a state, White appointed governor,
75; failure, 76, 77; assigns his pat
ent, 77; eulogy on, 78, 79; how his
name and fame are perpetuated,
79.

"Raleigh, the city of," inhabitants of
colony sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh,
i. 77; capital of the state of North
Carolina bears this name, 79.
Rall, a Hessian general, v. 79, 80; at
Trenton, 89, 90; contempt for Wash-
ington and the Americans, 93, 96;
captured with his troops at Trenton,
98, 99.

Ramsay, in command of garrison at
Quebec, ii. 511; surrenders, 512.
Ramsay, David, in South Carolina state
convention on the federal constitu-
tion, vi. 419.

Randolph, Edmund, in the Virginia con-
vention, iv. 415; governor of Vir
ginia, vi. 198; appointed delegate to
the federal convention, 198, 202;
station and character of, 208, 209;
opens the convention, 212, 215, 217,
220; on federal insufficiency, 235;
one of the committee of tive, 257;
views on admitting new states, 263;
on the rule of representation, 267;
on national legislation, 270; as to
ratification of the constitution, 273;
one of the committee of detail, 274;
on taxing exports, slave-trade, etc.,
316, 319, 323; on the election of
president of the United States, 336;
proposes another convention, 356; re-
fuses to sign the constitution, 364,
365; won over to do so by Washing-
ton, 377; in the state convention
vigorously supports the federal con-
stitution, 427-436.

Randolph, Edward, agent of the privy
council to Massachusetts, i. 395; char-
acter of, and action, 396; collector
of customs in New England, 402;
goes back and forth to England, hos-
tile to Massachusetts, 403; with An-
dros, 585.

Randolph, John, in Virginia house of
burgesses, opposes measures of Pat-
rick Henry and other patriots, iii.

111.

Randolph, Peyton, iii. 111; member of
the first congress, iv. 61; with Wash-
ington advises moderation, 147;
president of second continentai con-
gress, 200; speaker of the house of
burgesses (1775), 201.

Rasles, Sebastian, Roman Catholic mis-
sionary among the Indians, ii. 99, 218,
219; death of, 220.

Ratcliffe, John, member of the council
in Virginia, i. 92; deposed, 95.
Rawdon, Lord, and Irish regiment in
New York, v. 295; ordered to the
South by Clinton, 375; on the Santee,
381; cruelty of, 382; at Camden,
South Carolina, 385, 386; with Corn-
wallis in retreat, 401; at Hobkirk's
Hill, success over General Greene,
498, 499; at Orangeburg, 501; dis-
graceful inhumanity in Charleston,
502; goes back to England, 502,
503.

Rawlings, Colonel, v. 78, 79.
Raymbault, Charles, leader of mission-
aries to the Indians, ii. 141, 142;
death of, 142.

Raynal, Abbé, on the number of slaves
brought from Africa, ii. 277; History
of the Two Indies by, v. 469; princi-
ples of, 469, 470; flees to Holland,
470.

Rayneval, assistant of Vergennes, v.
565; visits Shelburne in England,
565, 566.

Rend, Charles, colonel of the Monmouth
battalion, submits to Ilowe in New
Jersey (1776), v. 83.

Read, George, of Delaware, in the fed-
eral convention, vi. 215.

Red Bank, New Jersey, v. 195; fort at,
evacuated, 199.

Red men, American Indians, Ayllon
seizes many for slaves, i. 25; in Caro-
lina, 72; in Virginia, 127: Jesuits
among, 165; number in New Eng-
land, 383; the "praying Indians,"
388; war against the whites, 386-
393; result, 393.

Red men, east of the Mississippi,
ii. 89; grouped according to lan-
guages, 90; Algonkin, most wide-
spread, used by half the original popu-
lation between the St. Lawrence and
the Mississippi, fifteen tribes, 90-93;
Dakotas, four tribes, 94; Iroquois, or
Wyandot, seven tribes, 94, 95; Chero-
kecs, 95; Uchees, 96; Natchez, 97;
Mobilian, 97, 98; total numbers, 99,
100.

Language of, peculiarities, 101,
102; manners and dweilings, 102;
marriage, 103; mother and child, 104;
hard lot of woman among, 105, 106;
resources for living, 106, 107; hospi-
tality, 107; famine, and treatment of
the sick and aged, 107; dress and
decorations, 107, 108.

Law among, no written or fixed,
109; retaliation, 109, 110; tribe or
union of families, 110, 111; chiefs,

councils, treaties, 111, 112; war cus-
toms and parties, 113; treatment of
captives, 114, 115; form of govern-
ment federal, 115; chiefs, warriors,
etc., 116, 117.

