suspended round the neck, having an internal vibrating lever or pendulum, which is put in action by the motions of the body of the wearer in walking, or riding. The vibrating action of this lever is communicated by ratchet wheels and palls, through a train of toothed wheels and pinions, or by an endless screw and toothed wheels to the arbor or axis, which carries the hand or index that moves round upon the face of a graduated dial, to register the number of miles travelled.

As the motions of the body in walking, and riding on horseback, are different to that when riding in a carriage, the instrument is so constructed as to be applicable to either. The motion of the body in walking, and riding on horseback being an up and down motion, from the springing of the foot from the ground in walking, or the springing of the body from the saddle in riding, the vibrating lever must, therefore, for these adaptations, be placed horizontally in the pedometer, but as the motion of the body, when riding in a carriage, is at right angles to the former, or an osscillating motion, the vibrating lever must, for this adaptation, be placed in a perpendicular or pendant position, in order that the desired effect may be attained.

Plate V. figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10, are representations of the parts of the pedometer, as arranged and constructed for walking or for riding on horseback. Fig. 11, is a similar representation of a pedometer, constructed for riding in a carriage. Figs. 12 and 13, are representations of a pedometer upon the same principles as the former, but constructed to register a much greater number of miles. Fig. 7, is a representation of the face of a pedometer complete, with the dial plate graduated to register ten miles. Fig. 8, is a view of the interior of the

same, the dial plate being removed. Fig. 9, is a back view of the same, as seen when taken out of its case.

Fig. 10, is a view of the vibrating lever, detached with its palls and ratchet wheels. The respective letters of reference, pointing out similar parts in all the figures; a, a, is the vibrating lever having the weight b, attached near its end. This lever is affixed by screws tò the smaller ratchet wheel c, in the centre of which is the arbor or axis that the lever hangs upon; and the axis alsó carries the larger ratchet wheel d, that turns freely upon it; e, is the spring which keeps up the lever when in a quiescent state, against the banking or adjusting screw f. When, by the stepping or springing action of the wearer, in walking or riding, the leaver is put in motion, the weighted end of the lever descends, but is instantly thrown back by the spring into its former position. On the underside of this second ratchet wheel d, is the small pinion g, (see fig. 8), which takes into the toothed wheel h, and through the train of wheels and pinions marked i, j, k, and l, communicates its motion to the hand or index upon the axis of the wheel l, which moves round the dial plate. Hence it will be perceived that every descent of the weighted end of the vibrating lever, will cause the larger ratchet wheel d, to be driven round one or more teeth, which will be prevented from returning by the pall (see fig. 9), and consequently remains in a quiescent state, while the spring throws up the lever to its former situation. It must, however, be observed that in this construction of pedometer, the vibrating lever would not act, unless placed nearly in the horizontal position shewn, which position is retained when the instrument is worn, by suspending it in the waistcoat pocket, by a small hook attached to the pendant, and passed over the band or edge of the pocket.

Having described the action of the improved pedometer for walking or riding on horseback, a different construction and adaptation of the same principle is shewn in fig. 11. In this figure, the interior of an instrument is exhibited, in which the vibrating lever hangs perpendicularly, and oscillated as a pendulum. This construction is designed to register the number of miles travelled over by a person riding in a carriage. The oscillatory motion of the body of the wearer will set the pendulum or lever vibrating, and actuate the train of wheels and pinions as before described: only in this instrument there is no spring required to bring the pendulum back into its position against the banking, as it moves by its own gravitation.

Figs. 12 and 13, are representations of a pedometer capable of registering a much greater number of miles by the addition of the pinion o, and toothed wheel p, upon the arbor or axis of which is affixed the auxiliary index q, registering on the smaller circle of tens of miles the number of revolutions of the ten mile wheel.

In order to register the distance travelled by any person correctly, it will be necessary to allow for any violent exertion of the body, as jumping or running, and the increased length of the strides of the wearer. In fig. 14, the pendulum is shewn with an elastic banking or adjustment, by the spring r, pressing on the end of the banking pin s, which will give way to the increased action of the vibrating lever, and allow it to move the ratchet wheel d, round through a larger arc, that is, to escape a greater number of teeth. In this figure is also shewn the coiled spring t, t, employed instead of the spring maked e, (fig. 9.) This coiled spring is attached at one extremity to the vibrating lever, and at the other it is fixed to the

stationary piece z, and is for the purpose of bringing up the lever to its quiescent situation against the banking.

The Patentee considers it necessary here to state, that "as the progress of the ratchet wheel d, and the train and index connected to it, will depend upon the length of the are through which the vibrating lever moves, the banking is made capable of adjustment by means of the screw f, so as to regulate the extent of the vibrating action of the lever. It must be obvious that the motion of the vibrating lever may be communicated to the train of wheels and pinions, by other contrivances than the palls and ratchet above described. He does not, therefore, confine himself to that particular mode of communicating the action of the lever to the hand or index.

Lastly, the mechanism of the improved pedometer may be applied to a common watch, by placing the working parts of the instrument under the dial plate of the watch, and having a small circle on the dial with an index, to register the number of miles travelled."-[Inrolled in the Rolls Chapel Office, April, 1831.]

Specification drawn by Mr. Newton.

TO ROBERT STEIN, of Regent-street, Oxford-street, in the county of Middlesex, gentleman, for his invention of an improvement in applying heat to the purposes of distillation.-[Sealed 13th Dec. 1827.]

THE object of the Patentee appears to be to economise fuel in the process of distillation, and for this purpose he proposes to connect a series of stills, and to conduct the heated vapour evolved from one still into or under the next still in the connected range, for the purpose of heating the wash contained in the second still, and causing it

to throw off its spirituous vapour, which in like manner is to be conducted to a third still, for the purpose of heating it, and so on.

No precise construction of apparatus is claimed, but it is proposed as eligible to attach a sort of jacket or casing to the lower part of each of the connected stills, and to carry a pipe from the head of one still to the under part of the next, through which pipe the vapour passes, and coming in contact with the bottom of the wash vessel of the next still, heats the liquor therein sufficiently to drive off its spirituous vapour, as in the ordinary process of distillation, which vapour is carried forward from the head by a pipe, to the under part of the succeeding still, and so on to the last still of the range, from whence the vapour there evolved passes to the worm tub; and the vapours which have thus operated, and have given off their caloric, and become condensed into liquids in the vessels under the several stills, are drawn off from those vessels for rectification.

The Patentee does not confine himself to the above described apparatus, but sometimes carries the vapour by a pipe, from the head of the first still, down into the wash of the next still, where it communicates its caloric to the wash, and so prevents the useless dissipation of the heat.

The stills being arranged and connected in any convenient way, are to be furnished with all the necessary pipes and cocks for conducting the wash, and for drawing off the product; but these form no part of the invention, which the Patentee says, "consists in applying some portions of the heat used for distillation over and over again."―[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, June, 1828.]