rule, on the Friday of those weeks respectively, the subjects being the same as those specified for the ordinary examinations. The marks at the Honours' Examination only will be considered. Notice of the desire of a candidate to compete for Honours (which is now without restriction as to age) must be given when he

gives notice for the ordinary examination, and an additional fee of £1 has now to be paid on giving notice.

The remaining Bar Examination for this year will take place in the Hall of Lincoln's Inn, and will commence on Tuesday, the 16th October, and will be continued on the Wednesday, Thursday and Friday following.

For full particulars as to these Examinations, and also as to the Examinations for next year see our number for last September.

Correspondence, Queries, &c.

[These columns being open for free discussion on all points in any way relating to Law Students, the Editor does not hold himself responsible for any opinions or statements expressed. Correspondents must in all cases give their real name and address, though not for publication unless desired. We reserve to ourselves the right of refusing any letters, and where there are several answers to the like effect to the same query we endeavour to select the plainest and best for insertion. Correspondents are specially asked to aim at brevity, and when we receive more correspondence than we can possibly insert we give preference, in the absence of some special reasons, to letters received earliest. Letters on different subjects must be on separate sheets of paper.]

ESTATE BY IMPLICATION.

To the Editor of the "Law Students' Journal." SIR,- In answer to "Subscriber," I would submit that the trustees of A's will take an estate in fee simple, and the more so that B being heir-at-law, being made a separate party, conveyed his legal estate to D. 1 Vict., c. 26, secs. 30 and 31, enacts to the effect that "where any real estate shall be devised to a trustee without any express limitation of estate to be taken by such trustee, such devise shall be construed to vest in such trustee the fee simple." And by 23 & 24 Vict., c. 145, Part I., sec. 3 (Lord Cranworth's Act), it is provided inter alia that "for the purpose of completing any sale, the persons empowered to sell shall have full power to convey in such a way as may be necessary."-Yours &c., IN OMNIBUS FIDELIS.

[We have also received an answer from W. B. R.-ED. L. S. J.]

EJECTMENT.

To the Editor of the "Law Students' Journal." SIR,-In reply to "C. H. P.," an assignee takes the thing assigned, subject to all the equity to which the lessee was subject, therefore, the assignee of B is bound to perform all the covenants annexed to the estate, and, by accepting possession, makes himself subject to all covenants which run with the land, and, as the covenant to pay rent is one of them, I think that, as B is ejected, the assignee stands in his place, and so A would be then able to recover from him rent due before ejectment, under the covenant in the lease. (See notes on Spencer v. Clark, in Shirley's Leading Cases, 2nd edition; and Woodfall's Landlord and Tenant, 8th edition, pp. 199 and 353.)—Yours, &c., C. H. F.

DEVOLUTION OF TRUST ESTATES.

To the Editor of the "Law Students' Journal." SIR, I do not quite understond the effect of section 30 of the Conveyancing Act, 1881, on Lord Braybroke v. Inskip (Leading Cases Conveyancing, 986):-(1) Does the section apply to constructive equitable trusts? Suppose A devises his realty in general terms to B, then contracts to sell Blackacre to C, but dies before conveyance. Who should convey legal estate in Blackacre to C? Bor A's executors ? I presume B is not entitled to purchase-money. (2) Suppose an estate is devised to "A his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns," upon trust. Cannot A devise this trust estate by his will, as it is not vested in him "solely," 'as required by the above section ?—Yours, &c., H. F. W. C.

INTERMEDIATE EXAMINATION.

To the Editor of the "Law Students' Journal." SIR,-Referring to your notice in last month's journal of the new edition of Serjeant Stephen's Commentaries, I happen just to have purchased the 8th edition, and I intend to sit for my Intermediate next year. Can you recommend to me any work suitable for a student which would enable me to get up the statutes passed since the 8th edition came out?-Yours, &c., JNO. DARBY. [Read the epitomes of the Conveyancing Acts, 1881 and 1882, The Married Woman's Property Act, 1882, and The Settled Land Act, 1882, which have appeared in this journal.-[ED. L. S. J.]

ARTICLES ENTERED INTO BY AN INFANT.

To the Editor of the "Law Students' Journal." SIR,-Having observed in Chitty's Contracts, as well as elsewhere, that under the Infants' Relief Act, 1874, the contracts of infants are voidable, the thought has struck me that articles entered into by a minor cannot be binding on him, for surely a trustee cannot agree for him, after he has attained his majority. Please say, in the correspondence column of your "Law Students' Journal," whether such articles are voidable on the clerk's attaining his majority, and if so, whether an action cannot be brought against either the principal, or the trustee, who paid him to recover the money. If such can be done, please say within how short a time it must be commenced, after the clerk has attained his majority. Hoping you will not deem it an improper question, as I simply ask for legal information.-Yours, &c., JUSTINIAN.

[This is a contract for necessaries, and binding on the infant.-ED. L. S. J.]

28 & 29 VICT., C. 60.

