wonderful, that this feeling should have Į tainly be no occasion for the presence of 300,000 foreign soldiers, upon the soil of France, garrisoning all her strong and great towns and her capital. It will, therefore,

lain dormant for so many years? That, while Napoleon and his army were in Spain, at Vienna, at Berlin, and even at Moscow; that when such fair opportuni-be to the world, a pretty good criterion, ties offered, when there was nothing ap- when it is informed of the movements of parently to prevent the people of France these troops and of the period of their defrom expressing their wishes in your favour; parture from France. If it be necessary that, upon none of these occasions, no part for these troops to remain for any length of that populous nation should, amongst of time; if they are to occupy Paris, and, all their love of changes, have thought of in fact, France, until your Majesty. be expressing a wish for the return of the seated in the exercise of your authority; if ancient family? If I am reminded of the this be found necessary, it will take a great spies, the police, the gens d'armes of Napo- deal more than the Senate and our newsleon, I answer that all these were still papers have yet said to convince the ratio. Frenchmen. They made a part of the nal part of mankind, that the genuine feel French people at any rate; and, some how ing in France is what it has recently been or other, it has happened, that this people, described to be. Napoleon is now out of taken all together, have, until now, been the way. He has not only lost his power; quite silent as to any wish for the restora- but, his person is removed. Fear of him, tion of your House. They are now, we therefore, is quite out of the question. are told, lost in their feelings of joy at your Fear of whom, then, can it be, that shall return; but, when was there a nation, the render the presence of such an immense populace of which did not shout for the foreign force necessary? If the presence strongest; did not shout for him who had of this force be found necessary, it will bethe power for the time being? Loud as hove your Majesty well to consider of the the shouts may be, they have hot, and will means of gaining the real affections of the not, surpass those which were wont to be people.The Senate, after accusing set up for Napoleon, who, according to Napoleon of violating the liberty of the the accounts we received, was hailed at press by his imprimatur, have themselves Rome, Amsterdam, Berlin, and Vienna, imposed an imprimatur, under pretence of with joy as great as your Majesty is said preventing inflammatory placards and other to have been hailed with at Paris.- This dangerous publications. On what could noise, therefore, is no circumstance to this their apprehension be grounded? If judge by of the real sentiments of the na- the people really be of one mind as to your tion; and, if your Majesty has a true restoration; if they have hailed your return friend about you, he will caution you, with sincere joy; if they do thirst for their every hour in the day, not to build any ancient nobility and clergy; if the work of hopes upon that of which these shouts ap- counter-revolution be really their work, pear to be the evidence. He will remind why these fears of the press? In short, you, as I have, that the French people every thing tends to prove, that your Manever spoke of you and your family, 'till jesty has much to do to gain the good will the foreign armies got possession of their of the people of France; that your object country; and that, so reluctant were they ought to be to convince them by your to do it at last, that the white cockade did measures, that they will not lose by the not travel so fast as the invaders, until change; that they are not going to return Paris itself was taken, and Napoleon was to that state from which they emerged in unable to afford them any chance of suc- 1789; that they are to enjoy the fruit of cessful resistance. These are facts, their labour and genius; that their counwhich a faithful adviser will keep constant, try is still to be great; and, in short, that ly before you, as the strongest of all possi- they are to sufer neither in interest nor in ble reasons for your acting in such a way character by your restoration. You have as shall reconcile the people to your return. the disadvantage of succeeding to the Either, says common sense, the peo-power of a man, who, notwithstanding ple of France did really wish for your re-all that has been, or can be, said of him, storation, or they did not: either it is true that they have received you with sincere joy, or it is false: either you are the objeet of their love and their free choice, or you are net. If you are, there can cer

will for ever live in the highest ranks of fame. He carried the French arms farther than any other man; he made France greater than she ever was before; the splendour of his achievements endeared

