7. Saint Germain. 8. Winter Bergamot. 9. Bishop's Thumb. 10. Chaumontel. 11. Summer Bergamot, 16. Williams's Bonchrétien. 18. Long-Island Perry Pear. These pears are those which I recommend in my book on Gardening. I have omitted one or two, because, at the time of grafting, I could not procure cuttings of them from persons whom I could depend upon as to the sort; but the list is, nevertheless, pretty full, and any gentleman with these trees in bis garden, will have a good succession of this table fruit from Midsummer to February. Orders for these trees will be received at Fleet-street, or by letter (postage paid). I suggest the utility of sending in the orders as quickly as convenient; because, if long delayed, the variety is diminished, and the executing of the orders is not so well attended to. Gentlemen will be pleased to give very plain directions, not only with regard to the place whither the trees are to be sent, but also with regard to the mode of conveyance, and the particular inn or wharf where the packages are to be delivered. N. B. The Locusts are all either gonc or ordered. THE WOODLANDS: OR, A TREATISE On the preparing of ground for planting; on the planting; on the cultivating; on the pruning; and on the cutting down of Forest Trees and Underwoods; DESCRIBING The usual growth and size aud the uses of each sort of tree, the seed of each, the season and manner of collecting the seed, the manuer of preserving and of sowing it, and also the manner of managing the young plants until fit to plant out; THE TREES Being arranged in Alphabetical Order, and the List of them, including those of Ame rica as well as those of England, and the English, French, and Latin name being prefixed to the directions relative to each tree respectively. This is a very handsome octavo book, of fine paper and print, price 14s. and it contains matter sufficient to make any man a complete tree-planter. COTTAGE ECONOMY; containing information relative to the Brewing of Beer, Keeping of Cows, Pigs, Bees, Ewes, Goats, Poultry, and Rabbits, and relative to other matters deemed useful in the conducting. the Affairs of a Labourer's Family; to which are added, Instructions relative to the Selecting, the Cutting, and the Bleaching, of the Plants of English Grass and Grain, for the purpose of making Hats and Bonnets; to which is now added, a very minute account (illustrated with a Plate) of the American manner of making Ice-Houses. Price 2s. 6d. A TREATISE on COBBETT'S CORN; containing instruction for propagating and cultivating the plant, and for harvesting and preserving the crop; and also an account of the several uses to which the produce is applied, with minute directions as to each mode of application. Price 5s, 6d. ing of the Face of the Country, the Climate, the Soil, the Products, the Mode of Cultivat ing the Land, the Prices of Laud, of Labour, of Food, of Raiment; of the Expenses of House-Keeping, and of the Usual Manner of Living; of the Manners and Customs of the People, and of the Institutions of the Country, Civil, Political, and Religious. Price 5s. THE ENGLISH GARDENER; or, A Trea-YEAR'S RESIDENCE IN AMERICA; treattise on the Situation, Soil, Enclosing, and Laying-out, of Kitchen Gardens; on the making and managing of Hot-Beds and Green-Houses, and on the Propagation and Cultivation of all sorts of Kitchen Garden Plants, and of Fruit Trees, whether of the Garden or the Orchard; and also, on the Formation of Shrubberies and Flower Gardens; and on the Propagation and Cultivation of the several sorts of Shrubs and Flowers; concluding with a Calendar, giving instructions relative to the Sowings, Plantings, Prunings, and other Labours to be performed in the Gardens in each month of the year. Price 6s. PAPER AGAINST GOLD ; or, The HISTORY and MYSTERY of the NATIONAL DEBT, the BANK of England, the Funds, and all the Trickery of Paper-Money. A new edition. Price 5s. EMIGRANT'S GUIDE. Just published, No. VIII. of COBBETT'S ADVICE TO YOUNG MEN, and incidentally to YOUNG WOMEN. I have begun with the YOUTH," and shall JUST published, at my shop, No. 183, Fleet Street, a volume under this title, price 2s. 6d. in boards, and consisting of ten letters, addressed to English Tax-go to the YOUNG MAN or the BACHELOR, payers, of which letters, the following are the contents: Letter I.-On the Question, Whether it be advisable to emigrate from England at this time? Letter II.-On the Descriptions of Persons to whom Emigration would be most beneficial. Letter III.-On the Parts of the United States to go to, preceded by Reasons for going to no other Country, and especially not to an English Colony. Letter IV.-On the Preparations some time previous to Sailing. Letter V.-Of the sort of Ship to go in, and of the Steps to be taken relative to the Passage, and the sort of Passage; also of the Stores, and other things, to be taken out with the Emigrant. Letter VL-Of the Precautions to be observed while on board of Ship, whether in Cabin or Steerage. Letter VII. Of the first Steps to be taken on Landing. Letter VIII.-Of the way to proceed to get a Farm, or a Shop, to settle in Business, or to set yourself down as an Independent Gentleman. Letter IX.