NOTICES.

Numbers 1845 and 1846 of the MECHANICS' MAGAZINE (original series), containing the paper read at the Society

of Arts, Dember 15, 1858, "ON THE MODIFICATIONS WHICH THE SHIPS GF THE ROYAL NAVY HAVE UNDERGONE DURING THE PRESENT CENTURY IN RESPECT OF DIMENSIONS, FORM,

MEANS OF PROPULSION, AND POWERS OF ATTACK AND DEFENCE," by one of the EDITORS of this Magazine, together with the discussion upon the same, are still on sale.

The MECHANICS' MAGAZINE will be sent free by post to all subscribers of £1 1s. 8d., payable in advance. Post Office Orders to be made payable to R. A. Brooman, at the Post Office, Fleet Street, London, E.C.

TO ADVERTISERS.

All Advertisements occupying less than half-a-column are charged at the rate of 6d. per line for any number of insertions less than 13; for 13 insertions, 5d. per line; and for 52 insertions, 4d. per line.

Each line consists of 10 words, the first line counting as two. Wood-cuts are charged at the same rate as type for the space occupied.

Special Arrangemenfs for larger or Serial Advertisements. To ensure insertion, Advertisements must reach the Office by 6 o'clock on Thursday evening each week. None can

THE SPHERICAL EXCESS.

A VALUED correspondent, who is very favourably
known to many of our readers, sends us the fol-
lowing interesting geometrical suggestion:-
GENTLEMEN,I send you a little theorem, by
the help of which it is easy to exhibit, geometri-
cally, an angle on the sphere equal to half the
spherical excess.

Let A B C D be four points on a sphere.

Through these points, three by three, let three
circles be drawn, all intersecting in A:-viz.,
ABC, ACD, ADB. Then, in the curvilinear
triangle), B CD, the sum of the three angles shall
be equal to two right angles.

be received after 9 o'clock on Friday morning for the triangle (which is not, however, a spherical ensuing number.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

The practice of publishing a vast quantity of fictitions Notices to Correspondents has become so general in cheap joarnals, that the public, who are not in the secret, have come to consider it the duty of Editors to answer any and every question that may be put to them by readers. This cannot, however, be done in a journal like our own without entailing an immense amount of labour (often of a very unnecessary character) upon us. We, therefore, beg most respectfully to decline the task. But in order that our correspondents may not be deprived of all advantage in this respect, we shall, as a rule, publish such queries as may be sent in good faith to us, though not such as appear to be sent merely for the sake of giving trouble. To the reply, and their replies shall likewise be published. By this arrangement we shall save ourselves much inconvenience, and at the same time secure, we trust, to our readers be stated simply, clearly, and without circumlocution of any kind; and we shall feel grateful to those correspondents who kindly take the trouble to send such information by way of reply as they may possess. Mere questions of business we shall of course answer ourselves; but whenever calculation, reference to published works, &c., are necessary, we shall dispose of the questions sent as stated above.

published queries other correspondents will, we hope,

all the information they may desire. All questions must

I have read, with much interest, the article in your new Magazine on "Improved Modes of Con structing the Flues of Steam Boilers," by W. Fairbairn, Esq., but one thing strikes me as contributing materially to the distortion of the flues in the boilers made for the North Eastern division of the London and North-Western Railway, and that is, their being composed of plates only 3-8ths of an inch thick. I should be very sorry to place myself in antagonism to so eminent a man as Mr. Fairbairn, but my conviction is, that these boilers, from the outset, were constructed of too thin iron for the working pressure of 40lbs. to the square inch, and that had they been constructed of half-inch iron, the flues would not have become elliptical. I cannot detect any such distor. tion in my high pressure boiler flues, both the outer and inner shells of which are of half-inch iron, and the working pressure 40lbs. P.S.-I do not wish to be understood by the foregoing to deprecate the value of additional rings round a boiler flue, as anything that tends to additional safety must be valuable; but unscientific as I am, I should never have ordered of my boilermaker boilers of that size, even work at a far less pressure, of less thickness than half-inch.

On reference to the figure, it will easily be seen that the angles BCD are severally equal to the angles b cd, and, therefore, that

Euclid I, 32, is the stereographic projection of
this theorem.

