The geographical material includes separate articles on towns and other small divisions, past and present, indicating the connection of the place with ecclesiastical history, its present ecclesiastical status, a list of its religious institutions, and, in case it is or has been an episcopal see, a list of the bishops, etc. There are biographical articles all important and some minor names in the Roman Catholic church, members of other churches who have had any effect on the Roman church, all ecclesiastical and theological writers, saints in the Russian and other churches, ecclesiastical musicians, artists, etc. Signed articles, good bibliographies.

on

Herzog, Johann Jakob. Realencyklopädie für protestantische theologie und kirche, begründet von J. J. Herzog; in 3. verb. und verm. aufl. unter mitwirkung vieler theologen und gelehrten, hrsg. von Albert Hauck. Leipzig, Hinrichs, 18961913. 24 v. 26cm. 284 m. 203 v. 1-21. A-Z; v. 22. Index; v. 23-24, Supplement, A-Z.

Long signed articles by specialists, full bibliographies. The most extended German work, and one of the most important in any language. Formed the basis for the new Schaff-Herzog described above. Of value in the theological university or large reference library, but not needed in other types. Buchberger, Michael. Kirchliches handlexikon; ein nachschlagebuch über das gesamtgebiet der theologie und hilfswissenschaften. München, verlags-gesellschaft m. b. h., 1907.

29cm

v. 1, A-H.

ihrer

Allg. v. 1. 203

Schiele, Friedrich Michael. Die religion in geschichte und gegenwart. Handwörterbuch in gemeinverständlicher darstellung. Tübingen, Mohr, 1909–13. 5 v. illus. pl. 28cm. 26 m. per vol. 203 v. 1-5, A-Z; an index volume is still to be pub lished.

Signed articles written by specialists from an advanced point of view; full bibliographies. Cross references in the main alphabet refer to treatment of small subjects in articles on larger subjects. Many biographical articles, including articles on men still living.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Jordan, Louis Henry. Comparative religion, its adjuncts and allies. Ox. univ. press, 1915. 574 p. 22cm. $4. 016.2

Contents: (1) Anthropology. (2) Ethnology, (3) Sociology, (4) Archaeology, (5) Mythology, (6) · Philology, (7) Psychology, (8) History of relig ion; (9) evolution of a scientific method, (10) Apol

v. 1-3, A-Cyzique. Excellent signed articles, with full bibliographies, on institutions, manners and customs of primitive Christianity, on the architecture, Christian art, iconography, symbols, epigraphy, paleography, numismatics, liturgy, rites and ceremonies of the early church to the time of Charlemagne. Covers about the same ground as Smith's Dictionary of Christian antiquities but with fuller and more up to date treatment. Excellent illustrations.

Kraus, Franz Xaver. Real-encyklopädie der christlichen alterthümer. Freiburg im Breisgau, St. Louis, Mo., Herder, 1882-86. 2 v. illus. 26cm. 203

Smith, Sir William, and Cheetham, Samuel. Dictionary of Christian antiquities. Lond. Murray, Bost. Little, 1876-80. 2v. illus. 24cm £3 13s. 6d. $15.

203

Treats subjects connected with the organization of the church, its officers, legislation, discipline and revenues, social life, ceremonials, worship and church music, vestments, instruments, insignia, ecclesiastical architecture and art and their symbclism, sacred days, seasons, burial places, etc. Omits literature, sects, doctrines, heresies, etc., as such subjects are covered in the companion work Dictionary of Christian biography. Covers period to the age of Charlemagne. Long signed articles; bibliographies. Not abreast of modern scholarship Lut still useful on many points.

Smith, Sir William, and Wace, Henry. Dictionary of Christian biography, literature, sects, and doctrines. Lond. Murray. Bost. Little, 1877-87. 4v. 24cm £6 16s. 6d. $24. 203

A companion work to the Dictionary of Christian antiquities.

