Horace Cory, of Harrow-street, Limehouse, bachelor of medicine, for improvements in the manufacture of white lead. Nov. 3; six months.

Charles Callis, Baron Western, of Rivenhall, Essex, for an improvement in drills, for the purpose of drilling corn, grain, seeds, pulse, and manure. November 3; six months.

William Morgan, of New-cross, Surrey, gent., for improvements in the generation of steam. Nov. 3; six months.

Adolphus Henri Erneste Ragon, of Great Portland-street, professor of literature, for improvements in the manufacture of glass, and in the production of other vitrified matters applicable to architectural purposes. Nov. 3; six months.

Edward Cooper, of Piccadilly, for improvements in the manufacture of paper, being a communication Nov. 3; six from a foreigner residing abroad. months.

Charles Flude, of Liverpool, chemist, for improvements in applying heat for generating steam, and for general manufacturing and other useful purposes, where heat is required; and also for an im proved mode of supplying steam-boilers with hot water, the said improvements having for their object the economy of steam. Nov. 3; six months.

Jerome Deville, of Crutched-friars, coach-builder, for improvements in railroads, and in carriages used thereon. Nov. 3; six months.

James Bernington, of Charles-place, Shoreditch. veterinary surgeon of cavalry, for improvements in knapsacks. Nov. 3; six months.

William Henry James, late of Birmingham, but now of Lambeth, for improvements in apparatus for heating, generating, and cooling fluids, and in engines to be actuated by such fluids, parts of which improvements are applicable to the raising and forcing fluids. Nov. 6; six months.

Robert Beart, of Godmanchester, Huntingdon, miller, for improvements in apparatus for filtering Liquids. Nov. 6; six months.

Luke Hebert, of Bristol-road, Birmingham, for a new or improved process or processes for embalming the dead, aud for preserving corpses for anatomical purposes, being a communication from a foreigner residing abroad. Nov. 6; six months.

Moses Poole, of Lincoln's-Inn, gent.. for improvements in apparatus or machinery for obtaining rotatory motion, being a communication from a foreigner residing abroad. Nov. 8; six months.?

John Juckes, of Shropshire, gent., for improvements in steam-engine boilers, and in apparatus for feeding furnaces and fire-places, and for the more effectual combustion of the smoke and gases arising therefrom. Nov. 8; six months.

Bryan I' Anson Bromwich, of Clifton-on-Teme, gent., for improvements in machinery to be worked by the application of the expansive force of air or other elastic fluids, to obtain motive power. Nov. 8; six months.

John Small, of Old Jewry, London, merchant, for improvements in filtering liquids, being a communication from a foreigner residing abroad. Nov. 8; six months.

Henry Huntley Mohun, of Regent's-park, M.D., for improvements in the composition and manufacture of fuel, and in furnaces for the consumption of such and other kinds of fuel. Nov. 8; six months. Thomas Mayos Woodyatt, of Cookly, screw manufacturer, and Samuel Harrison, of Birmingham, for improvements in the manufacture of wood screws. Nov. 8; two months.

John Browne, of Castle-street, Oxford-street, esq., for improvements in paving roads and streets. Nov. 8; six months.

Felix Macartan, of St. Martin's-lane, gent., for improvements in treating the waste matters resulting from the washing of wool and woollen fabrics. Nov. 8; six months.

William Watson, jun., of Leeds, manufacturing chemist, for certain improvements in the manufac

ture of materials used in the dyeing of blue and other colours. Nov. 8; six months.

John Winrow, of Greenthorpe, Nottingham, mechanic, for certain improved means of, and apparatus for, destroying weeds and insects on land. Nov. 8; six months.

James Drew, of Manchester, for certain improvements in the means of consuming smoke, and economising fuel in steam-engine or other furnaces or fire-places. Nov. 8; six months.

Hugh Ford Bacon, of Fen Drayton, clerk, for an improvement or improvements in the construction of the glass holders and glass chimneys of gasburners. Nov. 10; six months.

John Holmes, of St. John's terrace, Worcester, engineer, for improvements in forming moulds for castings in metal studs, buttons, nails, tacks, and a variety of other articles. Nov. 13; six months.

George Smith, of the Navy Club-house, Bondstreet, captain in the royal navy, for certain improvements in vessels to be propelled by steam or other power, and in the construction and arrangement of the machinery for propelling. Nov. 13; six months.

