and so on, finishing with the black outlines which complete the picture.

If the same is to be done by lithography, there must be as many stones, as there are to be colours, each to print its portion only; and the impression or part of the picture given by one stone must be exactly fitted into by the impression given from the next stone, and so on until the whole subject is complete.

A superior kind of card is proposed to be made, with gold or silver devices in parts of the pictures, or gold or silver borders round the pips. This is to be effected by printing the lines which are to appear as gold or silver, with gilder's size, in place of ink or colour; and immediately after the impression has been given, the face of the card is to be powdered over with gold dust, silver, or bronze, by means of a soft cotton or wool dabber, by which the gold, silver, or bronze will be made to adhere to the picture, and the superflous portions of the metal will wipe off by a very slight rubbing. When the prints are perfectly dry, the face of the card may be polished by means of a soft brush.

If it should be desirable to make these improved cards to resemble ivory, that may be done by preparing the face of the paper in the first instance with a composition of size and fine French white, and a drying oil, mixed together to about the consistence of cream; this is to be washed over the paper, and dried before printing, and when the cards are finished, they will exactly resemble ivory.

The only thing remaining to be described, is the means by which the successive impressions of the types, blocks, or stones forming the parts of the pictures, are to be brought exactly to join each other, so as to form a perfect whole design when complete; this is by printers called registering, and is to be effected much in the usual

way, by points in the tympan of the press, or by marks the stones.

upon

The parts of the subject having been all accurately cut or drawn to fit, small holes are to be made with a fine awl through a quire or more of the paper at once, by placing upon the paper a guage plate, having marks or guide holes, and by observing these, the same sheet laid on several times, and always made to correspond with the points or marks, the several parts of the picture must inevitably register, and produce a perfect subject.—[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, August, 1832.]

TO RICHARD WILLIAMS, of College Wharf, Belvidere Road, Lambeth, Surrey, engineer, for his invention of certain improvements in steam engines.-[Sealed 28th February, 1831.]

THE whole subject of this invention is explained by the Patentee, in his Specification, in about two lines of writing. His object he says, is to render more regular the action of an engine worked by expansive steam, and with this view, he employs a loaded fly wheel which shall revolve with twice the speed of the working piston, so that it may assist the piston, both in its ascending and descending stroke.

No drawings are appended of any plan for effecting this object, nor is there another word of explanation given.— [Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, August, 1831.]

TO RICHARD TREVITHIC, of Aith, in the county of Cornwall, engineer, for his invention of an improved steam engine. [Sealed 21st February, 1831.]

THE objects proposed under this Patent are, first, constructing the boiler or steam generator within the condensor, for the purpose of affording greater security from the effects of accidental explosion; and at the same time giving to the condensor a more extended surface. Secondly, enclosing the condensor in an air or water vessel surrounding the boiler in order to increase the security, and which renders the apparatus, as the Patentee expresses it, "a perfectly safe high pressure engine." Thirdly, causing a current of cold air, or cold water, to act continually against the surfaces of the condensor, which will greatly promote the condensation of the eduction steam. Fourthly, returning the condensed water into the boiler, and thereby feeding it with pure water, which will prevent deposition and the accruing of fur within the boiler. Fifthly, the employment of the current of air used for cooling the condensor as a blast for urging the fire of the furnace.

These principles of novelty as adapted to high pressure steam engines, appear to be claimed in their largest latitude, and do not seem to be confined to any particular forms of construction, for the Patentee has not accompanied his Specification with drawings explanatory of his mode of applying his suggested invention, but merely describes the improvements as inclosed within a cylindrical vessel in the following way :

The furnace is to be formed as the frustrum of a cone, the base supporting the fire bars, and the upper part forming the flue. Surrounding this is a cylindrical vessel to contain water, the inner surface of the vessel being the

conical flue, and the outer or cylindrical part of the vessel is to be surrounded with a stratum of pulverised charcoal or some other imperfect conductor of heat. Beyond this there is to be a cylindrical space all round, of about an inch or two, formed by the inner surface of a cylindrical vessel containing water, which is the condensor, and without this, at the distance of an inch or two, is a cylindrical jacket inclosing the whole.

The cylindrical space thus formed between the jacket and the condensor is designed for the passage of a current of cold air, to be forced in by means of a blowing apparatus contiguously placed, and from which a tube leads to conduct the air. By this contrivance the outer surface of the condensor will be cool, and the current of air passing by apertures through the condensor will then act upon the inner surface of the condensor and cool it also, from thence the current of air will proceed under the boiler into the furnace, and promote the rapid combustion of the fuel.

Passages and valves must be provided for conducting the steam from the boiler to the working cylinder of the engine, and also from the eduction valves of the cylinder to the condensor; suitable pumps must also be provided for forcing the water from the condensor into the boiler in order to feed it. But the particular forms and arrangements of the parts, will depend upon the dimensions of the engine and other circumstances, such as the purpose to which it is to be applied. [Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, August, 1831.]

VOL. II.

K

To WILLIAM AUGUSTUS ARCHBOLD, of Vere-street, Cavendish-square, in the county of Middlesex, gentleman, for his invention of an improvement in the preparing or making of certain sugars.—[Sealed 19th October, 1830.]

66

THE Patentee commences his Specification by saying, that he employs the same process as that for which he understands a Patent has been granted to Marmaduke Robinson, of Great George Street, Westminster, in the county of Middlesex, dated 5th August, 1830, for “ certain improvements in the process of making and purifying sugars," for the Specification of which Patent see the 8th Vol. of our London Journal of Arts, Second Series, page 258. The object, however, of the present Patent is to carry the process farther than was contemplated by the former, in as much as the improved preparation or mode of making sugar from cane juice, was intended only to produce that kind of brown sugar called Muscovado, but in the present instance it is proposed not only to refine it, but also to bring the sugar directly into the form of a lump or loaf of white sugar.

Without going over the description of the process, which is almost a verbatim copy of that above alluded to, it is only necessary to say in general terms that the first object is to deprive the sugar of any acid it may contain by mixing with the cane juice milk of lime, until, by the employment of chemical tests, it is found to be in a neutral state. Then the heating process is to be applied by steam pipes coiled round the interior of a wooden vessel filled with the neutrallized juice, and having brought the liquor nearly to the boiling point, it is then allowed to cool for the purpose of precipitating all the heavy dross to the bottom, and raising the scum to the top.