-On the means of Educating Children, and of obtaining literary Knowledge. Letter X.-Of such other Matters, a knowledge relating to which must be useful to every one going from England to the United States. It grieves me very much to know it to be my duty to publish this book; but I cannot refrain from doing it, when I see the alarms and hear the cries of thousands of virtuous families that it may save from utter ruin. SERMONS. There are twelve of these, in one volume, on the following subjects:1. Hypocrisy and Cruelty; 2. Drunkenness; 3. Bribery; 4. Oppression; 5. Unjust Judges; 6. The Sluggard; 7. The Murderer; 8. The Gamester; 9. Public Robbery; 10. The Unnatural Mother; 11. The Sin of Forbidding Marriage; 12. On the Duties of Parsons, and on the Institution and object of Tythes. These Sermons were published separately; while selling in Numbers, some of them exceeded others in point of sale; but, upon the whole, considering them as independent publications, there have been printed of them now, two hundred and eleven thousand. A new edition. Price 38. Gd. POOR MAN'S FRIEND; or, Essays on the Rights and Duties of the Poor. Price 1s. talk the matter over with him as a LOVER, then consider him in the character of HUSBAND; then as FATHER; then as CITIZEN OF SUBJECT. TULL'S HUSBANDRY.-The Horse-hoeing Husbandry; or, A Treatise on the Principles of Tillage and Vegetation; wherein is taught a method of introducing a sort of Vineyard Culture into the Corn-fields, in order to increase their product, and diminish the common expense. By JETHRO TULL. With an Introduction, containing an Account of certain Experiments of recent date, by WILLIAM COBBETT. 8vo. 15s. This is a very beautiful volume, upon fine paper, and containing 466 pages. Price 15s. bound in boards. I knew a gentleman, who, from reading the former edition which I published of TULL, has had land to a greater extent than the whole of my farm in wheat every year, without manure for several years past, and has had as good a crop the last year as in the first year, difference of seasons ouly excepted; and, if I recollect rightly, his crop has never fallen short of thirty-two bushels to the acre. The same may be done by any body on the same sort of land, if the principles of this book be attended to, and its precepts strictly obeyed. in PROTESTANT "REFORMATION, England and Ireland, showing how that event has impoverished and degraded the main body of the people in those countries; in a series of letters, addressed to all sensible and just Englishmen. A new edition, in two volumes; the price of the first volume 4s. 6d., and for the second 3s. 6d. MR. JAMES PAUL COBBETT'S RIDE OF EIGHT HUNDRED MILESIN FRANCE, Second Edition, Price 2s. 6d. This Work contains a Sketch of the Face of the Country, of its Rural Economy, of the Towns and Villages, of Manufactures, and Trade, and of such of the Manners and Customs as materially differ from those of Eugland; ALSO, an Account of the Prices of Land, House, Fuel, Food, Raiment, Labour, and other Things, in different parts of the Country; the design being to exhibit a true picture of the present State of the People of France. To which is added, a General View of the Finances of the Kingdom. To be had at 183, Fleet Street. Printed by William Cobbett, Johnson's-court; and published by him, at 183, Fleet street. VOL. 69.-No. 14.] LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 3D, 1830. [Price 7 d. 44 46 แ day; but I had been apprised even before I left Lynn, that no place had been provided for my accommodation. A gentleman at Lynn gave me the name of one at Ely, who, as he thought, would be glad of an opportunity of pointing out a proper place, and of "The cause of the use of this false appella-speaking about it; but just before I set "tion, learned languages,' is this, that those off from Lynn, I received a notification "who teach them in England have, in con- from this gentleman, that he could do sequence of their teaching, very large estates nothing in the matter. I knew that Ely “in house and land, which are public pro- was a small place, but I was determined perty, but which are now used for the sole "benefit of those teachers, who are, in gene- to go and see the spot where the militiaral, the relations or dependents of the aris- men were flogged, and also determined tocracy. In order to give a colour of rea- to find some opportunity or other of re"sonableness to this species of appropriation, lating that story as publicly as I could "the languages taught by the possessors, are "called the learned languages'; and which at Ely, and of describing the tail of the appellation is, at the same time, intended to story; of which I will speak presently. "cause the mass of the people to believe, that Arrived at Ely, I first walked round the "the professors and learners of these lan- beautiful cathedral, that honour to our "guages are, in point of wisdom, far superior Catholic forefathers, and that standing "to other men; and to establish the opinion, "that all but themselves are unlearned per- disgrace to our Protestent selves. It is sous. In short, the appellation, like many impossible to look at that magnificent "others, is a trick which fraud has furnished pile without feeling that we are a fallen "for the purpose of guarding the snug pos- race of men. The cathedral would, leavsessors of the property against the consequences of the people's understanding the ing out the palace of the bishop, and "matter.