named. That broken and indistinct line of low hills, running parallel to Lee's Mountain was recognized as being necessarily of Chemung rocks, and the shallow depression beyond of the softer Catskill strata.

At no place was the margin of the moraine exceedingly well defined. The agency of floods seems to have spread the moraine abroad, or it may be supposed that the glacier advanced and receded several times within a limited area, until the exact portion of its front became obscured. Although hundreds of bowlders and pebbles were amined, but one interesting and notable stria was discovered. The direction of the glacier's flow could not be ascertained from this, but observations on the varying trend of the moraine indicated a movement exactly south west.

exam

The closest study of the party was made at a point about a mile north of the Methodist grave-yard, in Salem Township, on the road leading over Lee's Mountain. On the side of Lee's Mountain the evidence of glacial action were sparse, but in ascending it the finely exposed upper red shales of the Catskill were crossed. The Pocono sandstones and conglomerates, which form the crest of the mountain, are here only about half a mile distant from the same rocss in Huntington Mountain, just across Shickshinny Valley. The valley itself is traversed by the Little Shickshinny Creek, and is so filled with drift, and in many places with great bowlders, that the original formation, of Mauch Chunk red shale, if it was not completely eroded, is now hidden. The results of glacial action here are very interesting. It is plain that in the ice epoch, this trough must have acted as a great reservoir at the melting of the glacier, and a projection of the glacier itself no doubt extended down to Knob Mountain. The water finally levelled the crest of Lee's Mountain to a general average of one hundred feet below Huntington Mountain, and even cut its way to the south country by two gaps, about one and a half miles apart. Doubtless through these exits, much of the drift which forms the Berwick terrace today, came originally from Shickshinny Valley. At the same time, Lee's ridge held back much of the great masses which would have proved the ornaments of a more noticeable moraine, on its southern side.

The journey led back to Berwick through the eastern gap over fine roads from which a view to the east again exhibited the moraine. It was a highly satisfied party of gentlemen, decked with arbutus bouquets, who sat down to dinner at Berwick and returned to Kingston late in the afternoon.

The next expedition of the club will be directed to Sandy Run, where it is said the moraine is exceptionally well marked.

This is the title of a work published some months ago in Chicago by one who, though not actively identified with Northeastern Pennsylvania for many years, yet has lost none of his love for his native heath. Gov. Bross has been prominently identified with the business and social life of Chicago for many years, yet his interest in Pennsylvania has never wavered for a moment. He was one of the interested guests at the Wyoming Centennial of 1878 and in this book the tragic history of Wyoming is closely interwoven with the stirring scenes along the Wallenpaupack, and the romantic-and somewhat legendary life of Tom Quick, who is reputed to have killed ninety-nine Indians. To those who know Gov. Bross personally, the book has an additional charm, by reason of a most admirable steel portrait of the genial author, whose face is full of strong character, whose hand is never held back from a friend in need of sympathy or aid, and whose hair and beard are whitened by the winters of 75 years of an honorable and useful life.

Gov. Bross does not deal with Tom Quick as a creature of the fancy, though the narrative is fiction founded on fact, but as a real flesh and blood creation, of whom the author himself is a descendant. In an appended sketch of the Winfield family it appears that Tom Quick's niece, the heroine of the tale, was an own aunt of Gov. Bross.

The story opens with the flight from the Delaware Water Gap of Tom Quick and his niece, actual historical personages, who had escaped from Indian captivity and were making their way up Brodhead's Creek towards the settlement beyond the Pocono. In their wanderings Tom Quick kills a few Indians, and in chapter 6 the narrative is made interesting by the accidental meeting with two Wyoming heroes, Capt. Lazarus Stewart and Obadiah Gore, who were on their way from the recently desolated Wyoming Valley, by way of Cochecton, to spend the winter in Connecticut. The party joined also by Walt Kimball, a Wallenpaupack scout, remained together several days in the security afforded by a combination of arms. Kimbali relates how the people along the Paupack escaped on the 4th of July, 1778, a fugitive from the Wyoming massacre of the day previous, Hammond, having brought them the news of the slaughter. Kimball supplements his narrative with an

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account of the early settlements of the Wallenpack, and who the Connecticut settlers were. Stewart and Gore are then pressed to tell the sad tale of Wyoming, to which some 20 pages are devoted in most interesting style. The company then go their various ways and ultimately reach their eral destinations in safety, Gore having meanwhile fallen in love with the child of the forest, though her heart was afterwards to be won by a young Revolutionary officer, Lieut. Abraham Winfield. The rest of the book is devoted to the Winfield Family history and to some excellent papers from the pen of Gov. Bross on soientific and political subjects. Gov. Bro88 cherishes a pardonable pride in having his name at the head of all the signers to the Emancipation Proclamation, Illinois having been the first State to ratify that immortal document, this action being taken the very next day after its adoption. As presiding officer of the Senate, his name stands first of all the signers.