To the Editor of the "Law Students' Journal." SIR,-What is the meaning of the word "shall" in the statute 28 & 29 Vict., c. 60, i.e., Is it imperative and therefore ousts the County Court jurisdiction or does it leave the County Court a concurrent jurisdiction? If the latter, in the event of the plaintiff winning how will it (the section) affect the question of costs, seeing had plaintiff availed himself thereof, costs would have been less ?-Yours, &c., O. Z.

PARTIAL FAILURE OF DEVISE.

To the Editor of the "Law Students' Journal." SIR, I shall be glad of the opinion of your readers on the following point. A by will devises £5000 to trustees, in trust to pay income to C, during joint lives of B and C, and on the death of either of them, to the survivor for life; and to divide the principal among the issue of B and C ; but the will contains no gift over, and no bequest of residue. B dies, leaving C surviving, and without issue of marriage. Who becomes entitled to the fund, and what is the nature of their interest during C's life ?—Yours, &c., ENQUIRER.

To the Editor of the "Law Students' Journal," SIR, I shall be obliged if any of your numerous correspondents can give me an authority on the following point : -A dies leaving all his estate to trustees upon trust for his wife for life. The testator's residence is leasehold, for an unexpired term of 5 years, and is held at a rack rental subject to onerous covenants. The trustees cannot let the house or dispose of the lease. Does the rent become payable out of income or capital and what portion of testator's estate is liable to discharge the burden of the onerous covenants?-Yours, &c.,

DUBITAS.

LUX. (1) It is impossible to say what legislative change may be made in conveyancing in the next two or three years (2, 3, and 4). You had better write to the publishers of Greenwood's Manual of Conveyancing, for information on the points you ask. (5) We recommend the book as a good guide to the practice of conveyancing. (6). No. (7). L. S. J.J

AN articled clerk presenting himself for his Final in January next, will be glad to correspond with any gentleman upon subjects (essential and optional) required for same. Address, J. D., 205, Duckworth Street, Darwen, Lancashire.

W. B. R.-You will find an article on The Bankruptcy Law Amendment Bill, on p. 47, which is the essay referred to.-LED. L. S. J.]

ALBERT HARRIS.-See The London and Brighton Railway Co. v. Watson, 4 C. P. D., 118, and see also Dyson v. The London and North Western Railway Co., 7 Q. B. D., 32. -[ED. L. S. J.J

Ö. Z.-You must still read Stephens' Commentaries for the Intermediate. You will find a great many things in the Commentaries not in the works you have read.—[ED. L. S. J.]

ALFRED G. WILKIE.-You will find the books I recommend to be read for Honours at the Solicitors' Final fully set out in my Self Preparation for the Final.-[ED. L. S. J.]

AMICUS.-Your question is too simple for insertion in the journal. The landlord has no right upon the land demised until the notice to quit expires, except by the leave of the tenant, unless such right is expressly reserved by the terms of hiring.—[ED. L. S. J.]

C. H. P.-An action of ejectment. Twelve years.—[ED. L. S. J.]

SUBSCRIBER.-(1) Giving notice of change of residence will be sufficient when he renews his certificate. (2) He will have no difficulty in procuring a fresh certificate if he can show that he has been properly employed since the certificate was last taken out. (3) Serving writs is not necessarily solicitors' work, and to do this, it is not necessary that the solicitor should take out a certificate.-[ED. L. S. J.]

E. J.-As you are not going in until November, 1884, you had better read the last edition of Stephen's Commentaries, and those of the new Acts, which have been passed since it was printed as well.-[ED. L. S. J.]

Nox. You will do best by reading for two hours on one subject and the remainder of your time on another subject. Your second question is too simple for insertion, all children of B and C. take vested interests as soon as they are born. You will find all necessary authorities in the rules to Viner v. Francis, Tudor's Leading Cases.-[ED. L. S. J.]

E. A. C.-It will do no harm for you to apply for leave to be examined at the June Intermediate Examination. We do not think you will get leave unless you can show some special reason.-[ED. L. S. J.]

Jaw Students' Societies.

[Reports of, and information as to Law Students' Societies, throughout the kingdom, will be inserted as far as space will permit, and secretaries are invited to communicate.-One condensed report of the whole month's proceedings should be forwarded.-Communications should reach the office of this Journal, if possible, not later than the 24th of each month.]

BIRMINGHAM LAW STUDENTS' SOCIETY. At an ordinary meeting of the Birmingham Law Students' Debating Society, held on Tuesday, 18th September, 1883, at the Law Library, Bennett's Hill, Birmingham, E. L. Tyndall, Esq., in the chair, the following moot point was discussed: That the present state of the Blasphemy Laws is unsatisfactory, and requires change. Speakers in the affirmative-Messrs. Streetly, Platnauer and Turnell; in the negative-Messrs. Clark and Cochrane. On the chairman putting the question to the meeting, the voting was-for the affirmative, 7; for the negative, 3. A vote of thanks to the chairman concluded the meeting.