printed his Scholia on Livy, in which he illuftrates the Roman Hiftory, and corrects the Errors of Livy himself, or of his Transcribers, Thefe Works of Sigonius gave rise to a very bitter Difpute, which lafted several Years between him and Robortello. This laft was indeed a Man of great Parts, and very learned: but it appears by what he wrote against Erafmus, Egnatius, Alciat, and other famous Men of his time, that he was fway'd, not by Emulation, but by Envy; magnifying to the utmost his own Writings, and defpifing and undervaluing those of others. He would fain have made the whole learned World believe that he alone had Wit and Judgment; that he alone could make new and wonderful Difcoveries; and that those were guilty of the highest Crimes, not only who dared to differ from him in Opinion, but who did not beftow upon him and his Writings the most exorbitant Praises. He grieved to fee that Sigonius, who was but a young Man ftill, fhould be preferred to him, a Man of Years, not only with regard to claffical Learning and Eloquence, but also with regard to the ripeness and folidity of his Judgment. This induced him upon all occafions to criticise Sigonius's Works, and to calumniate the Author himself. Sigonius not being able to bear this Ufage any longer, publifhed two Books of Emendations, Libros Emendationum, and dedicated them to Bernardo Naugerio, a Senator of Venice, who was afterwards promoted to the Dignity of a Cardinal. In thefe Books, Sigonius vindicates his own Learning, and falls very heavily upon Robortello; he alfo took that Opportunity to answer to Henry Glareanus, who had attacked his Notes upon Livy. Thus the

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misunderstanding between Sigonius and Robortello encreased by these Books, and was probably to last for ever, if Jerom Seripandi, an emiment Cardinal,had not interpofed between them. Robortello was now tranflated to the University of Bologna; and Sigonius happening to be in that City, Seripandus by his Ability and Eloquence fo effectually prevailed upon these two illuftrious Enemies, that he obliged them to be reconciled; they fhook Hands together, and promifed one another a conftant Friendship. Affoon as Sigonius had left Bologna, he wrote a very kind Letter to Robortello, who did not think fit to return an answer: Nay, he foon forgot his Prom., and began again to attack Sigonius with more Fury than ever. Sigonius, notwithstanding his literary Difputes, and his publick Employment, constantly exerted himfelf in labouring for the Good of the Republick of Letters. In the Year 1559, he published, with his Annotations, the Fragments of those of Tully's Books, which are loft; and in 1560, he printed the following elaborate Work, De Antiquo jure Civium Romanorum: De Antiquo jure Italia; & de Antiquo jure Provinciarum. i.e." Of the ancient Right of the Roman Citi"zens: of the ancient Right of Italy, and of "the ancient Right of the Provinces."

Sigonius having taught Eloquence at Venice during eight Years, was tranflated in 1560 to the University of Padua, fucceeding again Robortello, who had been made Profeffor at Bologna two Years before; and the next Year Robortello was again chofen by the Senate of Venice to teach polite Literature and moral Philofophy at Padua: Thefe two Antagonists being now Profeffors in the fame University, it was not long

long e'er high Difputes arofe between them about the Place where they fhould read their Lectures: but they were foon compofed by Sigonius's complying with the Request of his Superiors; he chofe for his publick Lectures the Place where Romulus Amafeus had formerly taught; maintaining nevertheless the fame Honours which his Antagonist enjoy'd. But in the Year 1562, Robortello began again to kindle the Fire that seemed extinguifhed: he published an Advertisement, in which he promised, Linguæ latinæ rationem novo quodam modo fe traditurum; tum de Dialogo fe difceptaturum longe fecus ac inepti & indocti quidam, quos refellere non erit alienum a re, ut difcant pofthac cautius fcribere. That is, "that he would teach the "Latin Tongue after a new Manner; and also that he would treat of Dialogues (that is, I

fuppofe, the manner of writing by way of Dialogue) in a way intirely different from what fome impertinent and unlearned Men

had done, whom it would be proper to con"fute, that they might learn to write for the "future with more caution." These last Words were levelled particularly at Sigonius, who the Year before had publifhed a Book, intitled De Dialogo, Of Dialogue. Robortello attacked him moft furioufly in his private Converfations, as well as in his publick Lectures; and not only mifreprefented Sigonius's Works, but alfo blacken'd his Reputation. Sigonius in his own Defence laid Robortello's Ignorance open to the World, and during thirty Days, he published every third Day a Sheet of Paper, in which he cenfured fome Errors of his Antagonift: that fame Year he gave an account of his Life and of his Family, to confute Robortello's

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Calumnies; and printed it with the Title of Difputationes Patavina. In that Work he inveighs very bitterly against his Enemy; and though he had been provoked to it, yet, as the Writer of his Life very juftly obferves, he would have gained a much greater Applause, if he had written with more temper and moderation, as becomes a Philofopher and a Chriftian. How this Quarrel ended is unknown, only it is certain that Robortello died the 18th of March, in the Year 1567.

Sigonius, though the Senate of Venice had engaged him for five Years, yet being chofen Profeffor in the University of Bologna, he left Padua in the Year 1563. The only reafon why he left Padua before his time was out, was probably, that he could not bear any longer with Robortello's Character; nor live in the fame City with a Man who hated him mortally, and whofe Calumnies and bad Language he was obliged to hear every Day. Befides this, Robortello had Friends and Followers; Sigonius was perhaps afraid of being killed in an Univerfity, where the great Liberty the Students enjoyed, occafioned very often Tumults and Sedition: he feared perhaps Robortello himfelf, who was a very paffionate and brutal Man, and who had been banifhed from Luca, because he had committed a Murther there, when he was Profeffor in that City. It must alfo be obferved, that in the very City of Padua, Sigonius had been attacked and wounded in the Face by one Rhodoginus; whether that Man did it of his own accord, or whether he was hired to do it by fome body elfe, is unknown: however that be, Sigonius was glad of the Opportunity which the Senate of Bologna gave him to leave Padua.

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He went to Bologna, where, befides making him a Citizen, they gave him double the Salary he had in the University which he left. We find among his Works the publick Oration he made at Bologna the fixth of November, 1563, when he was inftalled in his Profefforship. Here he applied himself to his Study with more Affiduity, if poffible, than he had done before; and in the Year 1564, he published his Books De Republica Athenienfium, & de Athenienfium & Lacedemoniorum temporibus; and the next Year he printed his Latin Tranflation of Aristotle's Rhetoricks."

In his Books de Antiquo jure Civium Romanorum, "Of the ancient Right of the Roman Ci"tizens," he did not follow the Opinions of Nicholas Grucbius, who published a Commentary de Comitiis Romanorum, "of the Affem

blies of the Roman Citizens." This occafioned a new Difpute, but which was carry'd on with civility and moderation on both fides, the two Antagonists having a very great efteem for one another. Gruchius publifhed in 1565 his Anfwer to Sigonius, who published a Reply, with this Title, Difputationes duæ de binis comitiis & Lege Curiata, printed at Bologna the first of February 1566. The next Year Gruchius put out a fecond Reply, intitled, Refutatio ad pofteriorem Caroli Sigonii refutationem, after which the Dispute was ended. In the Year 1574, Sigonius publifhed his Books De Judiciis, which Rofinus fays, are written with the utmoft Care and Diligence, and are in the best order that can be wifhed,

Antiqu. Rom. Lib. IX.

Sigonius