Religious ideas, 118; manitous,
guardian spirits, 119; sacrifices, pen-
ance, medicine-men, 120-122; dreams,
burials, 122; death, world of shades,
graves, 123, 124.

Natural endowments of, 125; com-
pared with white men, 126; ill suc-
cess of attempts to educate, 127,
128; physical characteristics, 128; im-
provement of, slow, 129.

Origin of, 129; mounds, language,
customs, 129-131; supposed affini-
ties, 131, 132; astronomical science,
133; connection with Asia, 134;
American and Mongolian races, 135;
unity of the human race, 136.

Ravages of the red men along the
Alleghanies, ii. 444; peace with, in
the West, iii. 85, 88; submission of,
to the English, 151, 152; congress
declines employing, iv. 240; employ-
ment of, by the British against the
Americans a failure, v. 170, 171;
congress quiets the title of, to a
great part of Ohio, vi. 283.

See Pequods, Iroquois, Narragın-
setts, Mohegans, Mohawks, Cherokees,
Crecks, Philip, Pontiac.

Red river, the Spaniards on, i. 48;
these leave the United States and
enter the river Panuco, 49.
Reed, Esther, and the Pennsylvania
women, v. 445.

Reed, Colonel James, marches to Pres-
cott's support, iv. 220.
Reed, Joseph, of Philadelphia, desires
reconciliation with England, iv. 11;
opposes arming the province, 251.
Regicides, three escape to America, fate
of, i. 347; grave of one, iv. 51.
Regulating act" for Massachusetts, iv.
43-45.

Regulators, in North Carolina, iii. 303,
395, 393; defeated by Tryon, 400,
401; Tryon hangs prisoners, 401,
402; cross the Alleghanies and set-
tle in the valley of the Watauga,
402. See Watauga.

Reid, the Scotch philosopher, iv. 312.
Requisitions, Washington's view on en-
forcing (1779), v. 456.
Revere, Paul, night ride to Lexington,
iv. 153.

Revolution, American, necessity and
principle of, iv. 3, 4; beginning of,

160.

Revolution in England on the fall of
the Stuarts (1649-1660), a democratic
revolt, i. 325; counter-revolution un-
der Oliver Cromwell, 336-342.
Revolution of 1688, aristocratic, i. 598;
ii. 3; political theory of, 7; result of,
8; beneficial to the colonies, 9, 10;
favored privilege, not liberty, 56.
Rhett, William, brave conduct in de-
fending Charleston, South Carolina
(1706), ii. 194.

Rhode Island, gift of island by Mianto-
nomoh, i. 263; Roger Williams ob-
tains charter from parliament, 296;
favored by Charles II., 362; provi-
sions of charter, 363; charter read
and joyfully accepted, 363; liberty of
conscience fully established, 364; gen-
eral assembly, two houses, 365;
boundary troubles, 365; royal com-
missioners received, 376, 377; Andros
in, 587; revolution (1689), democracy
triumphant, 606; H. Bull governor,
606.

After the revolution of 1688, rights
of the people in, ii. 48, 49; spirit of
(1764), iii. 91; favors a congress,
146; Lord Sandwich fierce against,
415; attack on the charter of, 428;
Samuel Adams advises holding on to
rights, 429; course of the authorities
as to the Gaspee matter, 434; seizure
of cannon, etc., in, iv. 94; the gov
ernor calls the assembly (1775), 171;
men of, march immediately, 171;
issues notes, 174; votes 1,500 men
for the army, 175; Nathaniel Greene
chosen general, 176; with other colo-
nies, sends out armed vessels, 249; re-
fuses all allegiance to the king, 331;
slaves emancipated and enlisted in the
army, v. 219; obstructs action in
congress, vi. 33, 34; joins Massachu-
setts in the navigation act, etc., 141;
troubles in, as to paper money, 169,
170; refuses to send delegates to the
federal convention, 201; position of,
toward the convention, 211; strange
conduct as to national matters, 462.
Ribault, J., sent by Coligny to plant a
colony in Florida, i. 51; lands at Ilil-
ton Head, 51, 52; the region named
Carolina, 52; ships of, wrecked, 56,

57.

Rice-plant, introduced into Carolina, ii.
13; excellence of Carolina rice, 13;
wider trade in, offered to South Caro-
lina and Georgia (1764), iii. 71.
Richmond, duke of, iii. 216; opposes
the Boston port bill, 475; hopes that
the Americans will resist, iv. 11; mo-

tion of, in favor of America, 284;
urges making peace, v. 224; on the
declaratory act, 247; hopes to avoid
war, 250; in the house of lords,
253.
Richmond, Virginia, burned, i. 465, 466;
state convention on the federal con-
stitution meets in, vi. 426.
Rider, Sir Dudley, advises taxation of
America, ii. 352.

