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AND Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c. This Journa is supplied Weekly, or Monthly, by the principal Booksellers and Newsmen, throughout the Kingdom; but to those who may desire its immediate transmission, by post, we recommend the LITERARY GAZETTE printed on stamped paper, price One Shilling. No. 731. REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS, SATURDAY, JANUARY 22, 1831. PRICE 8d. highly contagious quality. How much more | culating the movements of pawns on a chess- The Temple of Melekartha. 3 vols. small 8vo. The different members of the Tsidonian councils are fine-sketched moral portraits: we select one as a specimen. "If the accommodations and the luxuries of the body be the ultimate and highest objects of human desire, then let philosophy pretend to no other place than that of the slave of art. If man finds his perfection when he is clad in attire of exquisite workmanship, sleeps beneath decorated roofs, is conveyed, as on the wings of the wind, over roads smooth as the pavement of a palace: if softness, and finery, and facility, confer all the bliss which man should think of, then let science humbly whisper in the ear of the artisan_her improved methods and do no more. But we spurn these notions, bred of commerce, and tending to render money the god of universal idolatry, as the bestower of whatever can be thought desirable. Find a country in which the mechanical and chemical Speaking of the third chief: "His wisdom sciences take the lead, explicitly because deemwas not the intuitive sagacity which some men ed the most useful, and you find a community possess as perfectly in the early as in the last wherein wealth, more than either wisdom or virstage of life; but rather the ripened and ac- tue, is held in honour,-a community in which cumulated fruit of long and large experience. both are a jest, unless attired in silks. Men of So great and various had been his knowledge intelligence are marvellously blind to their inof human affairs, and so much was he addicted terests as a body, when they tacitly favour this to reflection, that his anticipations of futurity subserviency of philosophy to the hard-handed were little less infallible than the announce-arts of life: yes, and forgetful also of the inments of Heaven. He spoke seldom in the fluence they might exert in behalf of the mass senate; nor at any time descended upon the of the people. To fulfil their function as an field of argument; nor ever added to the brief organ in the body politic, men of learning must declaration of his advice, a single sentence that hold an absolute independence. But they have might serve to recommend it to the approval of virtually recognised their own subordination others. It is hard to say whether he would when they allow it to be supposed that vulgar not rather have witnessed the miscarriage of utility is the end of science. What is this "It is a capital error to imagine that the an enterprise, than patiently have demonstrat-utility, when embodied, but a somewhat which prosperity of a mercantile community can se-ed the false calculations of those whom he saw money may purchase? Utility, rendered into carely rest on the exclusive possession of any to be proceeding upon the hollow ground of the language of facts, meaus, a splendid crimson secret in art. With or without secrets, wealth fallacious hopes." and national importance will infallibly belong to the possessors of intelligence, industry, good government, and natural advantages of produce and position. Nothing but internal treason can reduce a people, so favoured, to poverty and dependence. Speaking of Tyre: "They forget also a humiliating circumstance of their present condition, namely, that, among themselves, by the natural and unchecked encroachments of power and cupidity upon weakness and necessity, the vast wealth of the community has clustered itself together into a comparatively small number of enormous masses, which oppress and obstruct the movements of the body politic more than enrich it, and which, while they corrupt the few, leave the many in a condition of desperate wretchedness, such as deprives them of every feeling of patriotism, and allows the only hope of relief to fix itself upon gloomy ideas of revolation and anarchy. * * cloak a richly embodied tunic-a painted vase The ensuing, too, is a fine distinction. -a carved table-an inlaid couch-a fretted "Habaddon had seemed always to be press roof a flying chariot. Thus philosophy is ing on from the passing moment to the next: confessed as a menial in the train of opulence! Tartak existed tranquilly in the present hour." In every civilised community we find, on the "Nothing often is more difficult than to ef- one hand, the mass of the people, and on the fect inconsiderable changes in the usages of other, the ever-swelling and combined forces of If the state be a machine,' said the father a people; nothing often more easy than to government, and wealth, and hereditary rank, of his people, poverty is a rottenness in the achieve surprising revolutions in their political wrestling against each other; and the latter works, that must bring slow or sudden disrup-condition. Mankind is pertinacious and ad- pressing with the constancy and insidiousness tion upon all the parts. If the state be a liv-hesive in whatever is trivial; fickle and fond of physical agents, upon the rights of nature in ing body, then does the sympathy of disease of change in whatever is momentous. the multitude; taxing and taxing, and taxing pass inevitably from member to member. Nei- "A king is a man of business. Call men of yet again, not the mere comforts, but the ther law nor force can intercept the correspond- business to your service; and with such on heart's blood of the many, and driving human ence, which shall at length convey the