him to a people enamoured of military not been gained as the friends of liberty glory; he was a liberal protector of the could have wished; but, if your Majesty' arts and the sciences; he invariably showed scend the throne upon the conditions pre- · that the glory of France was the object scribed, France, at any rate, will enjoy as' constantly in his view: and, it will be much freedom as we, who formerly reborne in mind, that, even at last, if he proached the French nation with being would have consented to a treaty which slaves; and your subjects will have the adwould have rendered France a contemptible vantage of having something like a specific State, he might have been still an Emperor. compact to refer to. The French people Though he became an enemy of freedom, have carried on a war for twenty-two feeling that the friends of freedom could years; they have made great sacrifices; not be reconciled to him, he established, they have lost much of their best blood; or, at least, confirmed, a wise code of but, they have given an example to the laws; he caused justice to be duly, impar- world of what people are able to do when tially, and punctually administered; and, the obtaining of freedom is their object, the people of France, if what is called the and they have secured many advantages, New Constitution be accepted by you and any one of which would have been worth preserved, will not fail to recollect, that its a life of war. The principle of represenchief merit is, that it retains what he had tative government they have caused to be established; that it is, in fact, the work of recognized; they have a specific compact his hands; that he made the Senate and with their King, who is called, not in virthe Legislative Body; and that, by what- tue of his right, but of a decree, to supply ever name his code may now be called, it the place of another who had been deposed is, in fact, the Code Napoleon.There- by a decree. They have made conditions fore, it will require, on your part, no com- with their new Sovereign; they have immon degree of prudence and firmness to posed an oath on him to observe the comsatisfy a people, who have lived under such pact; and they have made such a compact a ruler. The old regime will not suit such as will give them, at least, as much freea people. They have been spoiled for the dom as the English, amongst whom they old regime. Those who are still attached formerly passed for contemptible slaves. to that regime are about to quit life. TheTaxes are to be levied impartially; scene is filled with new actors with feelings equality of proportion in taxes is of right, and minds fitted only to a new and more and no tax is to be imposed without the free and active state of things.The pic-free consent of the Legislative Body. No ture of France, previous to the revolution, taxes are to be laid for more than one year, as given us by Mr. Young, the Secretary except the land-tax. These are most to our Board of Agriculture, who travelled important points. It is all that the repuball over France, who made the most mi- licans ever wished for upon this head; and nute inquiries, who observed accurately, thus, by the new compact, which I trust and who, in writing, always cited his au- your Majesty will faithfully observe, all thorities; this picture was such, that the those odious and detestabe drains upon the man who did not wish to see a total change people, under names of Corveés, gabelles, in the government, mut have been a fiend tailles, and feudal imposts, are for ever in human shape. There were, however, done away. The partiality in the imposuch men, and in England too; but, their sition, so strongly dwelt upon by Mr. wishes were defeated; they had the mor- Young, is provided against; the odious tification to see the French people become and intolerable exemptions are abolished by free; and they are now endeavouring to your own consent; men are to contribute stimulate your Majesty again to make them according to their means, and not accordslaves. Their hatred is partly to France ing to the caprice of any subaltern ruler; and partly to freedom; b. the latter pre- and thus, in this respect, the people of dominates in their mind. This class of France have gained and secured all that men, and this class alone, would recomever the republicans ever had in contemmend an attempt to restore the ancient re-plation.The "independence of the jugime. They are crucified at the thought of the revolution having ended with a gain to the cause of freedom. So much has

*

dicial power is guaranteed." That is to say, it is to remain as Napoleon left it. There is to be one and the same system and set of principles for deciding as to the

*I subjoin it to this address, the republication property and crimes of all men, without having been so often called for.

any exception.Thus are swept away

all the saleable justice, of which Mr. Young This matter of titles may be looked upon-
so loudly complains; all those persecuting as the touch-stone of the counter-revolu-
tribunals the seigneurial courts; all the par- tion. It is a land-mark for a great part
liaments, in which, as he tells us, the judges of the world to go by; and, there will be
themselves were often parties; all these nine hundred and ninety-nine out of every
divans of death and devastation, such as thousand in England, who will say, that,
that of Toulouse, by whom Calas was sent in this one thing, the French people are
to the rack under the influence of re- amply paid for all their sacrifices.-
morseless bigotry and superstition.--To Here it is that your Majesty will stand in
have got rid of this terrible curse alone, need of all your firmness and resolution.
would have been worth a century of war. The priests will assail you with the artillery
A civil war, raging through a whole coun- of their terrors and all the mining-tools of
try, is less horrible to contemplate than their endless and ever-varying intrigue.
the existence of the tribunals described by To rob the Church of her patrimony will
Mr. Young; and, indeed, he was merely be laid before you as the wort of crimes;
the translator, in this respect, of the com- to do justice to her will be represented as
plaints of the French people themselves, necessary at the risk of losing a crown
--The sale of the national domains is and life; and, as for oaths, they will be
irrevocable."―These include the real pro- termed trash, when in opposition to the
perty of the Church, which went to the interests of all that is valuable in the world
support of some hundreds of thousands of to come.--Nevertheless, you must re-
persons, who, under the pretext of devot- sist, if you wish to reign in peace; for, to
ing their times and persons solely to God, revive the tithes; to bring back a claimant
wallowed in wealth, luxury, and pleasure, to a share in every man's crop, and that,
and insulted the people by whose labours too, after the lapse of twenty-two years;
they lived. Their property paid little or to give a fifth, or, perhaps, a fourth, of the
no share of the imposts; they enjoyed all annual worth of every man's land to another,
the benefits and performed none of the when, in many cases, the land has been
duties, of civil society. They were not, purchased being free from any such charge,
in general, amenable to the laws; they would be an act that could hardly fail of
committed crimes with impunity; and the exciting commotions leading towards, if
only way in which they exerted their ta- not to, another revolution.--Your Ma-
lents, was in keeping alive that accursed jesty will not want for advisers, though the
superstition, which served to preserve their press, in this country, urge you to adopt
own power at the expense of public hap- this odious measure. There are men here,
piness."The freedom of worship and who, caring nothing about you or your fa-
conscience is guaranteed; and, the minis-mily, are filled with dread at the idea of
ters of worship are treated and protected the people of France being free and happy.
alike.". -This is again a mere confirma-They dread to see the people of France
tion of the laws and regulations of Napo-gain any benefits at all. They would,
leon. But, the word traitement has a
meaning of great importance, which is not
contained in the translation. The word,
in French, means salary, or pay: and, the
compact with your Majesty is, that the
ministers of all religions, shall be paid in
the same manner, or, from sinailar sources.
Thus, then, the tithes are not to be revived.
This is a most important point; not only
as it affects property, but as it affects the
power and influence of the Romish Church.
In fact, if this article of the compact be
adhered to, there will be no established
church in France; and, I think, that your
Majesty, during your long exile, must have
seen enough to convince you, that a pre-
dominant hierarchy has its inconveniences.
To put down an established Church, is a
very different thing from refraining to raise
up one that has already been put down.