Ricdesel, F. A., in command of the
Brunswick mercenaries, iv. 351; in
Quebec, 380; with Burgoyne, v. 156,
158, 160; reconnaissance of, with
Burgoyne, 187; at Burgoyne's sur-
render, 190, 191.

Riflemen, American, brave and efficient,
iv. 248, 249.

Rigby, Alexander, and Lygonia, i. 299,

300.

Rigby, Richard, in the board of trade,
ii. 442, 443; leader of the Bedford
party, iii. 218; on the ignorance of
the people, 364; approves of coer-
cion, iv. 282.

Rio Grande del Norte, discovery of tribu-
taries of, i. 35.

Rittenhouse, presides in town-meeting,
Philadelphia (1776), v. 83.
Rivington, James, printing office of, in
New York, rifled (1776), iv. 317.
Roanoke Island, visited by Raleigh's
colony, i. 70; a small party left on,
all perish, 75.

Roberdeau, Daniel, president of town-
meeting in Philadelphia (1776), iv.

420.

Robertson, James, on the Watauga, iii.
394; at Fort Watauga, v. 63; on the
Cumberland river, 315.
Robertson, William, the historian, in
favor of government coercing Ameri-
ca, iv. 288, 289.

Robertson, British general, effort of, to
obtain André's release, v. 436.
Roberval, F. de la Roque, voyage of, to
North America, i. 17.
Robinson, John, minister of the Puri-
tans who go to Holland, i. 199, 200;
farewell address to the pilgrims, 205;
death of, 213.

Robinson, John, lieutenant-colonel at
Breed's Hill, iv. 224.
Robinson, Sir Thomas, advises to fight
for liberty, ii. 417, 418.
Robinson, William, a Quaker, hanged in
Massachusetts, i. 314.
Rochambeau, Count de, arrives in New.

port with 6,000 men, v. 426; meets
Washington, 505, 508; honored by
congress, 523; encamps in Virginia,

525; latter years of, in France, vi.

32.

Rocheblave, at Kaskaskia, v. 311.
Rochford, earl of, secretary of state, iii.
315, 316; opinions of, iv. 360.
Rockingham, marquis of, prime minister,
iii. 130; is disposed to leniency, 152,
153; ministry of, unable to agree
how to act, 174; holds on to place,
185; plans of, 223; insults Pitt, 225;
with Bedford and Grenville, 258, 259;
speech of, 366, 307; opposes the Bos-
ton port bill, 475; differs with Chat-
ham, iv. 99; on address to the king,
119; theory of colonial government,
267; in parliament, v. 53, 56; ad-
vises acknowledging independence of
the United States, 249, 250, 282;
sharply censures manifesto of the
commissioners, 287; leader of party
in parliament (1782), 532; forms a
ministry, 533, 534; death of, 543;
results of the ministry of, 543, 544.
Rodney, Sir George, fleet of, at Marti-
nique, ii. 555; captures St. Eustatius,
v. 354, 355; exploits of, in West In-
dies, 428-430; in New York, 430;
returns to West Indies, 437; victory
over de Grasse, 540, 541.
Rodney, Thomas, on Washington's cross-
ing the Delaware (1776), v. 97.
Rogers, Major R. (1758), ii. 491; on

Lake Erie, 523; meets Pontiac, 524;
takes possession of Detroit, 524.
Rogers, Samuel, the poet, iv. 186.
Rolfe, John, converts to Christianity and
marries Pocahontas, i. 106, 107.
Roman Catholics in the United States,
vi. 164, 165. See Catholics, Roman.
Romney, English ship-of-war, in Boston
harbor, iv. 289.

Ross, George, of Pennsylvania, in con-
gress, iv. 72.

Rotch, owner of tea-ship, at Boston, iii.
452-455; tea emptied into the har-
bor, 456, 457.

Rousseau, views of, ii. 556.
Rowe, John, in Boston, iii. 454.
Rowlandson, Mary, story of Indian as-
sault and massacre, i. 391, 392.
Roxbury, Massachusetts, i. 237.
Royalists. See Loyalists.
Rush, Benjamin, of Philadelphia, iv.
433; on articles of confederation, v.
13; in the New Jersey Gazette, glo-
rifying Gates, 214; letter to Patrick
Henry, how received, 214, 215.
Russia, Chancellor's visit opens com-
merce with, i. 62; discoveries of, ii.
202, 203; treaty of, with England, 441,
442; empress of, declines to hire out

her troops against the Americans, iv.
275-279; rejoices over alliance of
France with the United States (1778),
v. 255; policy of, 342; neutral pow-
ers look to, for protection, 347; re-
bukes the conduct of the British, 348;
asserts neutral rights in every sea,
353; empress of, declares neutral
rights, and invites other nations to
join, 355, 256; service of, to the
United States, vi. 56.