Sullivan Campaign-Gansevoort's Journal. [Letter to the Editor.]

In correspondence with Dr. William H. Égle, and through him and a research of the means on hand, I am satisfied that what is, or has been known as the Journal of Col. Gansevoort, consists of an introduuctory narrative, by Thomas Maxwell, of Elmira, and gleanings from other sources, taken from the Journal of Lieut. Charles Nukerck, subsequently captain in Col. Van Cortlandt's Regiment, 2d N. Y. Col. Stone gives it as the "diary of Capt. Theodosius_Fowler;" Campbell in his history of Tryon County, as "Extracts from the manuscript Journal of an Officer."

The Nukerok Journal commences the march from Warwassing May 1, 1779, and on the 11th arrives at Fort Penn, Stroudsburg. From here the march on 14th was to Larne's, where they encamped in the fields and engaged in building roads, etc., and arrived in Wyoming on the 14th of June.

The Narrative connected with what is given with the Journal, called Gansvoort's, begins on May 1 at Warwassing, and arrives upon the Delaware on the 9th. It then says: "They crossed the Delaware and passed down the west side to Easton, at which place their stores were collected. From thence they marched towards Wyoming where they arrived the 17th of June."

Here is where a point of difference arises. Nukerok leaves the Delaware at or near Stroudsburg direct for Larne's, while the narrative goes down to Easton, and then back to Larne's, making a difference in distance traveled of about 33 miles, without any reason for so doing. There is evidently a

mistake on the part of the person writing the narrative, and a mixing up possibly of two journals.

The journal of Lieut. Hardenbergh agrees with that of Nukerok, and of its correctness there is no doubt. The march from Fort Penn was direct to Larne's and so on to Wyoming, building a road, and not to Easton. STEUBEN JENKINS.

Wyoming, Jan. 24, 1888.

P. S.-In reference to the Dearborn and Norris journals I received the following on March 8th from Dr. D. Williams Patterson, of Newark Valley, N. Y.: "In 1874 I went to Buffalo to see the Norris journal. I recognized at once the identity of the authorship or origin with that in Hill's Patriot, but I think at that time I had no knowledge of Col. Dearborn's. Dearborn and Norris were in one regiment and doubtless in one mess, and what more natural than for them to write up their journal together by their camp fire, or, even in some cases, that the M-jor should make the entries in the Colonel's journal. One of the two, doubtless, gave Gen. Sullivan the imperfect copy which was found in his papers, but which was not published in the collection."

Dr. Patterson here intimates that besides the two copies about which much has been said, another imperfect one was found in Gen. Sullivan's papers. While this is a faotor in the problem seught to be solved, it still fails to explain, and only adds to the multitudinous character of the Norris journal without explaining why it is so in an entirely satisfactory manner. He is probably oorrect.

8. J.

A White Haven Lady Dead. Elizabeth Faller, widow of the late W. W. Fuller, died at her residence in White Haven Wednesday, May 9. Mrs. Fuller was born Jan. 6, 1812, and at the age of 22 was converted and united with the M. E. Church, and up to the day of her death lived a thorough and devoted Christian life. She hadone daughter, Mrs. Seymour Stearns, and one son, John Elliot.

Mrs. Fuller's death resulted from paralysis. The funeral took place May 11 at 2 o'clock, interment at White Haven Cemetery.

Born in Hanover Township.

Anna Maria Van Horn, wife of the late T. R. Van Horn, who died at her late residence, on May 12, at 4 pm., was the daughter of Philip Abbott, born in Hanover Township, Jan. 30, 1812. She was always an earnest Christian, a member of the M. E. Church, and the mother of five children, Merritt A., Edward and Ebbert, all deceased, and Miss Anna Van Horn and Mrs. Joseph Winder, whom she lives behind.

A CENTURY AT FORTY FORT. Services at the Old Church and a Retrospect of its History-Addresses by Hon. Steuben Jenkins and Rev. J. K. Peck.

It is a hundred years since the first Methodist class was established in Wyoming Valley and 80 years since the old church at Forty Fort was erected. Interesting exercises were held in the quaint old edifice June 4, 1888, and its high backed unpainted pews were all occupied, as were the stairways leading to the gallery.

