6. Distinguish between Personification and Personal Metaphor. (83.) 7. Show that Personification can be analysed. (85.) 8. Show the naturalness and convenience of Personal Metaphor. (86.) 9. Show the difficulty of distinguishing between Personification and Metaphor. (87.) 10. Distinguish between Metaphor and Hyperbole. Give instances. (87.) 11. Distinguish between Metaphor and Confusions of Similarity. (88.) 12. Give rules for distinguishing between good and bad Metaphors. Illustrate by instances. (89.) THIRD PART. CHAPTER I. 1. When is Rhythm appropriate? When is Metre? (91,92.) 2. Show that Shakspeare does not use Poetry and Prose at random. (93.) 3. Explain the origin of Didactic Poetry. (94.) 4. Show that there might be more than one basis, for the distinction be-tween Prose and Poetry. What is the basis in English Poetry? (96.) 5. What is a Foot? State, with instances, the different kinds of feet. (97.) 6. Distinguish between Accent and Emphasis. (99.) 7. Show that English Accent favours Disyllabic Metre? (100.) 8. State clearly, with instances, the rules respecting the use of the unemphatic Metrical Accent. Show that an unemphatic Metrical Accent is often followed by an emphatic non-accented syllable. Why is this? (101.) 9. What is the purpose served by unemphatic Metrical Accents? (105.) 10. Show, by instances, that the Metrical Accent is not always equally emphatic. (106.) 11. Within what limits does the number of unaccented syllables in each foot vary. Mention some recognized variations. (107.) 12. Show, by examples, that the prevalent foot must sometimes determine whether Metre is disyllabic or trisyllabic? (108.) 13. What is Rhyme? Mention some faults in Rhyming. (109, 110.) 14. What is the disadvantage of Double Rhyme? When is it mostly used? (111.) 15. What is the effect of Quantity on English Metre? (112.) 16. What are "Slurred Syllables"? Show that the Elizabethan pronunciation differed from ours. (114.) 17. What is the effect of the Pause in Metre? Give some instances. (115 -121.) 18. What is Alliteration? Give instances of artistic and also of excessive Alliteration; and show the influence exerted by early English Poetry in this respect. (122-128.) 19. Show that in the Initial Foot more license is allowed than in the other feet. What is the cause of this? (129.) CHAPTER II. 1. Show that some of Shakspeare's so-called Alexandrines are in reality couplets of three accents. (132.) 2. Show the effect of Coesura in the Iambic of four accents. (133.) 3. How does Milton use the Trochaic of four accents? (134.) 4. Give instances of Elision. (137.) 5. In what cases can you have a Trochee in the five-accent Iambic line. (138.) 6. How does Blank Verse differ from Rhyming Verse? (139.) 7. How does Rhyming Narrative differ from the Rhyming Couplet. (140.) 8. Describe (1) Shakspeare's Sonnet, (2) Milton's Sonnet. (141.) CHAPTER III. 1. What is the general effect of the Trisyllabic Metre? (144.) 2. Show the difficulty of determining in all cases the Scansion of Trisyllabic Metre. (145.) 3. What disadvantages attend the use of Trisyllabic Metre? (100.) ` FOURTH PART. 1. How do scientific and non-scientific composition differ? (151.) 2. Distinguish between Oratory and Didactic Composition. (154, 155.) 3. In what class of composition may Poetry generally be placed? (152.) 4. What kind of argument is unsuited for oratory? (154.) 5. Give an instance from Shakspeare of the difference between effective and ineffective oratory. (154d.) 6. Give instances of the successful and of the unsuccessful use of the supernatural. (156, 157.) 7. What is meant by the unity of feeling in an imaginative work? Give instances of the violation of it. (159.). 8. Give examples of purely argumentative poems. How should these be classified? (161.) 9. In what styles of composition does argument principally occur, and how should the style of composition modify the handling of it? (162.) 10. Give instances of faulty arrangement in historical narration. (165.) 11. How does a novel differ from a romance? Give instances of each. (166.) 12. How may a play be neither a tragedy, nor a comedy? Give an instance of such a play. (166.) 13. What is the original meaning of the word idyll, and what is its meaning in usage? (171.) 14. What principle is followed in constructing the plot of an epic poem ? Illustrate from the Eneid. (172.) QUESTIONS ON APPENDIX. 1. "All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players." As You Like It, ii. 7. 140. By what logical process does Jaques arrive at this conclusion? Give other instances of this process, e.g., the conclusion arrived at by Timon of Athens. (173, 175.) 2. "If thou never wast at court, thou never sawest good manners; if thou never sawest good manners, then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation. Truly, shepherd, thou art in a As You Like It, iii. 1. 40. parlous state." Under what head does this error come? Give another instance presenting greater difficulty. (180.) 3. 4. "The pale-faced moon looks bloody on the earth. * * These signs forerun the death or fall of kings." Richard II. ii. 4. 10. Explain this reasoning, and give other instances. (182.) Many beggars die when one great man dies; whence then the belief that comets are not seen when beggars die, but are seen when a great man dies? Refer to a statement of Lord Bacon. (187.) 5. What are "the five Fallacies"? (177-181.) 6. What is Induction? What was the original meaning of the word? Explain exactly the meaning of generalise. (175.) 7. Give instances of hasty generalization. (183, 184.) 8. What is meant by induction through enumeration? (183.) 9. Why is experiment necessary to induction? Show how experiment can prevent the error post hoc, ergo propter hoc. (186.) 10. It is said that induction is always incomplete. But if we can observe the whole of a class, can we not attain a complete induction? (184.) 11. Give instances of the misleading effects of prejudice. (182.) 12. What are the two senses in which the word Analogy has been used? Which of them is correct? (188, 189.) 13. In what sense is the Argument from Analogy an argument, and in what sense is it not? Give instances. (190.) 14. What is meant by Proposition, Logical Predicate, Middle Term, Minar Premise, Antecedent, Syllogism, Copula, and Deduction? (191.) 15. When can a Logical Proposition not be treated as implying that the subject is included in the Logical Predicate? (196.) What can be deduced from these premises? Illustrate by a diagram. (195.) 17. Express in diagrams the cases where a conclusion can be deduced from premises. (194.) (197.) 18. What is meant by "the quantification of the predicate"? 19. What is meant by (1) a universal, (2) a particular proposition? (198.) 20. What is meant by a convertible proposition? When can a universal proposition be converted? What is the result of converting a universal affirmative proposition (not being a proposition of identity)? (198.) 21. If this evidence were given by an eye-witness, we should be bound to believe it; But it is not given by an eye-witness; Therefore we are not bound to believe it. Discuss this reasoning. (199.) 22. Trial by jury is an essential part of the British constitution; Therefore trial by jury must be the best possible method of trial. Discuss this reasoning, and supply what is omitted. (200.) 23. When the antecedent or the consequent of a proposition is denied, what follows? Illustrate your answer by an example. (199.) 24. Anything is excused by necessity. I am under a necessity to preserve my life, Therefore anything that I do to preserve my life must be excused. 25. Men are rational animals; Thomas acts irrationally; Therefore Thomas is not a man. Discuss this. (200, 180.) 26. Suppose that hereafter there were to be discovered an a. ual 27. What is meant by "Ignoratio Elenchi"? Give an instance. (202.) This is a small palace; Therefore this is a small building. Discuss this. (201.) (203.) 29. What is meant by begging the question? Give an instance. (203.) It is probable that when he comes he will dine; Therefore it is probable that he will dine here to-day. |