By making the radius of the sphere infinite, it
appears evident that it holds in plano.
If A be the opposite pole to B, A B C and A BD
will be great circles. Draw a great circle
(dotted) through CD: then it is evident that the
angles at C and D, which the great circle, CD,
makes with the small circle, ACD, are each of
them equal to half the spherical excess of the
spherical triangle, BCD.

C. W. MERRIFIELD.

MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE.

.

posed docks, have signified their approbation of the scheme, which their railway will connect with the counties of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, and by the narrow guage junction at Reading, with the pottery and hardware districts, South Wales, and the western counties. It is proposed also to combine with the docks a steam-ferry, thus affording a connexion with the Blackwall Ralway, chants and others from the eastern district of and a convenient access to the docks for mer

London.-South London Journal.

PORTSMOUTH DOCKYARD.-A great improvement has lately been made in the dockyard at Portsmouth. Gravel has been laid over the rough paving stones which from time immemorial have been the horror of all unhappy officers on "dock yard duty," especially those troubled with corns, or addicted to wearing tight boots. Another improvement cannot fail to strike one who may not have been dockyard visitors for some time; and this is the arrangement of the police, when the men are leaving the yard. In olden times, the police were stationed immediately at the gates, and it was impossible for them to exercise a proper amount of vigilance on the pushing crowd of men hurrying past them. Now they are stationed in open order, extending a considerable distance, and forming a lane through which the men have to pass in review, so that if a suspicious man should pass the scrutiny of the advanced policeman, it is almost impossible for him to escape the notice at the whole of the parts forming the lane. It is believed that this simple improvement will be the means of preventing much robbery of Government stores.

CHARCOAL.-H. S. Warner, Esq., of Trinidad, proposes to utilize the pitch of the celebrated lake in his neighbourhood. The deodorizing and purifying powers of different charcoals depend, he says, entirely upon the carbonaceous matter in efficiently, it must be of a very porous nature, them. But for such carbonaceous matter to act and as the pitch of the pitch lake of Trinidad does not contain such porous substance he merely uses it as affording carbonaceous matter, and he causes this carbonaceous matter to be diffused or spread through a substance which performs the same function as bone earth in animal charcoal. The substances found to answer this purpose are clay, pumice-stone, broken brick, spent animal charcoal, calcined bones, &c. There are several modes by which, from these materials, decolorizing and purifying charcoal can be made, one of which is as follows:-The pitch may be simply fused in a material may be added, it being in a dry state, proper vessel, and when melted, the clay or other and if necessary, previously crushed. The heat is then raised and continued as long as any valuable matter is given off by the pitch at a red heat. During this operation the materials should be kept stirred. parts, by measure, of pitch powder to five or six The best proportions are three parts of porous material.

PROPOSED DOCKS AT EAST GREENWICH.-
An important project is now on foot for the for-
mation of extensive dock accommodation at
Greenwich, between that town and Woolwich,
adjoining the Angerstein Branch of the South-
Eastern Railway, and having entrances from the
Thames at Greenwich on the west, and Charlton
on the east. The site thus selected, from the pe-
ninsula form of the land, possesses remarkable
advantages, offering facilities for the entry and
departure of vessels similar to those afforded by
the East and West India Docks, with the addi-
tion of a greater depth at low water, the en-
trances to consist of locks, 90 and 50 feet in
width, which will be capable of taking in and
floating larger vessels than any other docks upon
the Thames. It is proposed to construct three
docks in the first instance, comprising an
area of about 48 acres of deep water, in addition
to which land will be taken for quays, graving
docks, warehouses, timber ponds, &c., the total
length of frontage for dock quays being 9,200
feet. The cost of the docks is estimated at
500,000l., or 10,410l. per acre of water, whilst
the West India Docks, containing 112 acres,
cost 2,003,000l., or 17,8841. per acre; the St. Ka-
therine Docks, containing 11 acres, cost 2,152,8007.,
or nearly 195,6407, per acre; the London Docks,
containing 28 acres, cost 3,938.310., or 140,6541.
per acre, the latter company being now about
to expend 700,000l. to obtain an additional dock
space of about six acres. The Board of Directors
of the South-Eastern Railway Company, appre-
ciating the results likely to arise to the traffic
of their line from the establishment of the pro- | open moulding frame.