Among those present were: Major Hicks, Hon. John B. Smith, Franklin Helme, Rev. M. D. Faller John D. Hoyt, F. C. John son, Dr. Corse, Rev. J. G. Eckman, Rev. F. A. Chapman, William A. Wilcox, Wm. Loveland, Judge Wm. S. Wells, Hon. H. B. Payne, Laurence Myers, Rev. W. Keatley, M. D. Wilson, Rev. Miner Swallow, Rev. F. von Krug, Rev. J. Underwood, R. C. Shoemaker. Some of the gentlemen sat on little stools that appeared to be relics.

Rev.

Hon. L. D. Shoemaker presided. Henry H. Welles offered prayer and the assemblage sang a hymn to the tune of "Old Hundred," led by a former choir singerHon. Stenben Jenkins. Mr. Shoemaker briefly stated the object of the meeting. He said the church had been built at a time when the settlers were few and poor. Its architecture was a thing of the past and but few such churches now existed. It was desirable that the old structure be preserved just as it is. This would be done, as it and the burying ground belong to an incorporated organization.

Against the side opposite the door is a pulpit curiously paneled, the rail of which is about 12 feet above the floor. It is approached by a winding stair. Fronting the pulpit are two rows of high pews, with doors, each pew seating seven or eight persons. Against the four walls are square enclosures slightly raised above the pews, with benches all around. Each window has 24 small panes of glass. The gallery runs around three sides and is reached by two flights of winding stairs in the corners. The gallery is supported by turned wooden pillars about 10 inches in diameter. The gallery is broad and level and from its rear part the spectator could just see the head of the preacher. The timbers in the frame project through the plastering into the room and some show the hewed surface, though most of them are osed. Against some of them are the rude brackets upon which candles can be set-in fact, no more modern method of lighting has even been provided.

The building is longer than it is wide. There are three windows on the ground floor of each end, and four on the sides. The

interior woodwork has never been painted, though the walls and ceiling are neatly whitewashed.

The speakers of the day were Hon. Steuben Jenkins, who treated of the Presbyterian history of the church, and Rev. J. K. Peck who narrated its Methodist history. Both addresses were so elaborate as to preclude their being reproduced, except in brief outline, in a daily paper. It was ordered, however, that they be printed in pamphlet form.

Mr. Jenkins said that the old edifice was begun in 1807, and was completed in the summer of 1808. The speaker had not been able to learn whether there was any formal dedication. This was the first finished church edifice in which religious services were held, not only in Wyoming, but throughout all Northern Pennsylvania. The arohitect and builder was Joseph Hitchcock, probably of New Haven. Gideon Underwood made the pulpit. The Building Committee was Benjamin Dorrance, Daniel Hoyt, Elijah Shoemaker, Lazarus Denison and Luke Swetland. The lime was hauled from Lime Ridge. The style of architecture is unique and but few such structures remain. is one in Wickford, R. I., one in Newport, R. I., and another in Richmond, Va. But this style was common 150 to 200 years ago.

There

Among the first to preach, if not first, in this house was Rev. Ard Hoyt, a Congregationalist minister from Danbury, Conn., a Paritan of the straightest sort. He was installed pastor of the church in Wilkes-Barre and Kingston in August 1806. He resigned in 1817 to go as a missionary to the Cherokee Indians, in Tennessee, where he died in 1828.

He was succeeded by the missionary labors of Rev. Eleazer S. Borrows, Rev. Hutchins Taylor and Rev. D. Moulton. Rev. Hutchins Taylor organized the separate Congregational Church in Kingston, in 1818. These were succeeded by Rev. Cyrus Gildersleeve, 1821 to 1829. He was succeeded by Rev. Nicholas Murray, of whom Mr. Jenkins gave an interesting detailed sketch. It was under the latter's ministry that the church in Wilkes Barre changed from Congregationalism to Presbyteriarism. He was born and educated in the Roman Catholic Church, and his controversial correspondence with Bishop Hughes, over the nom de plume of "Kirwan," 18 historio.

Rev. John Dorrance came to the WilkesBarre Church in 1833 and was pastor until his death in 1861.