-COBBETT'S ENGLISH GRAMMAR, the houses of the dean, canons, and Letter XXI. prebendaries, weigh more, if it were put into a scale, than all the houses in the town, and all the houses for a mile round the neighbourhood, if you exclude Cambridge, 28th March, 1830. the remains of the ancient monasteries. I WENT from Hargham to Lynn on You have only to open your eyes to be Tuesday, the 23d; but owing to the convinced that England must have been disappointment at Thetford, every thing a far greater and more wealthy country was deranged. It was market-day at in those days than it is in these days. Lynn, but no preparations of any sort The hundreds of thousands of loads of had been made, and no notification stone, of which this cathedral and the given. I therefore resolved, after stay-monasteries in the neighbourhood were ing at Lynn on Wednesday, to make a built, must all have been brought by sea short tour, and to come back to it again. from distant parts of the kingdom. These This tour was to take in Ely, Cambridge, foundations were laid more than a thouSt. Ives, Stamford, Peterborough, Wis-sand years ago; and yet there are vagabeach, and was to bring me back to bonds who have the impudence to say Lynn, after a very busy ten days. I was that it is the Protestant religion that has particularly desirous to have a little made England a great country. Ely is political preaching at Ely; the place what one may call a miserable little where the flogging of the English local town: very prettily situated, but poor militia under a guard of German bayonets and mean. Every thing seems to be on cost me so dear. I got there about noon the decline, as, indeed, is the case every1 on Thursday, the 25th, being market- where, where the clergy are the masters. P EASTERN TOUR. They say that this bishop has an income picked up a sort of labouring man, askof £18,000 a year. He and the deaned him if he recollected when the local and chapter are the owners of all the militia-men were flogged under the land and tithes, for a great distance guard of the Germans; and, receiving round about, in this beautiful and most an answer in the affirmative, I asked productive part of the country; and yet him to go and show me the spot, which this famous building, the cathedral, is he did; he showed me a little common in a state of disgraceful irrepair and dis-along which the men had been marchfigurement. The great and magnificent ed, and into a piece of pasture-land, windows to the east have been shortened where he put his foot upon the identical at the bottom, and the space plastered spot where the flogging had been exeup with brick and mortar, in a very cuted. On that spot, I told him what slovenly manner, for the purpose of I had suffered for expressing my indigsaving the expense of keeping the glass nation at that flogging. I told him that in repair. Great numbers of the windows a large sum of English money was now in the upper part of the building have every year sent abroad to furnish halfbeen partly closed up in the same man-pay and allowances to the officers of ner, and others quite closed up. One those German troops, and to maintain door-way, which apparently had stood the widows and children of such of them in need of repair, has been rebuilt in as were dead; and I added, "You have modern style, because it was cheaper;" to work to help to pay that money; and the churchyard contained a flock" part of the taxes which you pay on of sheep acting as vergers for those who "your malt, hops, beer, leather, soap, live upon the immense income, not a "candles, tobacco, tea, sugar, and every penny of which ought to be expended" thing else, goes abroad every year to upon themselves while any part of this" pay these people: it has thus been beautiful building is in a state of irrepair." going abroad ever since the peace; This cathedral was erected" to the" and it will thus go abroad for the rest honour of God and the Holy Church."" of your life, if this system of managMy daughters went to the service in the "ing the nation's affairs continue; and afternoon, in the choir of which they" I told him that about one million seven saw God honoured by the presence of" hundred thousand pounds had been two old men, forming the whole of the" sent abroad on this account, since the congregation. I dare say, that in Catholic" peace." times, five thousand people at a time have been assembled in this church. The cathedral and town stand upon a little hill, about three miles in circumference, raised up, as it were, for the purpose, amidst the rich fen land by which the hill is surrounded, and I dare say that the town formerly consisted of houses built over a great part of this hill, and of, probably, from fifty to a hundred thousand people. The people do not now exceed above four thousand, including the bed-ridden and the babies. Having no place provided for lecturing, and knowing