Aims to supply an adequate account, based upon original authorities, of all persons connected with the church down to the age of Charlemagne about whom anything is known, of the literature connected with them, and of the controversies about doctrine and discipline in which they were engaged. Covers the whole church from the time of the Apostles to

the age of Charlemagne but pays special attention to subjects and names in English, Scotch and Irish church history. Signed articles, bibliographies.

For a revised, abridged edition see the following: Wace, Henry, and Piercy, William C. Dictionary of Christian biography and literature to the end of the sixth century A. D., with an account of the principal sects and heresies. Lond. Murray, Boston, Little, 1911. 1028 p. 24cm. 21s. $8.

203

A revised and abridged ed. of Smith's Dictionary of Christian biography. Adds later references and puts the articles more abreast of modern scholarship but does not supersede Smith, which must still be used for long articles, for minor names and for subjects of the 7th and 8th centuries, as this new edition covers only the first six centuries.

Ayer, Joseph Cullen. Source book for ancient church history, from the Apostolic age to the close of the conciliar period. N. Y. Scribner, 1913. 707 p. 21cm. $3. 270 To the end of 8th century.

Bardenhewer, Otto. Patrology; the lives and works of the fathers of the church. Tr. from the 2d ed. by Thomas J. Shahan. Freiburg im Breisgau, St. Louis, Mo., Herder, 1908. 680 p. 24cm. $3.75. 270.1 A useful reference manual intended primarily for Catholic seminary students but useful in any library which does much reference work on the subject. Gives for each of the fathers (1) a brief biographical sketch, (2) a general statement about his writings, their character, doctrines, etc., and (3) bibliography, indicating complete editions, selections and separate works, translations, and works about.

BIBLE CONCORDANCES

Cruden, Alexander. Complete concordance to the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testament. N. Y. Dodd [Pref. 17371 856 p. 25cm. $1. 220.2

A dictionary of all the words of the Bible ar ranged alphabetically, with references to the various places where they are to be found. Compares the several meanings of the same words.

Divided into 3 alphabets: 1. Common words; 2. Proper names; 3. Apocryphal books.

Strong, James. Exhaustive concordance of the Bible. N. Y. Hunt, 1894 ['90] 1340 +262 + 205 p. 31cm. 220.2

Methodist book co. $3.

The most complete concordance, giving every word of the text of the common English version

and a comparative concordance of the authorized and revised versions, with brief dictionaries of the Hebrew and Greek words of the original, with references to the English words. Forty-seven very common words are cited in the appendix by reference only and are not given in the main concordance.

Young, Robert. Analytical concordance to the Bible, also index lexicons to the Old and New Testaments and a complete list of Scripture proper names. 7th ed. rev. throughout by W. B. Stevenson. Edin. Young, N. Y. Funk [1902] v. p. por. facsim. 30cm. 21s. $5. 220.2

DICTIONARIES

Cheyne, Thomas Kelly, and Black, J. S. Encyclopædia biblica; a critical dictionary of the literary, political, and religious history, the archæology, geography, and nat-R ural history of the Bible. N. Y. Macmillan, 1899-1903. 4 v. illus. maps. 27cm. $20.

220.3

Signed articles by specialists, with bibliographies. Prepared with the co-operation of many foreign scholars, primarily for the scholar and professional Bible student. Standpoint is that of the advanced higher criticism.

1914.

Reprinted in one volume on India paper, with rectification of some typographical errors, 25s. $6.

Ewing, W. The Temple dictionary of the Bible; written and edited by Rev. W. Ewing and Rev. J. E. H. Thomson and other scholars and divines. With five hundred illustrations. Lond. Dent, N. Y. Dutton, 1910. 1011 p. illus. maps. 10s. 6d. $4.

In two alphabets: (1) the canonical books, (2) the apocrypha. Written from a strongly conservative, and, in the case of the Old Testament articles, a reactionary point of view. Good illustrations. "On subjects which do not require critical judg ment this dictionary is valuable, but for historical study, based on literary appreciation of the documents, it is misleading."-Nation, 90: 323.