Anne Bird Byerley, of 147, Strand, widow, and James Collier, of the same place, C. E., for certain improvements in obtaining motive power. Nov. 13; six months.

Sally Thompson, of North-place, Gray's-Inn road, for certain additions to locks or fastenings for doors of buildings, and of cabinets, and for drawers, chests, and other receptacles for the purpose of affording greater security against intrusion by means of keys improperly obtained. Nov. 13; six months. Edward Samuell, of Liverpool, merchant, for improvements in the manufacture of soda. Nov. 13; six months.

Joseph Eden Macdowall, of 257, High-street, Borough, watchmaker, for an improvement in the manufacture of escapements for chronometers, clocks, and watches. Nov. 15; six months.

Thomas Trench Berney, of Morton Hall, Norfolk, esq., for certain improvements in cartridges. Nov. 15; six months.

William Thorp and Thomas Meaking, of Manchester, silk manufacturers, for certain improvements in looms for weaving, and also a new description of fabric, to be produced or woven therein. Nov. 20; six months.

William Watson, jun., of Leeds, manufacturing chemist, for certain improvements in the manufacture of liquid ammonia, by which the same may be made applicable to the purposes of dyeing, scouring, and other manufacturing processes. Nov. 20;

six months.

Harrison Grey Dyar, of Mortimer-street, Cavendish-square, gent., for improvements in the manufacturing zinc. Nov. 20; six months.

John Wilson, of Liverpool, lecturer on chemistry, for certain improvements in the process of manufacturing alkali from common salt. Nov. 22; six months.

Fanquet Delarne, jun., late of Deville, near Rouen, France, but now of Manchester, calico printer, for certain improvements in the process of printing, or otherwise applying and fixing the colouring matter of madder upon cotton, silk, linen, and other fabrics, without dyeing, and producing by these means permanent colours. Nov. 22; six months.

John George Bodmer, of Manchester, esq., for certain improvements in machinery, tools, and apparatus for cutting, planing, turning, drilling, and rolling metals and other substances. Nov. 22; six months.

Abraham Cohen, of Islington, esq., for certain improvements in the construction of railway carriages, and in the modes of connecting and retarding railway trains. Nov. 26; six months.

LIST OF SCOTCH PATENTS GRANTED: BETWEEEN THE 22nd OCTOBER AND THE 22nd NOVEMBER, 1838.

Edwin Bottomley, of Aldermanbury, York, clothier. for a certain improvement or improve ments applicable to power and hand looms. Sealed 29th of October, 1838; four months to specify.

Laurence Heyworth, of YewTree, near Liverpool, merchant, for a new method of applying steam power directly to the periphery of the movement wheel for purposes of locomotion, both on land and water, and for propelling machinery. October 29.

Thomas Evans,of the Dolwas Iron Works, Glamor. gan, agent, for an improved rail for railway pur. poses, together with the mode of manufacturing and fastening down the same. October 31.

Pierre Armand Lecomte de Fontainemoreau, of Charles-street, City-road, Middlesex, for certain improvements in wool combing, being a communication from a foreigner residing abroad. November 2.

James Milne, of Edinburgh, brass-founder, for an improvement or improvements in apparatus employed in transmitting gas for the purpose of light and heat. November 6.

John Henfrey, of Weymouth Terrace, Shoreditch, Middlesex, engineer and machinist, for certain improvements in the manufacture of hinges or joints, and in the machinery employed therein. Nov. 6.

Charles Flude, of Liverpool, chemist, for im provements in applying heat for smelting, or otherwise working ores, metals, and earths, and for heating steam boilers, and for general manufacturing, or other useful purposes where heat is required; and also for an improved mode of supplying hot water to steam boilers, the said improvements hav ing the economy of fuel for their object. Nov. 6. Christopher Nickels, of York Road, Lambeth, Surrey, manufacturer, for improvements in machi. nery for covering fibres applicable in the manufac ture of braid and other fibres. November 7.

Thomas Trench Berney, of Morton Hall, Norfolk, Esq., for certain improvements in cartridges. November 8.

Michael Wheelwright Ivison, silk spinner, of Gilmore-place, Edinburgh, for an improved method for preparing and spinning silkwaste, wool, flax, and other fibrous substances, and for discharging the gum from silks, raw and manufactured. Nov .9.

Moses Poole, of Lincoln's Inn, gent,, in conse quence of a communication from abroad, for im provements in apparatus or machinery for obtaining rotatory motion. November 14.

