Earthquake Areas of the Earth.

Races of Mankind.

THE following is compiled from the arrangement by Ethnologist Figuier and others:

WHITE RACE,

Teutonic Family.......Scandinavians, Germans, English.

Latin Family.

European
Brauch.

Hyperborean
Branch.

Slavonian Family......Russians, Finns, Bulgarians. Servians, Magyars, Croats,
Greek Family..
Tchecks, Poles, Lithuanians.

...French, Spaniards, Italians, Moldo-Wallachians.

.................Greeks, Albanians.

.Egyptians, Berbers.

Arabs, Jews, Syriaus,

Persians, Afghans, Kurds, Armenians, Ossetines.

Circassian Family......Circassians, Mingrelians.

Tunguse Family,

YELLOW RACE.

Samolede, Kamtsehadale, Esquimau, Tenissian, Jukaghirite,

and Koriak Families.

Mongols, Kalmucks, Buriats.

Tanguses, Manchus,

..Turcomans, Kirghis, Nogays, Osmanlis.

Yakuts.

.Chinese.

Japanese Family ......Japanese.

Indo-Chinese Family.. Burmese, Siamese.

Abyssinian Family.

BROWN RACE,

Sikhs, Jats, Rajpoots, Mahrattas, Bengalese, Cingalese.
Malabars, Tamals, Telingas

Abyssinians, Berabras, Gallas.

Georgian Family.......Georgians,

(Lapp Family......

Mongol Family

Turk Family..

Yakut Family

Sinaic

Chinese Family.

Branch.

Hindoo

(Hindoo Family.

Branch.

Malabar Family.

Ethiopian

Branch.

Fijians, New Caledonians, etc.

Fellan Family,

Malay Family

Polynesian Family

Fellans.

Malays, Javanese, Battas, Bougis. Maccassars. Dyaks, Togals. ....Maoris, Tongas, Tahitians, Pomotomans, Marquesans, Sandwichians.

Micronesian Family....Ladrone, Caroline, and Mulgrave Islanders,

RED RACE,

Quichuas (or Incas), Antis, Andians, Araucanians,
Patagonians, Puelches, Charruas, Tobas, Moxas, Abipous, etc.
.Gitaranis, Bocotudos.

Southern Family...... Aztecs, Mayas, Lencas, Othomis, Tarascas, etc.
Northeastern Family Cherokees, Hurons, Iroquois, Sioux, Apaches, Comanches,

Creeks, etc.

Northwestern Family. Chinooks, Digger Indiaus, Nootkans, etc.

BLACK RACE.

Andaman Family......Andamans, Australians.

Earthquake Areas of the Earth.

MAJOR DE MONTESSUS DE BALORE, after years of labor, has drawn up a catalogue of 130,000 shocks, of which trustworthy details have been procured, and this indicates with some scientific accuracy how the symptoms of seismic activity are manifested over the earth's surface. of observation includes generally the last fifty years; but there is no reason to suppose that a longer time would materially affect the proportionate numbers. The appended figures, drawn from M. de The period Montessus's statisties, will give an idea of the general result:

The most shaken countries of the world are Italy, Japan, Greece, South America (the Pacific coast), Java, Sicily, and Asia Minor. tralia, Russia, Siberia, Scandinavia, and Canada. The lands most free from these convulsions are Africa, Austhey are most severe. less numerons, being often very disastrous. Loss of life in many cases depends, however, on density But to this general statement there are exceptions-Indian shocks, though As a rule, where earthquakes are most frequent of population rather than on the intensity of the earth movement. registered more seismic tremors than Spain and Portugal, but France In historic times has experienced uo earthquake disaster approaching the havoc wrought by the one calamity at Lisbon, Numerically, also, France has

The Geological Strata.

The Geological Strata.

65

THE strata composing the earth's crust is divided by most geologists into two great classes: 1. Those generally attributed to the agency of water. 2. To the action of fire; which may be subdivided as follows: (a) Aqueous formations, stratified rarely crystaliine (sedimentary or fossiliferous rocks; metamorphic or unfossiliferous), (b) Igneous formations, unstratified, crystalline (volcanic, as basalt: plutonic, as granite).

The geological record is lassified into five main divisions or periods: 1. The Archæan, lifeless and dawn of life. 2. The Palæozoic (ancient life). 3. The Mesozoic (middle life). 4. The Cenozoic (recent life). 5. Quaternary, the age in which man's first appearance is indicated.

Paleozoic
Period.

Age of Coal
Plants.

1 Lower.

3. Purbeck,

Jurassic 2. Oōlite.

1. Lias.

4. Rhætic

7 Trias- 3 Upper.
2. Midale
1. Lower

SIC.

3. Permian,

Neocomian. Lower Greensand.

Wealden.

Purbeck Portland Kimmeridge.

Oxford Oolites. Lower of Bath Oölite.

1 Lower Lias. 2 Maristone. 3. Upper

Lias.

Dachstein beds; Alpine
Trias in part.

Muschelkalk Bunter Sandstein,

Kösser beds

Keuper

2. Magnesian Limestone

1. Lower Red Sandstone, or Rothli3. Upper Coal Measures.

Carboniferous 2. Carboniferous. 2. Lower Coal Measures.

4. Portage.
3. Hamilton,

stone.

Catskill Red Sandstone.
Chemung.

Portage.

Genesee Slate.

Hamilton beds.

Marcellus Shale.