Hastings, James. Dictionary of the Bible, dealing with its language, literature, and contents, including biblical theology. N. Y. Scribner, 1898-1902. 5 v. illus. maps. 28cm. $24. 220.3

v. 5 is an "extra" or supplementary volume, containing indexes, maps and some articles not alphabetically arranged.

Signed articles, bibliographies. From a less advanced point of view than Cheyne and intended

for use by the general reader as well as the professional Bible student.

In comparing the two works by Cheyne and Hastings the Nation says: "The one [Cheyne] is an international undertaking which will be accepted and quoted on the continent of Europe as well as in England and America; the other is adapted for the use of the English-speaking peoples. The one appeals to scholars and specialists; the other more to the body of the Christian church. It will be the boast of some articles in the one that they give the best presentation of their subjects that exists in English; it is true of many articles in the other that they give the best short presentation that exists in any language."-Nation, 70: 246.

· Dictionary of the Bible, ed. by James Hastings, D. D., with the co-operation of John A. Selbie, D. D., and with the assistance of John C. Lambert, D. D., and of Shailer Mathews, D. D. N. Y. Scribner, 1909. 992 p. 4 maps (2 double) 26cm. $5. 220.3

Eng. ed., Edin. Clark, 20s.

An excellent one volume dictionary; an independ ent work, not a condensation of Hastings' larger work.

Dictionary of Christ and the gospels. N. Y. Scribner, Edin. Clark, 1906-08. 2 v. map. 28cm. $12. 225.3

Complementary to Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible. Purpose is to give an account of (1) everything relating to the person, life, work, and teaching of Christ, whether found in the Gospels or elsewhere, and (2) everything contained in the Gos pels. Planned especially for preachers; most of the articles written by men who are or have been preachers. Signed articles; bibliographies.

Dictionary of the Apostolic church. N. Y. Scribner, Edin. Clark, 1916. v. 1. 28cm. $6. per vol.

225.3

A continuation of his Dictionary of Christ, doing for the rest of the New Testament what the Dictionary of Christ does for the Gospels.

International standard Bible encyclopædia; James Orr, general editor; J. L. Nuelson, E. Y. Mullins, assistant editors. Chic. Howard-Severance co. 1915. 5 v. illus. pl. maps. 27cm. $30. 220.3

Represents the conservative point of view and useful, therefore, for readers for whom Hastings and Cheyne are too advanced.

Jacobus, Melancthon Williams. A standard Bible dictionary, designed as a comprehensive guide to the Scriptures, embracing their languages, literature, history, biography, manners and customs, and

their theology, ed. by Melancthon W. Jacobus, Edward E. Nourse and Andrew C. Zenos. N. Y. and Lond., Funk, 1909. 920 p. illus. pl. maps. 27cm. $6. 220.3

Smith, Sir William, and Fuller, J. M. Dictionary of the Bible. 2d ed. rev. and enl. Lond. Murray, Bost. Little, 1893. e 3v. illus. 24cm. £4 4s. $22. 220.3

An older standard work, not now in line with the most recent results of modern scholarship but still useful for many purposes.

Vigouroux, F. Dictionnaire de la Bible, contenant tous les noms de personnes, de lieux, de plantes, d'animaux mentionnés dans les Saintes Ecritures, les questions théologiques, archéologiques, scientifiques, critiques relatives à l'Ancien et au Nouveau Testament et des notices sur les commentateurs anciens et modernes. Paris, Letouzey, 1907–12. 5 v. illus. 28cm. 190 fr. 220.3

Originally publ. in pts. 1895-1912 (2d impres sion 1907-12).

The standard Bible dictionary from the French Catholic point of view, containing long signed articles by Catholic scholars, good bibliographies and excellent illustrations. Differs from Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible and the Encyclopædia biblica in several points, notably in the inclusion of separate biographical articles, with bibliographies, on the various commentators on the Bible, ancient and modern, Catholic, Protestant and Jewish.