MACHINERY FOR MAKING BOOTS AND SHOES.Mr. Archibald Neilson, of Glasgow, has invented an improved apparatus for making boots and shoes. The main portion of the apparatus used consists of a shoe sole, the upper face of which is formed to a fine surface corresponding to the sole and heel to be moulded. This sole face is channelled all round the contour for receiving a corresponding frame of metal hinged at one end to the sole plate, and in pieces. if convenient. This frame has upon its upper face an angle or ledge piece for forming the seam at the junction of the sole with the upper of the boot or shoe, whilst its main inside edge face shapes the external contour of the sole edge. The workman takes the lasted boot, and having deposited solution or softened gutta-percha upon the face of the sole, he places the lasted "upper" down upon it, and then shuts down the open moulding frame. This at once moulds the sole, firmly attaches it to the edges of the lasted leather, and completes the operation. If required the heel portion may also have an

Bilston, where three men were killed from the
breaking of the skip chain; and seven men and
boys at the Agecroft Colliery, Pendlebury, in the
north, by the snapping of the wire-rope by which
the men are drawn up the shaft, occasioned by the
over winding of the engine.

CURRENT EVENTS IN THE CENTRES OF
THE IRON, COAL, MACHINE, AND
SHIPPING TRADES.
(COMPILED BY OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
Fox and Henderson's Estate-Bilston Gas Com-
pany-Welsh and Newcastle Coals-Cunning-
ham Sail Reefs-The Sunderland Merchants Zadeliffe, have made an advance of one penny in
Messrs. Knowles and Hall, coal proprietors,
and the Timber Duty-Hand-Loom Silk
the shilling to their men, to commence at once.
Weavers and their Wages-The Leeds Town
The South Staffordshire collieries have met in
Council applying to Government-£5,000, a
Donation-Society of Agriculture at Brussels-public meeting, advocating fortnightly instead of
Deaths in Collieries-The Radcliffe Coal Pro-monthly payments, and the abolition of the truck
prietors-Fortnightly Payments Important
Mine Drainage.

THERE has been a meeting for audit and dividend on the separate estate of Sir Charles Fox, and for declaring dividend on the separate estate of Mr. Henderson. Mr. Beale (of the firm of Beale and Marigold, solicitor to the assignees) said that on the separate estate of Sir Charles Fox there were assets amounting to £2,000, in the hands of the official assignee, and as his debts were only £1,800, this, after paying 20s. in the pound, would allow a small amount to go to the joint estate. The separate estate of Mr. Henderson showed a small amount in hand. When the sale had taken place there would be dividend.

The mains of the Bilston Gas-light Company have been considerably extended, as was shown by the report read at the anuual meeting on Monday last. The profits of the year are shown to be £2,125 1s. 11d., besides a balance of £114 9s. 5d. from the previous year's profits. The directors propose to make a general reduction in the price of gas at Lady-day next. Already they have remitted the annual charge of meter-rent.

The careful experiments, extending over several days, on the comparative evaporative power of Welsh and Newcastle steam coal, are at an end. The results will shortly be published.

All the new ships that are being built upon the Tyne and Wear, with one exception, are being fitted up with the self-reefing topsails, patented by Mr. Cunningham.

system.

The " 'Deepfield Pond" has been once more pumped out of the mines in the neighbourhood of Deepfields, Bilston. Messrs. W. P. and W. H. Smith have, after a long struggle, been rewarded with success. They entered last summer into an agreement to pump the water out of the mines. The engine is computed to work to the power of 300 horses, discharging at every stroke 150 gals. of water, from a depth of 137 yards. The engine has made eight, and more frequently 9 strokes per minute. The water since 1831, has only been once pumped out of this mineral property, containing an area of upwards of 400 acres. This was in 1849, when the present engine wes erected and worked by a body of mine-owners, as the Union Engine Company. Since 1854, up to the present time, the mines of this district have been under water.