At this point Mr. Jenkins gave a sketch of the Forty Fort burying ground, together with a review of the religions situation at Wyoming previous to the erection of the old church; the coming of Rev. Wm. Marsh

in 1763 and his massacre with the other settlers; the services of Rev. Geo. Beckwith, of Lyme, in 1770, and the ministry of Rev. Jacob Johnson, 1772 to 1797. Rev. Elias Bunschoten was here about 1790, and organized a church in Hanover in 1791. He was followed in 1792 by Rev. Andrew Gray, of Ireland, who married a daughter of Capt. Lazarus Stewart. In 1791 the Congregationalists began to act in the matter of a meeting house in Wilkes-Barre. In 1808 the house was forwarded through the in strumentality of a lottery. Finally in 1812 Mr. Hitchcock, builder of the Forty Fort church, was enabled to finish what was claimed as the most elegant church in Northern Pennsylvania.

Rev. J. K. Peck spoke in substance as follows:

To-day we occupy sacred and hallowed ground. A moral revolution commenced right here 100 years ago. Just before the terrible 3d of July, 1778, the few inhabitants were warned by signal guns at Forty Fort that there was great danger from the Indians, and all must come here for safety. So they came, mostly women and clildren. One family living at the mill in the place now called Luzerne Borough, came in sad procession. Some of them were sick, and

team was procured and 8 file of soldiers went from here to see that they come in safely. One child was carried on a litter. Deborah, only 5 years old, was brought in a wheelbarrow to the fort by one of the soldier boys. Grand boy and precious girl-Asa Gore and Deborah Sutton. The boy fell in the battle of a few days after. The girl died in 1869, aged 96 years.

That terrible day is historic, especially to us who celebrate the religious movement thep commenced. A Connecticut boy was in the battle, fled with the few patriots who escaped, and prayed for pardon and mercy while he ran. While hiding under a grape vine near this spot, he prayed. The river was running crimson and the dead bodies of patriots were floating down from Monockonock Island. He could hear the wild shouts of the tory and savage victors and the shrieks of the defeated victims. There he lay and prayed until he found peace with God and came out from his hiding place when the fort was surrendered to the bloody foe. Then he joined the fugitives to Connecticut. Returning again he built a log house and commenced work as a mechanic and as a laborer for God. This was Anning Owen, converted daring the massaore, without church or minister.

After the capitulation Deborah Sutton's father constructed a frail ark and he and Dr. Lemuel Gustin, with their families escaped down the river. Several months later

they returned to find house and mill destroyed. Mr. Sutton built a mill across the river from Forty Fort.

Anning Owen commenced meetings on Ross Hill, and just 100 years ago a class was organized consisting of the following persons:

Anning Owen and wife, Mr. Gray and wife, Abram Adams, Stephen Baker and wife, Mrs. Wooley, Nancy Wooley, Deborah Sutton, then 16 years of age.

That class erected a meeting house on Hanover Green, after five years of toil and worship in barns and private houses. That first church is gone entirely.

Three years had passed, when James Campbell came to Wyoming, and the Ross Hill class now numbered a hundred members. Two years later William Colbert arrived from General Conference at Baltimore, coming up the Susquehanna. He slept on the floor at Aaron Hunt's, and then pushed on ap the river as far as Tioga, returning later to Wyoming. He spent four months up the river, preaching and organizing, and received three dollars and fourteen cents for his four months' labor. He came down the river in a boat with Thomas Ware. On April 16, 1793, he landed at Wilkes-Barre, dined at Mr. Mann's, and then rode to Richard Iaman's, dined with three sisters in a mill. May 19 he preached in Hanover Green meeting house. Ruth, Alice and Hannah Pearce, Samuel Carver and his father, Joseph Brown, Capt. Ebenezer Parrish and wife, and Darius Williams and wife had already joined the Ross Hill class. Hanover Green meeting house was their preaching place. A class was formed.

The interest traveled up the valley. Philip Jackson lived across the street from where Wyoming monument now stands and there was preaching at his house, as also quarterly meetings One quarterly meeting held there in 1795 was in charge of that wonderful man, Valentine Cook. Mr. Peck here described this meeting as one of such great spiritual power that a great revival followed.

On July 19, 1807, Bishop Asbury preached in the woods on the spot where this church now stands. Anning Owen was now presiding elder and Benjamin Bidlack was a preacher and stood beside him. Bidlack had served in Washington's army and was present at the surrender of Cornwallis. A revival swept over the valley. Anning Owen baptised and received into the church Rogers Searle, who was a fellow fugitive from the massacre and hid beneath the same grapevine under which Owen was converted. Hannah Courtright, widow of the late John Abbott, was among the converts. She is still living in Wilkes-Barre, at the age of 90. Col. Denison, who led the left wing on the

fatal 3d of July became a member of the chorch and an active supporter of the itinerant ministers. Five years before the battle the first marriage was consummated here in the Bennet cabin. The groom was Col. Nathan Denison and the bride was Betsey Sill. Elizabeth, wife of their son Lazarus, was a member of the first class formed here. In 1819 Geo. Evans, a raftsman exhorted here in his rough garb and so powerful was the impression that a great revival followed and Evans became a minister. He died in 1849.