Thomas Mellodew, of Wallshaw Cottage, Oldham, Lancashire, mechanic, for certain improvements in looms, for weaving various kinks of cloth. Nov. 14. Christopher Binks, of Newington, Edinburgh, manufacturing chemist, for certain improvements in the process or processes, for obtaining or manufacturing certain substances, or compounds, appli cable in bleaching, and for rendering useful certain products which result therefrom; also im provements in the apparatus employed therein, and in bleaching, and for the application thereto, of a certain agent, not hitherto so employed, which improvements, are also in whole, or in part, applicable to other uses. November 15,

LIST OF IRISH PATENTS GRANTED IN

OCTOBER, 1838.

John Hanson, of Huddersfield, York, for improvements in Machinery, or apparatus for making or manufacturing pipes or tubes from metallic and other substances.

Edward Davey, of Fordtonman, Crediton, merchant, for improvements in saddles and harness.

Robert William Sievier, of Henrietta-street, London, for improvements in looms for weaving, and

159

in the mode, or method, of producing figured goods or fabrics.

Arthur Dumas, of Stamford Hill, for improve. ments in the manufacture of soap.

George Whitmore, of Austin Friars, London, for a new method of combining, by means of machi nery and adhesive composition, all kinds of materials, such as cotton, silk, hemp, tow, furs, wool, hair, &c. into manufactured articles, which may be applied to the purpose for which paper, pasteboard, still board, papie machér parchment, vellum, leather woven fabrics, felt, haircloth, tarpaulins, and the skins of animals, are used.

Edward Shaw, of Fenchurch-street, law stationer, for improvements in the manufacture of paper, or paper boards.

Samuel Hall, of Basford, Nottingham, civil engineer, for improvements in steam engines, heating or evaporating fluids or gasses, and generating steam or vapours.

Peter Fairbairn, of Leeds, machine maker, for improvements in machinery or apparatus for roving, spinning, doubling, and twisting cotton, flax, wool, silk, or other fibrous substances.

David Cheetham, jun., of Chester, cotton spinner, for improvements in the method of condensing smoke, and thereby economising fuel and heat in steam engines, and other furnaces, or fire-places.

Laurence Heyworth, of Yew Tree, near Liverpool, merchant, for a method of applying steam power directly to the periphery of the movement-wheel for purposes of locomotion, both on land and water, and for propelling machinery.

William Neale Clay, of West Bromwich, Safford, manufacturing chemist, and J. D. Smith, of St. Thomas's Hospital, for improvements in the manufacture of glass.

Job Cutler, of Birmingham, and T. G. Hancock, of the same place, for an improved method of condensing the steam in steam engines, and supplying their boilers with the water thereby formed.

NOTES AND NOTICES.

High Chimney.-The new chimney, recently erected at Mr. Muspratt's chemical works, at Newton, has recently been put into operation. It is stated to be the highest chimney in England, mea suring no less than 132 yards I foot and 4 inches, from the base to the summit.

Italian Association.-The Italians have at length determined to imitate the Germans, in holding an annual scientific assembly. The first is to be held next year at Florence, in the month of October. The principal promoter of the scheme is Charles Buonaparte, Prince of Musignano, son of Lucian Buonaparte, Prince of Canino, and well known to the world of science as a zoologist of distinguished merit; Charles Buonaparte's principal work is in the English language, a continuation of Wilson's American Ornithology, which, begun by a poor Scotch weaver, obliged to fly his country for jacobinism, was finished by an Italian prince, the nephew of the mightiest despot of modern times. The Italian Association is like to do good; Italy being, of all countries, the one most in need of centralization. The hint should have been taken long ago; but the Italians have still an absurd habit of looking down on their neighbours over the mountains, as a sort of barbarians, from whom nothing good can be taken-but their money.

Russia and her Bones.-The Emperor Nicholas has published an Ukasse forbidding the further exportation of bones. The Russians are adopting the new manure; and, having tested its virtues, are commanded to keep, in the words of the proverb, "their own fish guts to their own sea maws." But the trade of grinding bones to fatten turnips will go on in spite of them. Russia is not all the world; and every one knows the power of British gold in

drawing hidden stores to light, the bare existence of which was not even suspected. In talking over this subject with Mr. Maxwell, of Gribton, he suggested one patent mode of correcting deficiency, should deficiency arise. Our whalers, in visiting the frozen North, leave behind immense magazines of bones, which may yet form a great article of traffic. Not unfrequently the ships return clear, or only half filled with blubber; then why not complete the stowage with bones, whenever room is left-or deposit them, when the ship is otherwise full, in some place of safety, for future contingencies. The bones of whales and seals may not be quite so good as those of land animals; but the difference is not so great as to mar the traffic, should deficiency of the latter threaten marked enhancement of price. The art of manuring is as yet in its infancy; and practical chemistry has revealments to make in this departments, which will supply more and more what the Emperor Nicholas is pleased to withhold.