NOTES FROM THE EASTERN DISTRICTS.

shortly at Holbeach, Lincolnshire. The rates charged at present are 78. Gd. per 1,000 cubic feet, while at Boston, 16 miles distant, the charge is only 3s. 6d.

-The tender of Mr. Mortar, of Stratford, for sewerage works, proposed to be carried out by the West Ham Local Board of Health, has been accepted by the board. The amount of Mr. Mortar's tender is £16,379 15s. 11d.—The Newmarket Burial Board have accepted the tender of Messrs. Westley for their cemetery buildings-two chapels, entrance lodge, boundary walls and gates; the amount of the contract is £951. Certain dams placed in the Nene at Waldersea and Guyhorn, are considered by the authorities of Wisbeach to injure the navigation and trade of that port; and a special meeting of the Nene Valley Drainage Commission has been held to consider a notice from the Wisbeach town council in reference to their removal. Mr. Stevens moved, and the Mayor of Wisbeach seconded, a resolution to the effect that the dams should be removed under the superintendence of Mr. Fowler, the engineer to the commission, the middle opening of Waldersea dam to be first removed, and if this course were attended with no ill effect, the other part to follow; the same course to be afterwards adopted at Guyhorn, and the dams to be closed again if any evils resulted from the more free course of the waters. On the votes being taken the only commissioners in favour of the motion were found to be the proposer and seconder. Mr. Fowler stated that if the local magistrate should be induced to make an order for the removal of the dams which have been placed in the river on the (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) advice of eminent engineers, he should recominend The Gas Question at Norwich-The New Contithe commissioners to disobey it, and even if a mannental Telegraph-Gas at Holbeach-Drainage damus were issued, the same course would be Works at West Haven-Newmarhet Cemetery advisable. He should require £2,000 for strengthWorks-The New Valley Drainage Commis-ening the Waldersea dam.-An effort is being sioners and the Authorities of Wisbeach-Pro-made at Norwich to promote the erection of a new posed New Corn Exchange at Norwich-Ipswich Railway Station-Norfolk Estuary Works. THE Norwich Local Board of Health have had a long discussion in regard to the arrangements at present in existence for lighting the public lamps The Sunderland timber merchants, ship-buil-in that city. It seems that the British Gas Light ders, ship-owners, and ship-wrights have met, and Company, in whose hands the gas supply of the resolved to petition the House of Commons for a city is vested, require £1 per lamp per annum, total repeal of the timber duties. The existing while the Board are only willing to give £3 158. Government restrictions gave a bonus on a The upshot of the matter is, that the Board have Canadian vessel requiring 980 loads of timber in resolved to advertise for tenders for erecting her construction, of £49 to the shipbuilder of St. lamps, &c.; to make all necessary arrangements John's and Quebec, over that of the ship-builder for lighting, extinguishing, &c.; and to require in this country. The same principle applied to the gas company to supply the lamps with gas in foreign-built ships, and timber from foreign the manner prescribed in the 29th section of their act. The matter has been on hand since the summer.— -Sir Charles Bright and Mr. Moseley, two of the principal officers of the British and Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company, have met a committee of the Norwich town council for the purpose of conferring with them in reference to the mode in which the wires of the land portion of the new telegraph, from the metropolis to Hanover, are to be carried through Norwich and its suburbs. Sir Charles Bright explained the course which the company wished to pursue in carrying the wires across the city and along the Newmarket-road; referring also to the difficulties incident to laying the wires underground from St. Stephen's-gates to Eaton-hill, as proposed by the committee. The chairman of the council committee informed Sir Charles that the residents in the neighbourhood of the Newmarket-road and the citizens generally were averse to posts and wires being placed along the road. Sir Charles replied that the directors of the company would not persist in a course likely to annoy the inhabitants, and would carry the wires from Hellesdon-gate along the bye roads over Hellesdon-bridge, and thence to Eaton, as first contemplated, having a communication across the city from Exchangestreet to Hellesdon. The line from Norwich to Cromer (where the cable leaves the coast for Emden, Hanover) is in operation, and messages are now transmitted to the continent by the new route, over which it is estimated that 40,000 telegrams will be dispatched annually.- -It is rumoured that a new gas company will be organised

countries.

