The purified liquor is now drawn off from the vessel, and is filtered through bags containing animal charcoal; or charcoal and bullock's blood, may be introduced into the liquor before it is filtered, for the purpose of assisting its purification.

The boiling process follows, by which the juice becomes crystallized, and in its semi-fluid state is poured into moulds where it cools, and condenses into solid lumps or loaves of refined sugar.

By these means the ordinary process of making loaf sugar is considerably shortened, as it is common to bring the sugar into a dry granulated form, and then to melt it into syrup and clarify it before it is poured into the moulds, but here it is taken from the boiler and cast into loaves or lumps without any intermediate operation. [Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, April, 1831.]

To SIR CHARLES WEBB DANCE, of Hartesbourne Manor Place, in the parish of Bushey, in the county of Herts, knight, lieutenant colonel, for his invention of certain improvements in packing and transporting goods. [Sealed 5th August, 1830.]

THE object of the Patentee is to prevent the inconvenience of unpacking and packing goods of various kinds which have to be transported to a distance, perhaps first by a waggon, then by a rail-road carriage, and, lastly by shipping.

It is proposed to construct suitable frames of moderate dimensions, having a platform as a bottom and sides, in which the goods are to be packed. The under side of the

platform is to have an axle-tree or two axle-trees, to which wheels may be attached for transporting the package upon ordinary roads.

These platforms or frames for the passage of goods should be constructed, both in shape and dimensions, to suit the carriages in which they are to be placed for travelling on rail-ways, and in that case the wheels are to be removed, and the axle-tree turned round out of the way under the platform, they being attached to the frame by joints, for the purpose of being shifted, and are held fast, when in use by springs and catches.

When put on ship board, the frames are proposed to be turned bottom upwards for the convenience of packing, and small arms may be made to the sides of the platform, by which the load can be readily raised and lowered by chains or ropes attached to ordinary cranes.

These are all the points mentioned in the Specification, and no drawings are given of any particular form, or con struction of frame.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, February, 1831.]

TO BENJAMIN COWLE TYZACH, THOMAS STOREr Dobinson, and JOHN ROBINSON, all of North Shields, in the county of Northumberland, for their invention of certain improvements in windlasses, or machinery for winding up the cable, which they denominate Tyzach, Dobinson, and Company's compound lever windlass.— [Sealed 4th August, 1832.]

IN the ordinary construction of windlasses the power of the men is exerted by means of levers or hand spikes, in for

cing round the barrel upon which the cable is wound; in the present improved plan the power is to be applied to a ratchet wheel, near the end of the barrel, which is to be forced round by a series of pauls inclosed in a box, the box having a lever movement given to it.

Plate III, fig. 10, is a perspective view of a ship's windlass, with the improvements at one end, the same is to be applied at both ends of the barrel if required, that is both at the starboard and larboard side; and that would be found to be the most complete way of fitting the windlass, though it would act very well, if only fitted to one end or side of the windlass.

The block or ordinary paul bit carrying the paul is shewn at a; the ordinary toothed or ratchet wheel at b; and the barrel of the windlass at c, c, the axis of which turns as usual in the bit heads d, d; such is the description of an ordinary windlass. There is however, another toothed ratchet wheel fastened at the end of the barrel of the windlass, where the apparatus commonly called garrick wheels are sometimes placed. This is hidden in the fig. by a box e, attached, and enclosing the ratchet wheel and a series of palls.

Fig. 11, represents the creeper or box, with one side, which may be called the cover, removed, to show the position and action of the pauls which are within it, upon the ratchet-wheel.

It will be observed, that on the side of this ratchetwheel a smaller circle is formed below the teeth, and on this circle or boss the sides of the paul-box or creeper, which are screwed together to form the box, fit and turn easily; so that, when the end of the paul-box or creeper is depressed, the pauls drop down into other teeth in the ratchet-wheel, and remains stationary with the windlassbarrel.

If, after the end, f, of the box or creeper, e, has been depressed, it be again raised, the pauls in the box will act against the teeth of the ratchet-wheel, and force it and the barrel of the windlass to which it is affixed, round in the direction of the arrow. The mode of raising and depressing the end, f, of this paul-box or creeper is by means of a lever or crank, g, and rod, h, shown in fig. 10.

There is a bar or axis, i, i, called the main or warpingshaft, passing along parallel to the windlass-barrel, taking its central bearing in the block or paul-bit, and at each end turning on a bearing in the bit-heads, d, d. At each end of this bar, on the outside of the bit-heads, there is a double-armed socket, k, k, which sockets are intended to receive the ends of the levers' handles, m, m, m, m, shown in their places.

To the crank-arms or levers, g, the short rods, h, are attached, which are also connected to the ends of the creepers. The levers or handles, m, m, can be worked up and down by manual or other power, and by the operation of the paul and ratchet the windlass will be driven round with great force at every upstroke of the creeper or ratchetbox.

It is only necessary further to state that if it be desired to give a continuous motion to the windlass, it will merely be required to place the warping shaft at an angle with the windlass barrel, and to let the short arms or cranks g, project from opposite sides of the warping shaft, there being a creeper or paul box at each end.

The Specification concludes by saying, "now whereas we claim as our invention the creeper here shown moving on and round the side bosses of the ratchet wheel, and forcing round the windlass barrell by means of the pauls within it connected with the compound lever, for the purpose of giving increased power to its action, whether the

said creeper be applied to the ends of the windlass barrel as here shown, or to the centre or any other part that may be found more convenient.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, October, 1832.

A Patent has just been obtained by Mr. Affleck, of Dumfries, for a method of removing bars and sand banks, or other accumulations of soil from the mouths of harbours and rivers. The means are simple, and we understand they have been found to be efficacious, having been for some time past in operation on the southern coast of Scotland.

A temporary wear is formed partly accross the river or at the mouth of the harbour by means of movable parts of the apparatus which contracts, or in some degree concentrates the running water.

This concentrated current is by means of the wear directed to any part of the sand bank or bar intended to be operated upon; and over that part, a machine having a number of rotary peckers mounted upon a platform is placed for the purpose of breaking up the ground or disturbing the sand. The current is then let out, and the peckers set to work, when the force of the water carries out to a very considerable distance the materials, and leaves a clear water way of sufficient depth for the passage of vessels over the bar or sand bank.