Musical Notation. It is a curious fact, that while the ordinary hand-writings of the natives of various kingdoms of Europe differ materially, the musical notes are written in nearly the same form by all professors of the science throughout the continent, with the exception of some placing the dot before the stem, and others after it. In England the latter mode prevails in regard to crotchets and quavers; but the reverse with minims, generally speaking-Musical World. [In the Archæology of Wales there are, in the third volume, 175 pages of the musical notation used by the ancient British minstrels in the eleventh century, which are remarkably curious, and consist of letters from the Bardic alphabet, with a variety of characters (now unknown), but not upon lines.]

French Locomotives.-On the 25th October, the first locomotive ever built by French engineers with French iron, was tried on the St. Cloud and Paris Railway. It is, say the accounts, from 40 to 50horse power; and able to draw 100,000 kilogrammes, or 20 laden waggons. The trial was perfectly satisfactory it made the journey from Paris to St. Cloud in 16 minutes, and the journey back in 134, which is at the rate of about 33 miles an hour. Its name is the Alsace; and it is curious to observe, that notwithstanding the boast of its being built by French engineers, it owes its origin to a province, politically French, indeed, but in language, manners, and character, still essentially German. It was built at the manufactory of Messrs. Stehelin and Huber, at Bitschwiller, in the department of the Upper Rhine, in Alsace-a manufactory large enough, it is said, to supply twelve locomotives a year-under the immediate superintendence of Mr. Stehelin, to whose talents it is indebted for a peculiar lightness and elegance of construction. The iron is more indubitably French, being supplied from the works of M. Muel-Doublas, at Abainville. The price of the locomotive is said to be no higher than that of an English one; as, though the cost of the iron is, of course, greater, the difference is made up by the less amount of wages paid to the work

men.

Berlin and Potsdam Railway.-A Berlin correspondent writes to the Hamburgh Correspondent newspaper, a flaming account of the sensation occasioned in ths Prussian capital, by the recent opening of the railway to Potsdam. At first, he

says, the great mass of the public felt unwilling to face the fancied dangers of the new mode of conveyance; but as soon as the rapturous accounts of those who made use of it came to be generally spread, and the non-occurrence of any accident negatived the idea of danger, a rage for railway travelling sprung up, which was daily on the increase. In the course of the first week, 11,400 persons took the ride; and in the second, from 2,200 to 2,300 was the daily average. Double trains were obliged to start every hour. The Berlin correspondent makes no allusion to one cause of popularity for a railroad in Prussia, which, if travellers are to be believed at all, must be no trifling one. The roads there are so deep in sand, that by all description, it is a purgatory worse than Dante's to be dragged along them in a German eilwagen, or haste-carriage, so named and so mis-named. In a country of such roads, there must be a peculiar zest in railroad travelling of which we can form no idea.

Railway to Cologne.-At the meeting of the Council of Management of the railway from Cologne to the Belgian frontiers, which took place at Aix la Chapelle on the 9th of November, the directors engaged to open in the spring, one section beginning at Cologne (the greater part of the rails are already laid down), and in the course of the summer a second section, beginning at Aix la Chapelle. The directors again announced, that hitherto the expenses of the land purchased, and the works executed, have been below the estimates; and they congratulate themselves on having, from the very foundation of the society, followed the principle of making the estimates too high, rather than raise illusions, which in other places have been so cruelly dispelled. The execution of the tunnels proceeds rapidly, and is not attended with the difficulties that were expected.

Mr. Imlay, of Philadelphia, has constructed several cars for travelling on railroads, with seats that at night are opened, and made into sleeping berth3, as in a ship.

Great North of England Railway.-The workmen have now commenced laying the foundation of the fifth and last bridge of the Great North of England Railway, near North Allerton, a little to the south of the town, which will cross over the high road leading to Boroughbridge, near to the 220th mile-stone from London.