The hand-loom silk weavers at Middleton and

Leigh are uniting to obtain an advance of wages. They allege that the manufacturers are ready to give them an advance of d. per yard.

The Town Council of Leeds have held a special meeting, and appointed a committee of their number to consider the propriety of presenting a memorial to Her Majesty's Government in favour of the establishment of bonded warehouses of Leeds. At the same meeting the council determined to petition the Queen in favour in making Leeds the assize town for the West Riding.

Lord Shaftesbury has received from a lady, whose name has not been communicated to the public, a donation of £5,000 for the improvement of dwellings of working men in Hull. All honour

to her!

Bell's Weekly Messenger says:-"The Central Society of Agriculture at Brussels has resolved on holding an international meeting for the trial of reaping machines during the next year. The date is not yet fixed. A sum of 3,000 francs has been voted by the society, to be distributed in one or two prizes, and to defray the expenses connected with the carriage of the machines. We believe that an invitation to attend the meeting has been sent to all the leading implement makers in Eng

land."

Among the deaths in collieries since our last are ten, the result of two accidents, one in South Staffordshire, at the Osur Bed Colliery, near

corn exchange, with an area of 12,000 square feet. It is proposed to erect the new building upon the site occupied by the present Exchange (which has an area of 7,000 square feet) and some of the adjoining premises. The cost of site and buildings is estimated at £23,000, and towards this sum £14,000 has been furnished in shares and donations. When this sum is increased to £20,000, the provisional directors will proceed with the undertaking. A new railway station is progressing at Ipswich on the north side of the Stoke tunnel (Eastern Union Railway), the brickwork having been raised a few feet from the ground. Anent this station hangs a tale. Mr. Bruff, C.E., states to the Ipswich paving and lighting committee that the station will be used in two or three months whether it is completely finished or not. There have been, it is said, parties in the town making calculations for a station to be built by the Eastern Counties Company; but Mr. Bruff stigmatises this as merely a "vexatious proceeding." The Eastern Union Company will finish the station at present in hand, and place it at the disposal of the Eastern Counties Company. If that company refuse to use it, Mr. Bruff believes that the Board of Trade will interfere when the East Suffolk system is opened, as all the traffic, he thinks, cannot be safely worked at the present station (which was erected nine years ago merely as a temporary expedient, but has been in use ever since). It would occupy too much space to enter into all the circumstances of this affair, but it will be seen that the nominally-united Eastern Counties and Eastern Union Companies are not working very harmoniously.- -It is understood that the Norfolk Estuary works are suspended for the present.

GLYCERINE MANUFACTURE.-An important improvement in the manufacture of glycerine has been patented by Mr. Reynolds, an experienced chemist, King William street, London-bridge. It chiefly consists in blowing dry steam at a temperature of about 400° Fahr. through spent soap lees. By this means the glycerine is evaporated, and the salts are left to deposit themselves in the containing vessel,

METAL AND COAL TRADES, &c. | siderable extent for the failing off in the genial
demand.
(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

-

Dated December 13, 1858. 2850. J. A. Carruthers, Reed Maker, and T. Blackburn, The reports from the manufacturing districts Mechanic, both of Blackburn. Improvements in apparatus for guiding and regulating the warp threads in the operacontinue to be decidedly favourable. At no peris dtions of warping, tape-sizing, looming, and weaving. since the great turn out of 1842, which lasted for eight weeks, have stocks of goods been so bare at Manchester.

2851. R. Whittam, of Accrington, Engraver. Improvements in machinery or apparatus, for tracing designs from an engraved roller, or from an engraver's sketch upon steel or other metallic surfaces, used as dies by engravers to calies printers.