COMMENTARIES AND HANDBOOKS Barnes, William Emery. Companion to Biblical studies, being a revised and rewritten ed. of the Cambridge companion to the Bible. Cambridge [Eng.] Univ. press, 1916. 677 p. 23cm. pl. maps. 21s. 220.2

Contains chapters on Biblical books and subjects by specialists, with the following special lists and indexes: Glossary of Bible words; Index of proper names; Index of subjects; Concordance; General index.

Barton, George Aaron. Archæology and the Bible. Phil. Amer. Sunday-school union [1916]. 461 p. 114 pl. (incl. plans) maps. 22cm. (Green fund book, no. 17) 220.2 Contents: Pt. 1. The Bible lands, their exploration, and the resultant light on the Bible and history; Pt. 2. Translations of ancient documents which confirm or illuminate the Bible.

$2.

International critical commentary on the

While the Bible itself is not a reference book in the ordinary sense of the word, at least one copy or edition will be needed in even the small reference collection. The first to be purchased should be a good parallel text edition of the Authorized, or King James version, and the Revised verRsion; a good edition is the Riverside paralRlel Bible (Bost. Houghton, $5.). To this should be added a copy of the Douay Bible, the authorized Catholic translation from the Latin Vulgate; a good edition is published at Baltimore, by Murphy, $1. A convenient collection of various English translations of the New Testament is: The English Hexapla, exhibiting the six important English translations, Wiclif 1380, Tyndale 1534, Cranmer 1539, Genevan 1557, Anglo-Rhenish 1582, Authorized 1611, and the original Greek text (Lond. Bagster, 42s.).

Larger reference collections will need copies of the Latin Vulgate (good edition Milan, Hoepli, 1914, 12L.), and of the Greek text; good editions of the latter are: Old Testament in Greek, ed. by Henry STA Barclay Swete (Cambridge Univ. press, 3 v. 22s. 6d.) and the Parallel New Testament Greek and English, with the original Greek as ed. by F. H. A. Scrivener (Cambridge, Univ. press. 9s.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

British and foreign Bible society. Historical catalogue of the printed editions of Holy Scripture in the library of the society. Comp. by T. H. Darlow and H. F. Moule. Lond. Bible house, 190311. 2 v. in 4. 26cm. 016.22

Lettered: Part i-Iv. Contents: v. 1. English: v. 2. Polyglots and languages other than English: pt. 1. Polyglots; Acawoio to Grebo. Greek to Opa. pt. 3. pt. 2.

Ora to Zulu; Indexes. Important for the full bibliographical and his torical notes.

CREEDS

Schaff, Philip. Creeds of Christendom; with a history and critical notes. 4th enl. ed. N. Y. Harper, 1890 [ '77] 3 v. 24cm. $15. 238

Contents: v. 1, History of creeds, church by church, with many bibliographical references; v. 2, Creeds of the Greek and Latin churches, giving for each the full Greek or Latin text and an English translation in parallel columns, with an index of subjects; v. 3, Creeds of the Evangelical Protestant churches, in language of original with parallel Eng. lish translations, Index of subjects.

HYMNOLOGY

Julian, John. Dictionary of hymnology setting forth the origin and history of Christian hymns of all ages and nations. Rev. ed. with new supplement. Murray, 1907. 1768 p. 25cm. 21s. 245

Lond.

First edition 1892; the revised edition corrects some typographical errors and adds a new supple. ment of 131 pages to cover recent information, and new indexes.

Contents: (1) Dictionary; (2) Cross reference index to first lines in English, French, German, Greek, Latin, etc.; (3) Index of authors, translators, etc.; (4) Appendix, A-Z, late articles; (5) Appendix, A-Z, additions and corrections to arti cles already in main part; (6) New supplement; (7) Indexes to appendix and supplement.

Deals with the origin and history of Christian hymns of all ages and nations, with special reference to those in the hymn books of English-speaking countries. Articles on subjects in hymnology, hymn writers and separate hymns, all in one alphabet; important subjects treated at considerable length; signed articles, bibliographies.