Metropolitan Railway Map.-Early in December will be published vol. xxix. of the Mechanics' Magazine, price 8s. 6d., illustrated with a Railway Map of the Metropolis, taking in a radius of 15 miles from the Post-otice. Encouraged by the extensive sale which our Railway Map of England has commanded, the Metropolitan Railway Map has been executed at a very great cost; the utmost exactness has been observed in reducing it from the Ordnance maps, and all the railways projected up to the day of publication have been distinctly and accurately marked from actual survey. The limits of the twopenny and threepenny post deliveries are also shown in the Map. The Metropolitan Railway Map alone, stitched in a wrapper, price 6d., and on fine paper, coloured, ls.

The Railway Map of England and Wales continues on sale, in a neat wrapper, price 6d. ; and on fine paper, coloured, price ls.

HOLEBROOK'S PATENT PADDLE

WHEEL.

Amongst the numerous patents which have lately been obtained for improvements, or rather alterations, in paddlewheels, and the modes of propelling steam-vessels, the specifications of which appear on the rolls of the Court of Chancery, there is not one which appears to have been more the result of close study and calculation than that patented by Mr. J. P. Holebrook. At first sight, or even upon a cursory examination, it would appear to be very similar to Morgan's, Galloway's, and Seaward's paddles, and, by many, would as such be instantly dismissed from the mind, as a most glaring plagiarism. On examination, however, into the details, and careful tracing of the working of the radial rods, arms, and paddles, through their various positions, it will be seen that there is considerable difference,—and that, in that difference, great superiority lies. That it is a modification of the same principle as that upon which Galloway's or Morgan's wheel is founded, no one can deny; but Mr. Holebrook is as free to come into the field, or rather on to the water, with his arrangement of this principle, as Mr. Morgan, or the many others who before and since Mr. Galloway's patent essayed to improve the common wheel, by applying moveable paddles, guided into their several positions by an eccentric or crank.

In a pamphlet which Mr. Holebrook has circulated upon the subject of the paddle-wheel now under consideration, (and of a shifting paddle-wheel, which we shall take another opportunity of publishing,) he gives us the following introductory summary of the advantages generally considered to be attending upon the use of feathering paddles :

"It has been suggested, as regards the carrying on of steam navigation by sea, and when the immersion of the propelling apparatus necessarily must be great, that it would be desirable that the paddles should enter and leave the water at angles, other than those obtained by radial positions of the paddles, in order that less power may be consumed by the paddles when entering and leaving the water, and a greater proportional beneficial return be obtained even for the diminished power consumed at such points by the paddles, and in order, further, that a greater consumption of power may take

place at parts at which the employment of power is attended with greater beneficial effect. It is demonstrable that such greater effect can be produced by a properly proportioned combination, in which the paddles should enter and leave the water at angles, obtained by positions between radial and vertical ones, agreeably to circumstances, than by paddles fixed radially, as in the common paddle-wheel; but it is essentially necessary that the machinery in use should be of such a construction as to render the employment of it prudent, on the score of strength and lightness, for, otherwise, it will be a matter generally of little doubt that the simpler and stronger machinery will be preferred, even with a certain persuasion of a loss of power, to the more complex and less secure instrument although the employment of it be as certainly attended with increased effect but, when the parts of such machinery are put together with proper attention to strength and lightness, and the employment of it attended with increased effect, it will scarcely be wise to resist its use on the score of its parts being moveable, and, in consequence, more complicated, because the employment of more complex, and, at the same time, more economical machinery, for the attainment of a desired end, is always a proof of a greater approach to perfection in the means of attaining an object in view. The steam-engine, in its most economical, and in its more simple, form, is a proof of this assertion. Indeed, it may generally be considered that complexity of machinery, while it is attended with increased effect, is no bar to its employment, provided there be no objection to the machinery in point of strength, security, or too great complexity.

"In his improved method of propelling vessels, the inventor has carefully studied to obtain, by the application of a new plan of moving the paddles, such positions of the

paddles as are considered desirable, with all due attention to strength and lightness, and within the space usually allowed. He particularly calls attention to the construction of the skeleton of his paddle-wheel, which, though more complex than the framing of a common paddle-wheel, can scarcely be said to be less strong. He also desires an attentive consideration should be given to the construction of his paddles, by which, though they may be guided by parts near their extremities, it will be seen that it is scarcely possible to conceive a case in which they can be twisted and put out of form.

"Of the skeleton of this paddle-wheel, it may further be said that, from its peculiar form, it can, in case of accident, by the addition of common float-boards, be readily converted into a common paddle-wheel;