2852. L. C. V. Yon, of Lisieux, France, Upholsterer. Improved elastic beds.

The Mills, Forges, &c. of South Staffordshire-
The Blast Furnaces-New Furnaces-A Con-
tract-Pig Iron per ton-The Coal and Iron-
stone-Hematite Ore-The Furnaces in blast
in Scotland. - The manufacture of Pig in
Scotland-The Stocks-The Glasgow Market-
The reports from the woollen districts are also
The state of the Iron and Coal Trades in York. very favourable; at Leeds, the opening market of
shire, &c.-The demand for Railway Ironwork the year was of a very satisfactory character.
-The Sheepbridge blast furnaces-Employment The report from Bradford is, that the transactions
-Activity of the Coal trade-Employment in in English wools have been on an extensive
Yorkshire, Derbyshire, aud Lancashire-scale, with an upward tendency in prices. In the
Sheffield, Birmingham, and Wolverhampton trade of Leicester, there is now a greater quantity Agent. Improvement- iu twisting and otherwise operating

trades-The Hollow-ware trade-Cut nail of machinery employed than was ever before
trade-Tin Plate and Japan markets-The known. A wonderful change for the better has
Lock trade-Walsall-Saddlery · The prices
taken place in the trade of Kidderminister.
of 1812-The Woollen market at Leeds-Dillo
Bradford-Leicester machinery-Kidder
minster trade.

at

THE mills and forges in South Staffordshire are in fair operation, the leading markets being tolerably busy. It is also stated that amongst the Iron Founders and machinists of the district there is more doing, and that employment is on the increase.

At present there are 133 blast furnaces in the district in operation, and about 50 out of blast.

Three new furnaces have been completed, and two others are nearly finished. Contrasted with the period immediately before the late crisis, Sept. 1857, there are now 25 blast furnaces less in operation than at that time.

Good hot blast mine pig iron is realising £3 15s. per ton, and cold blast, £4 5s.

The coal trade continues brisk, and the rates are well maintained. Ironstone, the yield of the district, is in good demand, and prices have an upward tendency. In fact, sales have been cffected at from 1s. to 1s. 3d. advance.

Large quantities of hematite ore are coming into the district, and higher rates are obtained.

The furnaces now in blast in Scotland are 132, and there are 45 not working. The total quantity of pig iron made in 1858 in Scotland, was 945,000 tons, which, at the average price of the year, represents a total value of £2,554,000. The stocks, which are now 295,000 tons in warehouse keepers and makers stores, have increased 135,000 tons in the year. The market in Glasgow was weaker on Tuesday, and a large business was done at 54s. cash, and proportionate open rates. No. 1, G.M.B., 53s.; No. 3, G.M.B., 53s.

The reports of the state of the iron and coal trades in Derbyshire, Yorkshire, and Lancashire, state that orders for the Continent are more plentiful, whilst the demand for the home consumption continued to increase. The demand for rails and railway ironwork is on the increase. The three new blast furnaces which have recently been erected by the Dunstan and Barlow Company at Sheepbridge, near Chesterfield, will be blown in auring the ensuing month. Additional furnaces are about to be erected, all of which will afford employment for a large number of hands. The coal trade continues to increase in activity, and the demand is exceedingly brisk. The West Staveley Colliery at Whittington has been recommenced, and employment for colliers abounds everywhere in the three counti s.

In the Sheffield trades a decided improvement is perceptible on every hand. Respecting the trades of Birmingham and Wolverhampton, it may be reported that the majority of manufacturers have sufficient orders on hand to keep them fairly employed. The hollow-ware trade, which has been extremely depressed during the year, shows some symptoms of improvement. In the cut nail trade the different manufacturers are tolerably busy. Tin plate and japan workers are in full work, with every prospect of a continuance. In the lock trade there has been a decided improvement in all its branches during the past fortnight, and some of the larger manufacturers have been working overtime. Walsall has suffered least from a general depression in trade, military orders for saddlery having compensated to a con

PROVISIONAL PROTECTIONS.

Dated December 6, 1858.

2788, J. G. Arnold, of Worcester. Improvements in envelopes for letters and similar purposes.

2790. J. Muir, of Glasgow, Pattern Designer, and F. Muir, of Paisley, Pattern Printer. Improvements in ornamentai or colour printing.

2792. J. Dawson, of Holbeck, Leeds, Machine Maker. Improvements in machinery or apparatus for raising the nap on woollen cloths.

2794. R. A. Brooman, of 166 Fleet-st., London, Patent Agent. Improvements in the manufacture of gloves.-A communication from Messrs. A. and L. Fontaine, of Paris. 2796. E. W. Scale, of Merthyr Tydvil, Agent. Improvements in railway and other breaks.

