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OF

ONKELOS AND JONATHAN BEN UZZIEL

ON THE PENTATEUCH;

WITH THE PRAOMENTS OF THE

JERUSALEM TARGUM:

FROM THE CHALDEE.

BY

J. W. ETHERIDGE, M.A.

TRANSLATOR OF THE NEW TESTAMENT FROM THE PESCHITO SYRIAC.

LEVITICUS, NUMBERS, AND DEUTERONOMY.

"THIS provision, (tho Paraphrase,) made by men, was directed by the Ruler of
Providonco, in His lovo for the romnant of His people, to afford us stay and
staff in His Torah, His laws and procopts, till the time of the Rodemption
shall arrivo, when Ho will raise from the dust the fallen tabernacle of David,
and say to the daughter of Zion, Awake, arise."

MEXDELSSOHN.

LONDON:

LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, ROBERTS,

AND GREEN.

1865.

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GLOSSARY

OF HIERATIC AND LEGAL TERMS

IN THE

PENTATEUCH;

ON THE BEST AUTHORITIES, CHRISTIAN AND RABBINICAL.

THE biblical title of the Mosaic writings most usually employed is HA TORAH, "the Law;" from yarah, "to teach," or "direct:"-" the Law of the Lord," to assert its true origin and authority; and "the Law of Moses," to denote the mediatorial agency by which it was given to mankind. The common conventional title, "the Pentateuch," is a combination of the Greek words, τεῦχος, TEUXOS, "a volume," and TévTE, "five;" "the Fivefold Book;" which corresponds with the Rabbinical appellation of Chamishah Chumeshe hattorah," the Five Fifths of the Law." Whether this division was made by the author, or the entire work was composed by him. in one continuous treatise, cannot be fully ascertained. The five books, as we now classify them, are not distinguished in the original Hebrew by any other specific titles than the initial words. Thus Genesis, from its first word, is called Bereshith, "In the beginning; Exodus, Ve Elleh Shemoth, "These are the names;" Leviticus, Vaiyikra, " And he called;" Numbers, Vaidabber, "And he spoke," with the current title of Bemidbar, "In the wilderness;" while Deuteronomy takes its name from the first two words, Elleh Hadde

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barim, "These are the words," or Sepher Debarim, "the Book of the Words."

The general contents of the Pentateuch are,-1. Historical; 2. Legislative. In Genesis the Historical details are given in successive sections called Toledoth, ai yevéoes, histories, especially of the origin of persons or things, from yalad, "to create," or "bring forth." Thus we have the toledoth of the heavens and the earth, from the first verse of the first chapter of Genesis, to the sixth verse of the second chapter. These are followed by the toledoth of Adam, chap. v. 1; of Noah, vi. 9; of the first nations, 10, and the first empire, 11: after which come the toledoth of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph, to the end. In the following books the history, no longer biographical, takes a broader character, and describes the development of the Hebrew nation as such, from the Exodus to the death of Moses. The greater portion of the Pentateuch, however, from the middle of the second to the end of the fifth book, is a digest of the Laws of the Jewish Dispensation, ethical, ritualistic, and secular. The last book condenses both the history and the legislation, by a summary which culminates in a marvellous grandeur of prophecy, whose words of warning and benedictions of grace become, for all time, a Divinely spoken attestation to the Torah as a Revelation from God.

This is all that needs to be said here on the structure of the work at large; my design in these introductory pages being restricted to the simple object expressed at the head, a brief explication of the terminology of the Pentateuch, and not a hermeneutic study of its several parts, for which I refer the student to the learned volumes of Graves and Macdonald, Baehr and Fairbairn, Hävernick, Hengstenberg, and the commentators in general. Nor have I entered even on the question of

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