no single soul in the place, I was thrown upon my own resources. The first thing I did was to walk up through the market, which contained much more than an audience sufficient for me; but, leaving the market people to carry on their affairs, I When I opened, I found that this man was willing to open too; and he uttered sentiments that would have convinced me, if I had not before been convinced of the fact, that there are very few, even amongst the labourers, who do not clearly understand the cause of their ruin. I discovered that there were two Ely men flogged upon that occasion, and that one of them was still alive and residing near the town. I sent for this man, who came to me in the evening when he had done his work, and who told me that he had lived seven years with the same master when he was flogged, and was bailiff or head man to his master. He has now a wife and several children; is a very nice-looking, and appears to be a hard-working, man, and to bear an excellent character. But how was I to harangue? For I was determined not to quit Ely without man had, in case of need, a clear right something of that sort. I had told this to a share of the produce of the land. labouring man who showed me the flog-I explained to them how the poor were ging spot, my name, which seemed to originally relieved; told them that the surprise him very much, for he had revenues of the livings, which had their heard of me before. After I had re- foundation in charity, were divided turned to my inn, I walked back again amongst the poor. The demands for through the market amongst the far-repair of the churches, and the clergy mers; then went to an inn that looked themselves; I explained to them how out upon the market-place, went into church-rates and poor-rates came to be an up-stairs room, threw up the sash, introduced; how the burden of mainand sat down at the window, and look-taining the poor came to be thrown ed out upon the market. Little groups upon the people at large; how the nation soon collected to survey me, while I sat had sunk by degrees ever since the event in a very unconcerned attitude. The called the Reformation; and, pointing farmers had dined, or I should have towards the cathedral, I said, "Can you found out the most numerous assem- "believe,gentlemen, that when that magblage, and have dined with them. The" nificent pile was reared, and when all next best thing was, to go and sit down" the fine monasteries, hospitals, schools, in the room where they usually dropped" and other resorts of piety and charity, in to drink after dinner; and, as they "existed in this town and neighbournearly all smoke, to take a pipe with" hood; can you believe, that Ely was them. This, therefore, I did; and, after "the miserable little place that it now a time, we began to talk. The room" is; and that that England which had was too small to contain a twentieth" never heard of the name of pauper, part of the people that would have come "contained the crowds of miserable in if they could. It was hot to suffo-creatures that it now contains, some cation; but, nevertheless, I related to "starving at stone-cracking by the them the account of the flogging, and "way-side, and others drawing loaded of my persecution on that account; and" wagons on that way?" 66 66 I related to them the account above A young man in the room (I having stated with regard to the English money come to a pause) said; "But, Sir, were now sent to the Germans, at which they" there no poor in Catholic times?" appeared to be utterly astonished. I had "Yes," said I, "to be sure there were. not time sufficient for a lecture; but I" The Scripture says, that the poor shall explained to them briefly the real cause never cease out of the land; and there of the distress which prevailed; I warn-" are five hundred texts of Scripture ed the farmers particularly against the enjoining on all men to be good and consequences of hoping that this distress" kind to the poor. It is necessary to would remove itself. I portrayed to the existence of civil society, that them the effects of the taxes; and show-" there should be poor. Men have two ed them that we owe this enormous" motives to industry and care in all burden to the want of being fairly re-" the walks of life: one, to acquire presented in the Parliament. Above all" wealth; but the other and stronger, things, I did that which I never fail to" to avoid poverty. If there were no do, showed them the absurdity of " poverty, there would be no industry, grumbling at the six millions a year 66 no enterprise. But this poverty is not given in relief to the poor, while they" to be made a punishment unjustly were silent, and seemed to think nothing "severe. Idleness, extravagance, are of the sixty millions of taxes collected" offences against morality; but they by the Government at London; and I" are not offences of that heinous nature asked them how any man of property" to justify the infliction of starvation could have the impudence to call upon" by way of punishment. It is, therethe labouring man to serve in the mi-" fore, the duty of every man that is litia, and to deny that that labouring" able; it is particularly the duty of |