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and its V-grooves are caused to stand exactly opposite a corresponding number of grooves at the finishing end of the rolls.

In Plate XIV., fig. 1, is a vertical section, and fig. 2, an clevation of the finishing end of a pair of rolls, with the cleanser applied thereto. a, is the bed-plate of the cleanser, which is secured to the bed-plate of the rolls; b, the vertical frame, bolted to the bed-plate a; c, the upper plate of the cleanser, having two grooves 1, 2; d, the lower plate of the cleanser, having two corresponding grooves 1, 2; e, a shaft, carrying an arm or lifter f, which acts in a recess in the moveable plate d, so that when the shaft is turned, by means of the lever g, the plate d, will be raised or lowered: h, h, are the rolls of the ordinary construction.

The iron is first converted, in the usual way, with charcoal, in a refinery, out of refined iron (called "mettle-iron "), and made into lumps, weighing about 1 cwt.; each lump is then taken to the hammer, and hammered into a bar, five or six inches square in the transverse section; and this bar is passed through the rolls until it is reduced to about one inch and a half square, when it will have arrived at the last two grooves of the rolls, where the cleanser is situated. The plate d, being lowered to the position shewn by the dotted lines in fig. 1, the iron is passed through the cleanser, and introduced into the last groove but one of the rolls; the plate d, is then raised, so as to gripe the iron tightly in the left-hand groove of the plates c, and d; and the iron being drawn through the cleanser by the opcration of the rolls, the spill or scale is thereby removed from its surface. When the iron is clear of the rolls, it is passed back over the same, and then passed through the last groove of the cleanser, by which any remaining spill or scale will be removed. The iron inay then be cut into billets, to be afterwards rolled into rods in the usual

manner.

The patentee claims "the employment of a cleanser or scraper, in combination with the ordinary rolls, in the manufacture of charcoal bar-iron, to be used for billets in the manufacture of wire rod-iron and horse-nail rod-iron, in order to free the said bar-iron, so to be used as aforesaid, and at that part of the process of manufacture, from the spill and

scale, which, if not then removed, would have, as heretofore, to be burned off, when the billets are heated in the billetfurnace, to the great detriment of the billet-iron."-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, July, 1848.]

To GEORGE COODE, of Haydock-park, in the county of Lancaster, Esq., for an improved method or methods of distributing over land liquids and substances in a liquid or fluent state; and certain improved apparatus and machinery employed therein.-[Sealed 11th March, 1848.]

THIS invention consists in distributing liquified manures, the drainage of towns, &c., with uniformity, and with as little violence as may be, over land, whether the same be cultivated or not; and also in certain apparatus for effecting this operation.

The patentec, in carrying out his invention, employs an apparatus termed a "distributor," of which he describes three kinds, called, respectively, the parallel, the radial, and the diametral distributors. The apparatus, in every case, consists of two principal parts, viz., first, of a long tube, of a conical shape, termed the delivery-pipe, perforated all over, or only in certain parts, with small holes, for the delivery of the liquid, and made either of some rigid material, such as metal or wood, or of some flexible fabric, such as canvass, enclosed in a rigid frame-work or cradle; and, secondly, of a flexible hose, for feeding the delivery-pipe.

First, with regard to the parallel distributor, the deliverypipe is moved in a direction at right angles to its axis; it is formed with perforations, of equal dimensions, at equal distances apart; and it is mounted upon two wheels. There are two modes in which the parallel distributor may be supplied with liquid by means of the hose. In the first mode, the hose is made in pieces of convenient length (say 40 yards), having at their ends male and female screw union joints; and the pieces are laid in succession on the surface to be watered, in the direction in which the apparatus is to be moved, and doubled in the manner shewn at fig. 1, in Plate

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XIV. One end of the first piece of hose is connected with the tank, reservoir, pump, or other source of supply, by one of the union joints, and the other end is secured to the feeding end (i. e. the largest end) of the distributor. The distributor being moved forward, carries with it the end of the hose, until the piece of hose is pulled out straight; then a compressor (hereafter described) is put upon it, to stop the flow of liquid, and to enable the hose to be detached from the distributor and connected with another piece of hose, laid as before mentioned; and the other end of the second piece of hose is connected with the distributor. The compressor being now taken off the first piece of hose, the liquid flows through the second piece to the distributor, which is then moved forward until the second piece of hose is pulled out straight; a third piece of hose is then connected with the distributor; and when this piece has been pulled out straight, a fourth piece of hose is added; and so on. When the distributor has traversed the whole length of the field or surface to be watered, it is brought back along the other side of the pieces of hose, dragging them successively into the original position in which they were laid, and is detached from each successively.