Dated December 7, 1858.

2798. W. A. Gilbee, of Scuth-st., Finsbury. An improved portable bath.-A communication.

2800. J. Whiteley, of Halifax, Machine Maker, and T. Kitchenman, of the same place, Stuff Presser. Improvements in press plates or apparatus employed in hotpressing woven fabrics.

2832. J. J. Harris, of Woodlesford, near Leeds, Brewer. Improvements in apparatus for refrigerating and regulating the temperature in worts and beer, which may also be employed as condensers in distilling.

2806. W. Burness, of Brixton. Improvements in pumping and forcing liquids.

2853. J. M. Roussel, of Belleville, Paris, Mechanician. A new system and new apparatus, using air as a motive power.

2851. J. E. Boyd, of Lewisham, Gentleman. Improvements in candlesticks, lamps and lanthorns.

2855. R. A. Brooman. of 166 Fleet-street, London, Patent upon threads, twine, or cords, and in apparatus for performing the same. A communication from Messrs. Elmond Empis and Co., of Wazemines, France.

2856. R. A. Brooman, of 166 Fleet-street, London. Patent Agent. Improvements in the manufacture of cranked axles and shafts. A communication from Messrs. Russery, Lacombe, and Co., of Rive de Gier, France.

2857. E. Loomes, of Whittlesea, Cambridge, Farmer. An improvement in the construction of steam engines. 2858. J, Ferrabee, of Stroud, Engineer. Improvements in the construction of steam engines, and in the mode of working the same.

Dated December 14, 1858.

2859. J. Webster, of Birmingham, Engineer. A new or improved method of recovering copper and zinc fromn liquids, which have been employed to dip or pickle articles made of brass or other alloys containing copper and zinc. 2860. E. Bow, of Port Dundas, Coalmaster. Improvements in pumps.

2861. D. Anderson, of Glasgow, Ironmonger. Improvements in taps or valves.

2862. J. Wade, of Bradford, York, Manufacturer. Improvements in means or apparatus employed in weaving. 2863. G. Baker, of Woburn, Bedford, Farm Steward. An improved construction of manger fastening.

2861. R. A. Brooman, of 166 Flect-street, London, Editor of the MECHANICS' MAGAZINE and Patent Agent. An improvement in transmitting clectric telegraph signals. A communication from T. A. M. Sortajs, of Lisieux, France. 2865. J. T. Sinets, of Placamen, France, Distiller. A method of making vinegar from a refuse product obtained in the manufacture of starch.

2866. F. Jossa, of Bishop Auckland, Chemist. Improvements in furnaces for generating steam and other purposes. Dated December 15, 1858,

2803. J. Ferrabee, of Stroud, Engineer, and F. H. Eng-improvements in machinery or apparatus for bleaching or 2867. J. Pendlebury, of Crumpsall, Bleacher. Certain land, of Stroud, Manager. Improvemeats applicable to cleansing textile fabrics or materials. machinery for carding, scribbling, and condensing wool and other fibrous substances.

Dated December 8, 1858.

2810. G. F. Chantrell, of Liverpool, Furnace Engineer.
Improvements in apparatus applicable to the manufacture
and rivivification of animal or vegetable charcoal.
2812. R. L. P. Manning, of Princes-sq., Mariner. A
floating paddle wheel.

2814. S. Phillips, of Moseley, near Birmingham, Gentle-
man. Improvements in sliding window sashes, shutters,
and doors.

2816. W. King, jun., of Guildford, Grocer and Tea Dealer. Improvements in apparatus for roasting coffee and other substances.

2818. H. Meidinger, of Heidelberg, Germany. Improvements in electric batteries.

Dated December 9, 1858.

2820. J. Barrow, Jun., of Manchester, Manufacturing Chemist. Improvements in the treatment of coal gas tar, and of the oils obtained by the distillation of the same, and for the application of substances obtained thereby.

2822. J. Eccles, of Blackburn, Cotton Manufacturer. Improvements in arrangeincats and machinery for preparing for manufacture and for manufacturing clay and other plastic earths into bricks, tiles, pipes, and other articles formed of such materials.

