The advantage which this dod possesses over that in ordinary use consists simply in its affording a longer space for the clay to pass through in forming the pipe; thereby avoiding the liability to crack, which is occasioned sometimes by the division of the particles of the clay in its passage over the bridge or support for the core i. The clay is, by means of this improved dod, pressed firmly and compactly together, before it leaves the aperture or mouth of the dod in the shape of a manufactured length of pipe.

The third part of the invention consists in the production of certain combinations of pipes of earthenware, pottery, and glass, as follows:-The patentee combines lengths of clusters of pipes together by any of the modes already described; or, instead of employing such clusters, he combines separate pipes by means of a collar of a cluster of pipes (cementing such separate pipes into the collars); and he also employs pipes of earthenware or pottery of the ordinary construction, in combination with internal plugs of a cluster of pipes of short lengths,—such pipes and plugs being held together by external collars, cemented in the usual manner. In the combination last described, the plugs serve as the insulators of the wires; but it will be obvious that, as the derangement of any one wire might destroy the insulation of the others, this mode is not so secure as that firstly described. Fig. 9, is a section, shewing the junction of two lengths of earthenware pipes, with a plug m, fixed therein, through which the glass pipes n, are inserted: these plugs may be made of earthenware, pottery, glass, or other material; but, for this combination, the patentee prefers plugs of gutta-percha. Fig. 10, exhibits the junction of two similar lengths of glass pipes, the plug, in this case, is fixed in its place while in a heated state; the ends of the glass pipes being also heated, and united by a cement, known as "electrical cement," or that which is used in the manufacture of glass electrical apparatus. o, is a glass collar, that covers the junction of the pipes; it is fixed in its place by means of two chases or grooved rings, formed on its inner surface, corresponding with two similar grooved rings on the outer surface of the pipes, into which grooved rings electrical or other cement (such as ma

rine glue) is introduced, and the joint is thus rendered secure. The arrangement shewn at fig. 10, may also be used without the pipes n;-the perforations or passages in the plug serving as insulating supports for the telegraphic wires. The patentee remarks, that when it is desired to use earthenware or pottery pipes, with a series of internal perforated plugs, or plugs of a cluster of pipes, instead of the separate pipes or channels before described, such plugs may be fixed within the lengths of pipe, manufactured in the ordinary way, while the material is soft, in the same manner as joints are now added to pipes by means of softened clay, or material known in the trade as "slip" or "booting clay.'

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The fourth part of the invention consists in a mode of combining pipes of earthenware, pottery, and glass, so as to render them air-tight at the junctions. Fig. 11, is a vertical section, and fig. 12, a plan view, of the ends of two pipes. p, q, shaped and brought together as shewn, and united by means of liquid or semi-liquid cement, poured into the cavity r, and filling the grooved ring s, formed in halves in the ends of the pipes p, q,—a cement, formed of asphalte or guttapercha, is well adapted for the purpose. The joint thus formed will prevent the passage of air, gas, or other fluid, out of the main pipe. If preferred, the grooved ring may be made of any other form in the transverse section (as, for example, the dovetail form represented at fig. 13.) Glass pipes may be connected by an air-tight joint, formed in the manner shewn at fig. 10, by making grooved rings in the collar o, and upon the ends of the pipes, and introducing cement into the same. Pipes connected by these air-tight joints will be suitable for every variety of speaking telegraph, hydraulic telegraph, and for gas and water pipes, and for other uses requiring an air-tight pipe or communication.

The patentee claims, as his invention, Firstly,—a cluster of pipes, channels, or ducts of earthenware or pottery, combined together in the same mass, or within the same external surface, as above described. Secondly, the manufacture of pipes of earthenware or pottery by means of a conical die or dod, as above described. Thirdly, the manufacture, combination, and arrangement of pipes of earthenware, pottery,

J. Watson & E. Cart's, for Impts. in Manufacturing Gas. 187

or glass, with suitable collars and plugs, as above described. Fourthly, the combining pipes of earthenware, pottery, and glass, by means of air-tight joints, constructed and arranged as above described.--[Inrolled in the Rolls Chapel Office, September, 1848.]

TO JOHN WATSON, merchant, and EDWARD CART, Gent., both of Hull, for improvements in the manufacture of gas.-[Sealed 14th February, 1848.]

THE object of this invention is to combine apparatus with an ordinary hot-air stove, for generating gas in proportion to the supply required; which is effected by so arranging the parts of the apparatus, that the supply of material (from which the gas is to be generated) to the retort will be gradually cut off as the gas-holder becomes filled; so that if the supply of gas be not consumed, the retort will not be fed with the material from which it is to be produced, and the generation of gas will consequently cease.