above all things, dread the consequences
of their being, under a government ac-
knowledged to be legitimate, freed from the
charge of tithes. They would be terrified
at so dangerous an example, as they would
deem it; and, I have little doubt, that, if
you conform strictly to this part of the
compact, they will soon be found amongst
the bitterest of your enemies.This
point is not like any thing relating to the
legion of honour, or to any mode of pro-
ceeding in the Legislative Body. It touches
the property of every man who has pro-
perty. To revive the tithes would be di-
rectly sending a stranger to take away the
What
tenth part of every man's produce.
a change! What a contrast with the go-
vernment of Napoleon! It would rouse
every pitch-fork in your kingdom. And
yet, if done at all it must be done at once.

1

they reviled the Catholic religion and the Catholic priest. They represented your predecessors as tyrants; your clergy as subtle and cruel knaves; and the people of France as superstitions and degraded slaves. But, the revolution having alarmed them, your family became a race of pater

priests, they were the most pious and most virtuous set of men in existence. Thẻ repeal of the edict of Nantes was no longer thought of; the judicial murders of Languedoc and Provence at the dictation of bloody bigotry, might have been necessary to prevent "disorganization;" the Pope, from being called Anti-Christ, became “ venerable old man," and, even the inqui

at least, to preserve social order." Your Majesty must have been amused with all this. The shyness of the world gave you time to observe and reflect; and I dare say, that you concluded these people to be the very basest of all mankind. From the same motive that hugged the Capuchins to their bosom, and that their wives and daughters decorated themselves with rosaries and crosses, they would stimulate you to extirpate, or, at least, degrade, all the Pro

It is not a work that can be effected by time, or by partial acts; for, to seize the tenth of a man's crop cannot be done imperceptibly; the people cannot be deprived of this, as they sometimes are of their political rights, by slow and imperceptible degrees. It is not like a tax, which, at worst, is only for a time, and is paid innal sovereigns, and, as to the Catholic money. It is a seizure upon the real property itself. The act is visible, and touches every man in the tenderest part.- -Your Majesty may have perceived, that, amongst our great agriculturists, including some of the most violent enemies of the French revolution, there are persons who are very eager for the abolition of the tithes even here. They speak of them as a monstrous national evil; they have no scruple of at-sition with its cells and its flames, tended, tributing every scarcity to them, though they forget that they now and then complain, that corn is too cheap; though this cause of scarcity is existing all the while. These worthy gentlemen are deceived; but, the error is general; and, one of our noblemen, not long ago, cited the happiness, of our neighbours in being freed from tithes. -But, to impose tithes is very different from preserving them, especially when, in the former case, the land has been purchased tithe free.This is the case pre-testants in France; namely, because liberty sented to your Majesty, whose advisers of conscience there, perfect equality as to must be your worst foes, if they counsel religious matters, would be an acquistion you to depart one jot from this condition to the cause of freedom.The remaining of your restoration. Yet, here again it condition, relating to religion, is of great must be confessed, that the French people consequence too; that is, "that all will have been gainers by the revolution. Frenchmen are equally admissible to all This is This their gain will excite envy in their civil and military employmenis." neighbours, and will tend, it may be hoped a very wise and just provision, or, rather, to strengthen, rather than weaken, the retention of what Napoleon had established. cause of freedom.--The liberty of con- You, like him, will act wisely in availing science and of public worship which is yourself of all the talents you can reach, provided for, or, rather, retained, will give without regard to the religious opinions of great satisfaction to the friends of freedom, the possessor. The belief or disbelief in the especially to those who have read of the doctrine of transubstantiation has nothing horrid persecutions of the Protestants, under to do with the making of a treaty, or the the ancient regime. But, it is said, that, pointing of a cannon, or the deciding of a in this country, there are Protestants who question in law or equity. France, under protest against this condition of your recall! your sway, if you adhere impartially to They wish you to re-establish the Catholic this condition, will set a bright example to hierarchy in all its plenitude. The truth the European nations. You will call down is, that they care nothing about your in- on your head the curses of superstition and terests or the interests of religion. They priest-craft, of corruption, and of every hate freedom; they look upon an exclusive oligarchy on earth; but, you will be faith church-establishment as the means of fully served, and France will always be able holding men in abject subjection; and, to chastise any envious aggressor. Your therefore, whether Catholic of Protestant, only real enemies are those, who will enthey wish for an establishment.Your deavour to stimulate you to acts of despotMajesty will hardly have failed to be amus-ism and revenge. I perceive with great ed with observing the conduct of those satisfaction, that the republican generals persons. Before the revolution in France, are likely to be the commanders under