Contents: I, Preliminary lists: Inferences Grawn from miracles, Ecclesiastical symbols explained, List of thaumaturgists 1567 B. C.-1850 A. D., Fathers of the Church, Dates of ecclesiastical customs, dogmas, titles, Instruments of torture; II, Dictionary of miracles, in four parts, each arranged alphabetically, (1) Miracles of the saints in imitation of Scripture miracles, (2) Realistic miracles or miracles founded on the literal interpretation of Scripture, (3) Dogmatic miracles, miracles to prove ecclesiastical dogmas; III, Index. Short articles with some bibliographical references. Useful for various questions connected with mediaeval literature, beliefs, legends, etc.

MISSIONS

or

Dwight, Henry Otis, Tupper, H. A., and Bliss, E. M. Encyclopedia of missions, descriptive, historical, biographical, statistical. 2d ed. ed. under the auspices of the Bureau of missions. N. Y. Funk, 1904. 851 p. 28cm. $6.

266 The first edition was edited by E. M. Bliss (N. Y. Funk, 1891).

Deals with organized missionary work, the origin, growth, and work of missionary societies, countries in which and races for which missionary work is done and the religious beliefs encountered. Includes in one alphabet articles on special topics within this field, brief biographical sketches of missionaries, excluding those still living, and gazetteer articles on about 5000 mission stations. Articles are not signed; some bibliographies. Appendices contain: (1) Directory of foreign missionary societies, (2) Chronological table of the extension of foreign missions from the time of Carey, (3) List of Bible versions, (4) Missionaries who have made translations or revisions of Holy Scripture, (5) Statistical tables, (6) Roman Catholic foreign missions.

World atlas of Christian missions, containing a directory of missionary societics, a classified summary of statistics, an index of mission stations, and maps showing the location of mission stations throughout the world. Ed. by James S. Dennis, Harlan P. Beach, Charles H. Fahs; maps by John G. Bartholomew. N. Y. Student volunteer movement, 1911. 172 p. 24 double maps. 37cm. $4. 912

Excellent maps.

atlases.

The best of the several mission

Contents: pt. 1, Directory of mission stations;

pt. 2, Statistics of missions; pt. 3, Atlas, and station index.

Grundemann, Reinhold. Neuer missions-atlas aller evangelischen missionsgebiete, mit besonderer berücksichtigung der deutschen missionen. 2. verm. und verb. aufl. Stuttgart, Verlag der Vereinsbuchhandlung, 1903. 36 maps. 28cm. 8m. 912

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

Encyclopedia of Sunday schools and religious education; giving a world-wide view of the history and progress of the Sunday school and the development of religious education. Editors-in-chief: John T. McFarland, Benjamin S. Winchester; Canadian editor: R. Douglas Fraser; European editor: Rev. J. Williams Butcher. N. Y. Lond. Nelson, [1915] 3 v. fronts., illus. (incl. maps, plans, forms) pl., ports., diagrs. 24cm. $15.

268

Covers the whole field of religious education in the United States, England and the English colonies. Signed articles, bibliographical references, good illustrations. Useful, brings together a large amount of material hitherto buried in files of the various denominational journals.

Religious

DENOMINATIONS U. S. Bureau of the census. bodies: 1906. Wash. Govt. print. off., 1910. 2 v. tables, diagrs. 30cm. 280 Includes statistics of Sunday schools; a compilation of the average annual salaries paid to ministers; a statement of the languages used in the conduct of church service; and a sketch of the missionary, educational, and philanthropic work of the various denominations, both at home and abroad. Contents: pt. 1. Summary and general tables; pt. 2. Separate denominations: History, description, and statistics.

Federal council year book; an ecclesiastical and statistical directory of the Federal council, its commissions and its constituent bodies and of all other religious organizations in the United States, 1915. N. Y. Missionary educ. movement. 1916.* v. 1. 19cm 50 cts per vol. 280

Phelan, M. Handbook of all denominations, containing an account of their origin and history; a statement of their faith and usages; together with the latest statistics on their activities, location, and