Upper Helderberg, Scho-
harie Grit.

Oriskany Sandstone.

Lower Helderberg.

Onondaga Salt Group.

Water Lime.

Old Red Sandstone.

Salina beds.

3. Niagara Group. Wenlock Group. 2. Clinton Group.

Upper

1. Medina Sandstone. } Llandovery.

3. Hudson River beds. Cincinnati Group. Lower Llandovery.

2. Utica Shales.

1. Trenton Limestone.

Bala Limestone.

Black River Limestone.
Chazy Limestone.

Calciferous Sandrock.

stone.

Caradoc and

Magnesiar

Lower, Middle, and Upper Cambrian.

Eozoic (dawn of life). 1. Laurentian.

Archæan Period.

Azoic (lifeless).

Huronian,

66

Table of Magnetic Declinations.

Table of Magnetic Declinations

OR VARIATION OF COMPASS FOR JANUARY, 1914-WITH THE ANNUAL CHANGE BETWEEN 1905 AND 1910 FOR THE PRINCIPAL PLACES IN THE UNITED STATES.

A plus (+) sign to the annual change denotes that the declination is increasing, and a minus (—) sign the reverse. (Specially prepared for THE WORLD ALMANAC in the Office of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.)

Ala.......

Montgomery.

Mobile........
Huntsville.

Alaska... Sitka..

Kodiak.

St. Michael..
Dutch Harbor..
Kiska.......

Ariz...... Prescott......

Ark..

Cal......

о

32 22 86 18 2 47 E
30 42 88 03 4 33 E+
34 44 86 35 3 41 E

57 03135 20 30 13 E + 3
57 48 152 24 23 53 E
63 29 162 01 21 09 E
53 53 166 32 15 44 E
51 59 12 28 7 40 E
34 84 112 30 15 04 +
32 44 114 37 14 55 E+ 5
31 20110 56 13 19 E+ 5
Little Rock.. 34 44 92 16 6 40 +1
Sacramento.. 38 34121 30 17 59 E+ 5
San Francisco..37 48 122 25 18 19 E+ 5
Los Angeles...... 34 04 118 15 15 85 +5
San Diego..... 32 43 117 12 15 2) E+ 5

Yuma.
Nogales...

Denver........ 39 45 105 00 14 52 E+3

Col
Conn

Del..

Hartford.....
New Haven.....
Dover.

41 46, 72 40,11 24W+6

Ohio...

Pa.

Harrisburg.

Philadelphia.

39 58

75 10 8 20 W

Allegheny

40 29

80 01 4 20 W

R. I.
S. C.

Providence.

41 50

Oregon... Portland....

Florida... Tallahassee

Jacksonville..

Georgia Atlanta..

Savannah..

Idaho...... Boisé.

Illinois... Springfield.
Chicago..

Indiana.. Indianapolis..

Fort Wayne..

Keokuk.

Iowa....... Des Moines.

32 058) 05, 004W+
43 37 116 1220 02 E
39 50 89 39 4 29 E
41 54 87 37 2 55 E
39 47 86 0 1 32 E- 2
41 03 85 03 009 W +
41 36 93 36 8 04 E
6 01 E

40 23 91 23

39 02 95 43 9 28 E+ 2
38 28 99 54 11 19 E + 2
38 04 84 30 0 32 E

4 29 E

37 05 88 37
38 15 85 46 1 43 E
30 27 91 11 6 12 E+
30 00 90 05 5 40 E+
32 30 93 45 7 28 E+ 2
44 48 68 48 18 09 W + 6
43 39 70 17 15 34W+6
44 54 66 59 19 54 W + 6
38 59 76 29 6 17W + 4
39 16 76 35 6 27 W + 4
42 22 71 04 14 04 W +6
42 27 73 17 12 09 W
42 44 84 82 0 49 W 2
42 2183 0 1 42W + 3
46 33 87 22 1 23 E
44 58 93 05 8 03 E+ 1
46 46 92.04 6 45 E 0
32 12 90 12 6 04 E+1
34 22 89 33 5 18 E+ 1

Columbia...
Charleston...
S. Dak.... Pierre.......
Yankton...
Tenn....... Nashville..

71 24 12 54 W 34 00 81 02 0 26 W 32 47 79 56 0 41W 44 22 100 22 13 18 + 42 53 97 25 11 27 E 36 09 86 48 3 26 E

Knoxville..

29 47 95 20 8 14 E+ 2
29 18 94 47 7 54 E+ 2
31 46 106 29 12 36 E+ 4
40 46 111 64 17 16 E+
41 13 112 00 18 16 E+ 4
44 15 72 32 14 39 W +6
44 28 73 12 13 24 W + 6
37 32 77 26 4 41 W +
36 52 76 17 5 16W+4
37 25 79 09 3 13 W + 3
47 02 122 54 23 20 E+ 5

Walla Walla..... 46 04 118 21 22 09 E.

527 12 3 W 5 7 10 7 W 0 36 44 7 W 0 12 17 3 W Lt. denotes a light-house.

↑ IIighest latitude in US territory.

MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY, IN PERCENTAGES.

From a table prepared by the United States Weather Bureau, showing the monthly and annual values of relative humidity at regular Weather Bureau stations in the United States, based upon observations made at 8 A.M. and 8 P.M. respectively, 75th meridian time and covering a period of about 14 years of record. Jan. Feb. Mar. | Apt. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann'l