In Plate VIII., a sectional elevation of the apparatus employed by the patentees is exhibited. a, is an ordinary hotair stove, with a retort b, set therein,-the retort may be set. in brickwork or masonry instead of the iron stove; c, is a feed-pipe, that conducts the liquid, from which the gas is to be manufactured, from the reservoir d, to the retort; e, is a cock, upon the feed-pipe, which is opened at the commencement of the operation of making gas, and is closed when the production of gas is no longer desired; and ƒ, is a self-acting cock, provided with a long handle or lever g, connected by the rod h, with the top of the gas-holder i. When the production of gas exceeds the consumption, the gas-holder will rise and close the opening through the cock f, to a corresponding extent, so as to reduce the supply of liquid to the retort; and when the consumption of gas exceeds the production, the gas-holder will fall, and, by opening the cock f to a greater extent, cause an increased supply of liquid to enter the retort: by this means, the amount of gas produced will be regulated by the quantity consumed. The gas passes from the retort into the vessel j, from which it is conducted,

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by the pipe k, into the washer or purifier, and from thence it ascends through the worm-pipe 7, fixed in a cylindrical vessel m, nearly filled with cold water; the upper end of the pipe l, is bent, and dips into the water in the vessel m; and the gas, as it passes therefrom, rises through the water into the gasholder i, the lower edge of which dips into the water in the tank n, that surrounds the vessel m.-o, is the pipe which conveys the gas to the burners.

The heat used in generating the gas may be applied to the ordinary purpose of heating air, in addition to generating gas, or it may be applied to other uses. Although the patentees believe the above apparatus to be the best that can be used for carrying out the invention, yet the details may be varied, so long as the peculiar character of the invention be retained.

The patentees claim, as their invention, the combining of parts into a self-acting gas apparatus, as above described.— [Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, August, 1818.]

To FREDERICK WILLIAM MICHAEL COLLINS and Alfred REYNOLDS, both of Charter-house-square, in the county of Middlesex, engravers and printers, for improvements in the art of ornamenting china, earthenware, and glass. -[Sealed 14th March, 1848.]

THIS invention consists, firstly, in preparing pottery or transfer paper, by covering it with the size hereafter described, and passing it between rollers to make the sized surface smooth, for the purpose of transferring patterns, subjects, devices, or designs, composed of two or more colors, on to china, earthenware, and glass; secondly, in printing or obtaining patterns or devices (which are, when finished on the surface of the tile or other object to be ornamented, to be of two or more colors) on the sized surface of such prepared or ordinary sized paper, either by hand-drawing, or by means of separate blocks, plates, or pieces, one for each color,—such blocks, plates, or pieces, to be covered either with the required colored inks, or with suitable varnish, rolled on in the usual

way, for the purpose of being transferred to china, earthenware, or glass; thirdly, in various modes of transferring the patterns or devices (of two or more colors) on to china, earthenware, or glass, from one piece of transfer-paper.

The new transfer-paper is made by taking the ordinary pottery tissue-paper, now used for transferring, and brushing it over two or three times with a thin size, made by dissolving six parts, by weight, of French starch, two parts of gumarabic, and one part of alum, in hot soft water; each coating is allowed to become quite dry before the next is put on; and when the last coat is dry, the paper is milled with a strong pressure between two smooth rollers, in order to give it a firm and even surface.

On the prepared paper a pattern or device, of two or more colors, is printed or obtained, by hand-drawing, or in various ways from flat surfaces, yielding a full body of color or suitable varnish. To illustrate this part of the invention, the patentees describe the mode of obtaining the required pattern by printing from wooden blocks, on which the various parts of the pattern have been drawn and cut;-the transfer-paper used being of the new kind.

In Plate VII., fig. 1, exhibits a pattern for an ornamental tile, consisting of three colors, blue, red, and yellow, for which three blocks would be required; viz., A, fig. 2, for the blue; B, fig. 3, for the red; and c, fig. 4, for the yellow. If this pattern is to be transferred on to a china or earthenware tile, while in a state of biscuit, the following is the mode of proceeding: The blue color is first printed from the block a, on to the sized surface of the transfer-paper, then the red color from the block B, and lastly the yellow color from the block c; and while the colors are yet wet on the paper, they are transferred, in the ordinary way, on to the biscuit tile, by turning the printed side of the paper down upon it, and pressing the paper gently: when the colors have dried on the tile, the transfer-paper is damped and removed; and then the tile will be ready for the hardening or drying-kiln, and can afterwards be glazed and fired. If it be required to transfer the same pattern, while the colors are wet, from the transfer-paper on to glazed china or carthenware, or on to