While Elisha Bibbins was in charge in 1820 Ziba Bennett, Sharp D. Lewis, Lord Butler and Anning Owen Chahoon joined. The circuit reached from Northumberland to Meshoppen on both sides of the river and to Montrose. The old church at Forty Fort was the centre and rallying point.

About 1824 Benjamin Bidlack, then a superannuated preacher, formed a class here. One member, Elizabeth Bennet, widow of Henry Polen, is living. Her father was Andrew Bennet, who with his father and one other man disarmed and defeated seven Indians at Meshoppen, killing five of them. Others of that early day were Elizabeth Denison, Elizabeth Denison Shoemaker, Betsey Van Baskirk, Col. Nathan Denison, Sallie Jenkins, Betsey Myers (afterwards Locke), Mary Bennet, Asa, John, Polly and Sally Gore, Mr. and Mrs. Joshua Pettebone, Amanda Gates, William Church, Sarah Ann Underwood, Abbie Church and many others.

In 1818 Rev. George Peck preached in this house his first sermon in this valley and it was in this edifice that Lorenzo Dow preached, Dec. 8, 1833.

For 100 years there has been a regular line of pastors from Anning Owen to Franois Asbury Chapman: Valentine Cook, George Hannon, Marmaduke Pearce, George Lane, Silas Comfort, Horace Agard, Gideon Draper, and many others. There have been times when

the regular oircuit preachers could not have appointments here but the class and prayer meetings were kept up. Rev. T. L. Cayler has preached in this pulpit. Rev. Thomas P. Hunt lectured on temperance here.

The little society that a hundred years ago could have been drawn to meeting by one yoke of oxen has now grown to five conferences, numbering a hundred thousand members.

The old Hanover church is the mother of all and this Forty Fort church is the next. Anning Owen, the founder, died in April, 1814, in Ulys-es, Cayuga County, N. Y., in the 63d year of his age. His wife, who had

joined the Ross Hill class with him, survived him only 12 hours.

Between Forty Fort and Kingston is the Owen house, where that wonderful trio, Valentine Cook, Wm. Colbert and Anning Owen, met 95 years ago to plan the conquest of the continent from Maryland to Canada.

I love this old church. Here rest the Bennets of four generations. Here I received my first license to exhort in 1848 and I greet some friends to-day who greeted me then.

Chairman

Shoemaker called for improm u remarks from Dr. F. Corss, Rev. H. H. Welles, Rev. Miner Swallow, who heard Father Moister preach at a revival in this church in 1833; Rev. William Keatly, who gave some recollections after 1857; and Hon. John B. Smith.

Rev. Mr. Welles gave some interesting reminiscences. He took exceptions to the statement of Mr. Jenkins, that Rev. Ard Hoyt was a believer in infant damnation, a doctrine which was in nowise warranted by Presbyterianism. But Ard Hoyt was 8 stern Paritan, 80 much 80 that be refused to unite Mr. Welles' father to one of the lambs of his flock, as it was believed Mr. Welles entertained skeptical views. They were afterwards married by Squire Dyer, who became so confused that he made the bride promise to support her husband, which she covenanted to do.

The exercises closed with the singing of Coronation and the pronouncing of the benediction by Rev. J. G. Eckman. The assemblage then dispersed, many remaining, however, to inspect the old church.

Indian Bones Exhumed.

Uriah Beacham, a farmer living on the Kingston flats, near the second pondhole, on May 10, while plowing turned up what are no doubt the remains of an Indian. Located on a small hill, directly opposite his house, is what is known to have been an Indian burying ground. In 1865 Indian remains were taken out here. They consisted of the skeleton of a warrior who had been buried with all the pomp of his warlike surroundings. His pipe and tomahawk were beside him and numerous pots, kettles, etc, were found placed around the bones. The relics were removed and taken possession of by the Historical Society, of Wilkes-Barre. Every year, after 8 heavy storm. 8 part of the earth is washed down from the hillside, so that graves that were at one time six or eight feet in depth are now two or three feet from the surface. The skeleton that Mr. Beacham took out was covered with about 18 inches of earth. — Kingston Times.