The compressor may be made of strong wire, bent into a rectangular shape, as shewn at fig. 2, with one end a, formed so as to hold fast a tongue b, through the enlarged end b1, of which the wire passes, so as to form an axis whereon the tongue may turn; or the compressor may be made of the form exhibited at fig. 3, which is more suitable for cases where the liquid in the hose is under great pressure, and consists of two metal jaws c, c, hinged together at d, and connected at the other end by a screw and nut e, by which the amount of compression can be increased at pleasure.

The second mode of supplying the parallel distributor with liquid by means of the hose is as follows:-The delivery-pipe carries a rcel, round which a piece of hose (say 36 yards long) is wound,—one end of this hose being permanently connected with the delivery-pipe, and the other end carrying part of the union joint by which it is connected with the hose that leads to the tank or other source of supply. This last-named

hose is made in pieces about 200 yards long, furnished' at their ends with union joints; upon this hose, at intervals equal to the length of the hose wound around the reel, are T-pieces, furnished with male or female screws, as the case may be; and at each T-joint a compressor is placed. The distributor being brought in succession to each T-joint, and the end of the coiled hose secured to the latter, the liquid flows through the coil of hose into the delivery-pipe, which is then moved on towards the next T-joint-the hose uncoiling as it advances. When the distributor has arrived at the next T-joint, the compressor is placed over the last T-joint; then the uncoiled hose is detached from it, and, after being again wound upon the reel, its end is connected with the second T-joint; and when this has been effected, the compressor is taken off the first T-joint, and the distributor is moved onward as before.

Secondly, with regard to the radial distributor, the delivery-pipe is moved radially around a central point, where its feeding end is connected with the supply hose, and is supported by a pivot moving on a tripod; at a convenient distance from the other end it is supported by a pivot, moving on a carriage furnished with two wheels, which turn like the front wheels of a four-wheeled carriage; and the pipe is made with numerous perforations, increasing in number or sectional area as the square of the distance from the centre. The hose to supply the delivery-pipe is provided with T-joints; but the T-joints are placed in this case at the distance of twice the length of the delivery-pipe, less the versed sine of 60°,-the length of the pipe being the radius. The delivery-pipe will describe a circle round each T-joint; and each circle will overlap a portion of each adjoining circle: therefore, to prevent a double distribution of liquid at the points of intersection, the passage of the liquid is stopped by compressing the pipe, when it is flexible, or by means of a ball-valve within it, when the tube is inflexible.

Thirdly, with regard to the diametral distributor, the delivery-pipe is mounted at the centre of its length upon a standard, on which it turns, so as to distribute the liquid over a circular space in half a revolution. The delivery-pipe has

numerous perforations in it, increasing from the middle to both extremities, in number or sectional area as the square of the distance from the centre. The standard consists of a tube, moving, by means of a telescope joint, in another tube which carries part of the union joint for connecting the hose therewith; and the standard is fixed in a carriage similar to a wheelbarrow. The hose is provided with T-joints, similar to that used with the radial distributor; but the T-joints are set at intervals equal to one diameter, less the versed sine of 60°,—the length of the delivery-pipe being the diameter.

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The patentee claims, as his invention, the distributing of liquids and substances in a liquid and fluent state, by means of the three several arrangements and combinations of apparatus and machinery above described, one or other, or all of them, and according to the peculiar method or methods also above described. He also claims the use of conical delivery tubes and of hose for coiling around reels, both constructed as above described, for the distribution of liquids and liquid substances, whatever may be the method or methods according to which the same are employed.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, September, 1848.]

To HENRY GILBERT, of Saint Leonard's-on-the-Sea, in the county of Sussex, surgeon, for an improved mode or improved modes of operating in dental surgery, and improved apparatus or instruments to be used therein.-[Sealed 20th April, 1848.]

THE first part of this invention consists in so arranging apparatus that a fixed bearing, independent of the extracting instrument, may be offered to the forceps or instruments used for extracting teeth; and the patentee prefers that such apparatus and fixed bearing should be applied to a chair; but this is not essential, so long as a suitable fixed bearing is brought into a proper position, as hereafter described.

In Plate XV., fig. 1, is a front view, and fig. 2, a side view of a chair, provided with a fixed bearing, according to this invention; fig. 3, is an elevation of part of the apparatus, on