Rutherford, of North Carolina, against

the Indians, v. 64.

Rutledge, Edward, in congress, iv. 70,
73, 74; moves exclusion of negroes
from the army, without success, 261,
262; gets Charles Lee sent to the
South, 385; opposes declaration of
independence, 423; on confederation
and union, v. 11; one of committee
to meet Ilowe, 41, 43; on constituent
congress, vi. 11.

Rutledge, John, in South Carolina legis-
lature, iii. 121; in congress, 149, 150;
president of South Carolina, iv. 395;
address of, 395, 396; on approach of
British fleet, active in defence, 398;
course of, with the troops, 400; sends
powder to Moultrie, 407; visits and
thanks Moultrie and the rest, 410, 411;
governor of South Carolina, v. 368;
convenes the assembly, 556; in con-
gress, views on revenue and credit
systems, vi. 68; in the federal con-
vention, 217, 219, 256; one of the
committee of five, 257; proposition of,
as to New Hampshire members, 259;
chairman of committee of detail, 274,
275; on assumption of state debts,
311; in debate, on the slave-trade,
316, 319; on election of the president
of the United States, 832; on im-
peachment, 347; on the supreme
court, 350, 351; on ratifying the con-
stitution, 355; speech of, in South
Carolina assembly, 419.

Ryder, Sir Dudley, opinions of (1749),
ii. 352.

Ryswick, peace of, ii. 185.

S.

Sackville, George, viscount, ii. 446; dis-
obedient, court-martialed, disgraced,
499, 500; iii. 132; nevertheless re-
stored and put in office, as Lord Ger-
main. See Germain.

Saco, Maine, in 1636, i. 221.

Sagadahock, i. e., Maine east of the Ken-
nebec river, protected, i. 576.
Sag Harbor, New York, Meigs's expe-
dition to, v. 152.

Saint Augustine, Florida, founded by
Melendez and the Spaniards, i. 56; the
oldest town in the United States cast
of the Mississippi, 56; expedition
against, from South Carolina, ii. 194.
Saint-Castin, Baron de, ii. 178; takes
fort of Pemaquid (1696), 183; thwarts
Massachusetts expedition against Aca-
dia (1704), 198.

Saint Clair, general narrative of, criti-
cised, v. 105; at Ticonderoga, 157;
retreats, the fort lost, 160, 161; re-
treats to Fort Edward, 163.
Saint Clair, Lake, ii. 163.
Saint George, Fort, at the mouth of the
Kennebec river, i. 90.

Saint John, Lord Bolingbroke. Sce Bo-
lingbroke.

Saint John's, Canada, citadel of, iv. 294;
invested by Montgomery, 294; taken
after siege, 296.

Saint Lawrence, gulf and river, discov
ered by Cartier, i. 15, 16.
Saint Leger, Colonel, and Indian war-
riors, against Fort Stanwix, v. 167,
168; runs away, 170.

Saint Louis, on the bay of Matagorda,
Texas, founded by La Salle, ii. 172.
Saint Louis, Missouri, date of, iii. 152;
importance of, 319.

Saint Mary, bay of, Spanish name for
Chesapeake bay, i. 50, 51.

Saint Mary's, on the river Wye, Michi-

gan, central Roman Catholic mission
station, ii. 140.

Saint Matthew, Spanish name for the

May river, or St. John's river, Flori-
da, i, 53, 57.

Saint-Pierre, at Fort Le Bœuf, Water-
ford, Ohio, visited by Washington
(1754), ii. 380.

Saint-Simon, French commander with
Washington and Lafayette, v. 516.
Salem, Massachusetts, founded by En-
dicott, i. 223; Skelton and Higginson
elected by the people pastor and
teacher, 228; dispute in, with Roger
Williams, 249, 250; Williams elected
teacher in, 251; town disfranchised,
Williams exiled, 252; witchcraft de-
lusion in, and result, ii. 58-66; named
to take the place of Boston, iv. 5;
firm in support of Boston, 8; legisla-
ture meets in, 22; generous to Bos-
ton, 25; British expedition to, 132.

151.

547.

Salem, North Carolina, Moravian settle-

ment, v. 487.

