America Past, America Present: Genes and Languages in the Americas and BeyondColin Renfrew McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2000 - 175 Seiten Aspects of the prehistory of the Americas currently remain little understood, with suggested dates for the first human colonization varying widely between 40,000 and 14,000 years ago. In this volume, molecular geneticists and historical linguists debate the evidence for the first peopling of the Americas, and for the subsequent emergence of the remarkable genetic and linguistic diversity still seen among Native Americans to this day. Part I offers a general consideration of the theme of language distribution and genetic variation in human populations with emphasis on the population-specific polymorphism issue. In parts II and III linguistic variation in Native American populations and their accompanying molecular genetic variability are discussed by leading specialists. In the final part unanswered questions in historical linguistics are debated, including the macrofamily problem with particular reference to the postulated but contoversial Amerind family. |
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Seite 145
... sound - unit between vowels in Proto - Germanic ( PGmc . ) , the unattested par- ent of these languages ; we infer that it was probably PGmc . * ht , and that it has been affected by an unconditioned regular sound change in Old Norse ...
... sound - unit between vowels in Proto - Germanic ( PGmc . ) , the unattested par- ent of these languages ; we infer that it was probably PGmc . * ht , and that it has been affected by an unconditioned regular sound change in Old Norse ...
Seite 146
... sound change is regular , we infer with certainty that the monophthongization occurred before the merger of * r and * z , since the alternative chronology would force us to posit an irregular sound change . 36 It is also reasonable ...
... sound change is regular , we infer with certainty that the monophthongization occurred before the merger of * r and * z , since the alternative chronology would force us to posit an irregular sound change . 36 It is also reasonable ...
Seite 158
... sound change . 17. Affected were not only these surviving ME / u : / ' s but also new / u : / that developed from ME / o : / by the GVS . However , this shortening was not a completely regular change . For example , it occurred in sup ...
... sound change . 17. Affected were not only these surviving ME / u : / ' s but also new / u : / that developed from ME / o : / by the GVS . However , this shortening was not a completely regular change . For example , it occurred in sup ...
Inhalt
Chapter | 5 |
Native American Studies Linguistics Humboldt State University Arcata CA 95521 | 13 |
DAVID GOLDSTEIN | 31 |
Urheberrecht | |
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allele American Journal Amerind Amerindian ancestral Ashkenazic Asian Bandelt Biology C2 YanHap Catrimani Cavalli-Sforza cent chromosome cladistic classification cluster Cohanim comparative method consonants correspondences D.C. Wallace dialect communities differentiation discriminant analysis distribution Eastern Eskimo-Aleut estimate Eurasiatic Evolution founder effects Freq frequency gene flow genetic variation genome geographical Golla guages haplogroup haplogroup A mtDNAs historical linguistics Hokan Human Genetics HVRbase individuals isolates J.V. Neel Journal of Human Kaufman Kolman language communities language families Latin Levites macro-unit Macrofamily markers Merriwether microsatellite migration mitochondrial DNA modal haplotype molecular genetic mtDNA variation Na-Dene National Academy Native American Native American mtDNA North Nostratic Old Icelandic origin patterns Penutian phylum polymorphisms private polymorphisms PSPs reconstruction region relationships Renfrew RFLP Rothhammer Salzano samples Sanskrit Sephardic sequence shared SNPs sound change South America Surucucu T.G. Schurr tion Torroni tree tribal tribes UEP Group vowel wordlists World X6 and X7 Y chromosome Y-chromosome Yanomama villages