2824. J. Little, of Glasgow, Ironmonger. Improvements
in fire grates and heating apparatus.

2536 J. Stewart, of Tottenham-court-rd. Improvements
in the construction of the action of piano-fortes.
2928. J. Wilson, of Wansford, Northamptonshire. Im-
provements in inachinery for tilling and cultivating land.
Dated December 10, 1858.

2831. J. Flockton, jnn., of Manchester, Engineer. Im-
provements in stop or reversing taps.

2836. A. Barclay, of Kilmarnock, Engineer. Improvements in obtaining motive power by means of electricity, magnetism, and electro-magnetism.

2838. W. Beardmore, of Deptford, Engineer. Improvements in steam boilers.

2810. G. W. B. Kiallmark, of Bridgewater, Somerset, and W. T. Timewell, of Paddington. Improvements in the

manufacture of cements.

Dated December 11, 1858.
2842. J. B. Guthrie, of Manchester, Warehouseman.
Improvements in the manufacture of India-rubber over-
shoes.

2844. J. Hinks, of Birmingham, Manufacturer. Improve-
ments in ships' and other lamps.

2846. C. J. Richardson, of Kensington-equare, Architect. Improvements in apparatus to be applied to chimneys o: flues of buildings, for economising heat and reducing the quantity of smoke passing into the atmosphere.

2848. W. E. Wiley, Pencil Maker, of Birmingham. Improvements in ever-pointed pencils.

2868. D. Rowan, of Greenock, Engineer. Improvements in steam engines.

2863. II. Bridges, of Bridgewater, Carriage Builder. Improvements in the means of working breaks on carriages on railways.

2870. F. C. N. J. Migeon, of Morvillars, France, Manufacturer. Improvements in manufacturing screws, rivets, nails, spikes, and all similar articles made of metallic wire, and in the machines connected therewith.

2871. A. V. Newton, of Chancery-lane. Improved machinery for manufacturing bullets. A communication. 2872. A. V. Newton, of Chancery-lane. An improved arrangement of condensing apparatus. A communication. 2873. J. Bullough, of Blackburn, Manager. Improve

ments in looms.

2874. C. F. Vasserot, of Essex-street, Strand. An improved pendulum governor for regulating the supply of steam to the cylinders of marine engines. A communication from M. Billotet, of Marseilles.

2875. W. Clark, of Chancery-lane. Improved agricultural implements.-A communication from L. J. Chateau,

of Paris.

2876. J. Wardill, of Commercial-road East, Engineer. An improved stopper or controller, to stop and control the running out of chains and ropes.

2877. G. Bell, of Wandsworth, Gentleman. An improvement in matches and fusees.

2878. T. Moss, of Gainsford-st., Islington. Improvements in printing bank notes, bills of exchange, and other documents requiring like security against being copied. 2879. W. Morgan, of Witton-park Iron Works, near Darlington. Improvements in the manufacture of iron. Dated December 16, 1858.

2881. W. H. Carmont, and W. Corbett, of Manchester, Iron Manufacturers. An improved mode of constructing furnaces for the production of wrought iron and steel, and manufacturing such metals into ingots and other forms. 2882. A. and J. Stokes, of Birmingham, Manufacturers New or improved machinery for the manufacture of

screws.

2883. R. Mushet, of Coleford, Gloucester, Metallurgit. A new or improved manufacture of cast steel.

2885. J. W. Edge, of Manchester, Gun Maker. A certain improvement in balls, bullets, or other projectiles to be employed in fire arins or ordnance.

2886. J. W. Friend, of Freemantle, Southampton, Watch Maker. Improved apparatus for ascertaining an i registering the depth and flow of liquids and the distances run by ships at sea.

2887. A. Mackenzie, of Glasgow, Mechanist. Improv.ments in sewing machines.

2888. J. J. Marçais, of Paris, Civil Engineer. Improve ments in galvanic baiteries.

2659. W. White, and J. Parlby, of Great Marylebonto Architectural Decorators. Improvements in the prepar tion or treatment of "carton pierre," and such like com