Salle, La. See La Salle.
Salmon Falls village, burned, ii. 180.
Saltonstall, Sir Richard, i. 223; at
Watertown, Massachusetts, 237; op-
po3c3 a magistracy for life, 259; in
England, defends Massachusetts, 273;
complains of Massachusetts intoler-
ance, 311.

Salzburgers, Lutheran emigrants, in
Georgia, ii. 284-239.

Samoзet, sent by Massasoit to welcome
the pilgrims, i. 210.
Sandusky, Fort, iii. 43, 44.
Sandwich, Lord, abuses the Americans,
iv. 93; abuses Franklin, 116; calls
the Americans cowards, 137, 138;
madly bent on coercion, 188.
Sandys, Sir Edwin, treasurer of the Lon-
don Company, i. 111; firmness of, 113,
114; aids the colonists in Virginia,
133; also the fishermen in New Eng-
land, 215, 216.

Sandys, George, resident treasurer in
Virginia, i. 114.

Saratoga, New York, Burgoyne's sur-
render at, v. 189-191.

Sargent, W., an agent of the Ohio Com-
pany, vi. 290.

Sartine, French minister of marine, sus-

tains Vergennes, iv. 361, 364; favors
war with England, 370.
Sassafras root, cargo of, carried by Gos-
nold to England, i. 80.
Sault St. Maric, oldest European settle-
ment in Michigan, ii. 152; French
mission at, 153, 154.

Saunders, Sir C., in command of British
ficet, ii. 499, 503, 505.
Sauvolle, brother of Iberville, ii. 189,

190.

Savannah, Georgia, founded, ii. 282,

283; taken by the British under
Colonel Campbell (1778), v. 367; at-
tacked by Lincoln and d'Estaing,
373; failure of attack, 373, 874;
evacuated by the British, 555.
Saville, Sir George, noble speech of, in

the commons, iii. 364; on American
resistance, iv. 126.

Saxe Weimar, refuses to hire out troops
against the United States, v. 234.
Saxony, refuses subsidiary troops against
America, iv. 349; v. 233, 234.
Say and Seal, Lord, friend to the Puri-
tans, i. 258; one of Warwick's assigns
for the valley of the Connecticut,
261; gives aid to Winthrop, 36, 357.
Sayle, William, proprietary governor in
Carolina, in company with Joseph

West, leads colonists to South Caro-
lina, i. 429.

Scammel, of New Hampshire, does good
service with Gates, v. 184.
Schenectady, New York, burning of, and
massacre by the Indians, ii. 180.
Schiller, the German poet, v. 283.
Schuyler, Peter, reproof to Vaudreuil,
ii. 198; takes five Iroquois chiefs to
England, 199.

Schuyler, Philip, in the New York as-
sembly, iv. 109; elected by congress
major-general, 234; in command in
the North, 237; report of, as to the
army and Canada, 243; hesitates,
291, 292; ordered by Washington to
advance, 293; short service of, in
Canada, 294; sends help to Mont-
gomery, 294; disarms the Highland-
ers at Johnstown, 311, 312; disputes
of, with Wooster, 376; sends troops
to Washington, v. 84; rivalry with
Gates, 149; in congress, 150; ap-
pointed to command at Albany, etc.,
151; at Ticonderoga, 157; position
of, lack of ability, etc., 164; further
retreat, begs for help, 165; super-
seded by Gates, 173; spirit of, 173;
important steps of, in New York
legislature (1782), 559; proposes
union of New England and New
York, vi. 24; elected United States
senator, 467.

Scioto river, Ohio, ii. 363.

Scot, George, and others, emigrate to
New Jersey, i. 578, 579.

Scotch-Irish colony in South Carolina, i.
431; ii. 266; Scotch-Irish Presby-
terians emigrate, iii. 28, 29.

Scotch Presbyterians, in New Jersey, i.
578.

Scotland, insurrection in, indirect effect

upon New England, i. 279.

66

Scott, John Morin, a New York lawyer,
iii. 93; loses his election to the as-
sembly, 331; proposed for congress,
iv. 31, 32; moves for association for
aid and defence, 176, 177; opposes
separate declaration" (1775), 811;
joins with John Jay in patriotic reso-
lutions, 429; in the army, with Wash-
ington, on Long Island, v. 36.
Screven, an American officer, murdered,
v. 366.

Sears, Isaac, and stamp riots in New
York, iii. 161, 162; one of the "Sons
of Liberty," iv. 9; removes cannon,
311; demolishes Rivington's printing-
office, 317; appointed by Charles Lee
assistant adjutant-general, 384; arbi-
trary powers of, 385.