i

for, as to putting them back into the state in which they were before the revolution, it is as impossible as it would be to form again the image of the Lady of Loretto out of the ashes, into which it was reduced by the people of Paris.--The people of France, by their valiant excursions, have set Europe into a commotion which will not soon subside. Spain, Portugal, Italy, Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Naples, Sicily; all these countries are yet in an agitated state. It will be your Majesty's true poli

putes in their own way. Let France now sit down quietly in peace; let her people enjoy the blessings, which they so well deserve; let other nations now struggle for their freedom, or remain in a state of slavery. Let those who have had in view the humiliation of France, the tearing of her to pieces, the throwing of her back for a century; let those who hate and who envy her, now settle their disputes in their own way. Only let the people of France be free and happy, and the rest of Europe will soon follow her example.--I have seen with infinite satisfaction, that the re

you. You have seen, that there was no dependence on the frivolous offspring of what was called high blood. There were enough of these in France to have saved the life of your brother, or to have raised Mis son to the throne after his death. They made no effect in his defence. They fled from their homes and their country, seeking the aid of foreign troops to do what they themselves might have done. They hated freedom, but, fortunately, they wanted the courage and the mind to oppose its progress. They have been severely punish-cy to leave them all to arrange their dis ed; and they will now seek to avenge themselves by urging you on to acts hostile to the freedom of the nation. They will incessantly whisper in your ear the necessity of straining the bonds tighter. They will tell you, that your brother fell by his lenity, and that, therefore you ought to be severe. They will never remind you of the real causes that produced his tragical end; namely, their pernicious advice first, and then, their base desertion.--If your Majesty has the firmness to resist these advisers; to turn a deaf ear to the priests, and to adhere steadily to the social contract, which you have made with the peo-publican generals appear the most promiple of France, there is no treaty that you may consent to, there is no combination of any sort from without, that can prevent your being the most powerful sovereign in the world.You will be surrounded with skilful generals, and have, beyond what history gives any account of, men whose very names will inspire a desire to live in peace with you, and to treat you with respect. The very prisoners of war, who will return to you, will form an army sufficient to defend France against all the world. The nation is enlightened; agriculture and all the arts flourish in your dominions: you have no Dett to plunge you and the country into embarrassments and confusion. Your bank pays its notes in specie. There will be no exclusive privileges to impede knowledge and improvement. The soil, the climate, of France are the finest in the world, and her people the most brave and most ingenious. Monkery has been driven out of the sciences as well as out of the convents. All the causes of the former decrepitude of France are removed ready to your hand; and it depends wholly on the counsels which you shall adopt, whether the French people are now to enjoy the friuts of their immense sacrifices and their unparralleled exploits of valour; or, whether they be yet destined to renew those sacrifices and those exploits;

nent in the new order of things. They are the men, in whom your Majesty ought to confide. An old decripid, rotten nobility, who have fled, in all parts of Europe, at the approach of the republicans of France, are not fitted for times like these. Let them wear their old cordons and their ruffles; let then muster up their parchments and their armorial bearings; but trust them not with your armies. Let military officers continue to rise by their merit. Ask no questions as to who is their father or their mother. The bravest and most skilful alone are able to give you support, and those only you ought to promote. One great cause of the wonderful success of Napoleon was, that he took all his commanders from the ranks. Every soldier had a fair chance of promotion. He had not the mortification to see the son of some noble, the bastard of a mistress, or the stupid off-cast of some family of interest, put over his head. The commissions in the army were not the wages of corruption or of prostitution. They were not the perquisities of prostitutes or the valets-dechambre of battered rakes in power. They were not amongst the compensations of political villainy; they were not given in part payment for acts destructive of all civil and religious liberty. Say the world what it will of your renowned predecessor in