miseries your right hand and on your left, administer life nearer and nearer upon the very verge of of the ruinous hut wherein want hides its woes, the affairs of your empire solely on those com- naked existence. What power then shall meto the halls of wrongful luxury. Selfishness is mon, intelligible, long-tried, and indisputable diate between the few who are the possessors a blind vice, and grasps unknowing at its own principles which the good sense of the mass of of this crushing force, and the many who are destruction. Vainly does it strive to sever it-mankind approves. Be not too impatient of its victims? Say, if you will, a principle of self and its circle of trim indulgences from the things confessedly imperfect: old and familiar beneficent self-denial in the hearts of the opusinking wretchedness of its neighbour. As errors are less dangerous often than young lent and the noble. Alas! the beneficent few well might the right hand regard with indiffer- truths. Revise, amend, corroborate; press learn to whisper, If we decline to withdraw ence a poisoned wound inflicted on the left. towards the better; but be slow to renovate. his cloak from the poor man's shoulders, anSee you a stranger whom the winds have cast Act more than meditate. other will rend it thence with less tenderness." spon our island; take heed that he falls not into "Men of intellectual tastes, inflated by the Will you defend the poor against the rich by penury anear our homes; his welfare is our own; vastness of political speculations, lose all recol-political constitutions? That very spirit of and though no kindness were to throb in our lection of common sense amid the pleasures of liberty which belongs to such systems, breeds am, yet a provident selfishness would inter- contrivance. They talk of man, and of his po- an atrocious and selfish pride, and indurates pose in his behalf; for his wretchedness is of a sition in society, as lightly as if they were cal- the heart. The security of life and property, * which are the boast of popular governments, | Our limits forbid further extract, at least | historical information, than what, in reference only favours and accelerates the accumulation this week; and we leave for the present, what to Mr. Miller's preface, we conceive to be a of wealth, and nerves the arm of oppression by we cannot but again designate as a most ex- case in point. the corroboration of law. Political freedom, traordinary work, blending conceptions of the "It gave me great pleasure to find a copy while it sanctimoniously protects the poor wildest extravagance with the most acute in- of this most rare pamphlet in the collection of man's life, laughs at his starvation. Do we tellect, -a romance, whose scenes are like rich the Right Hon. T. Grenville, who placed it in not then, even for the people's sake, need a phantasmagoria, yet with thoughts and opi- my hands, and allowed me to republish it. I third power, a power in its very element se- nions marked by immense information and pro- determined upon making use of this liberal parate from wealth, and yet lifted above the found reflection. It is a Utopia, whose idea permission, since this little book is of the greatrude influence of popular caprice? But a phi- and colours are best likened to one of Martin's est rarity, and its contents are strictly conlosophy which is nothing more than an instruc-most gorgeous and imaginative pictures. We nected with the life of Berni, and the history tress of the mechanic arts, and which, there- have rarely been so much struck with a name- of his Rifacimento of the Innamorato. The fore, receives its stipend from wealth, and less production. copy in possession of Mr. Grenville was printed cringes to it, can never so mediate. I am, you in 1554, and not 1555; it has neither name of perceive, myself pleading for a philosophy not Sermons intended to shew a sober Application printer, nor of the place where it was published; subservient to utility, on the ground of utility; of Scriptural Principles to the Realities of but it has all the appearance of having been but it is a utility of a higher sort; and affirm Life: with a Preface addressed to the Clergy. printed at Basle. It consists of one single sheet, that the people need an intervening influence By John Miller, M.A., late Fellow of Wor-small 8vo, in italics, except the title-page. which, by its absolute independence, shall in- cester College, Oxford. 8vo. pp. 475. Ox- From its contents it will appear, first, that an timidate the brutal caprices of despotism, and ford, 1830, Parker; London, Rivingtons. authentic edition of the Rifacimento was supabash the selfishness of opulence. A high and Orlando Innamorato di Bojardo, Orlando Fu-pressed by the Court of Rome, which was more independent philosophy reserves an honour for rioso di Ariosto; with an Essay on the Roafraid of books exposing its abuses than of immind, which neither rank nor money can snatch mantic Narrative Poetry of the Italians: moral publications, as I myself observed, vol. from its rightful claimants; and as nature Memoirs and Notes. By Antonio Panizzi. ii. p. 138; secondly, that such low and vulgar scatters the rare endowments of intelligence Vol. III. 8vo. pp. 386. London, 1830. lines as disfigure the introduction to the 20th equally upon cottages and palaces, the poor Pickering. canto in the Rifacimento are not by Berni, have a field open to them, when learning has WE have thus introduced an English divine since they are not found in the stanzas puba precinct on which to contend with the rich, into the society of two Italian poets, neither lished in this pamphlet; thirdly, that I was where gold can purchase no advantage." for the purpose of hazarding the orthodoxy of right in suspecting that great liberties have The following are one or two touches, full of the first, nor with the hope of effecting the re- been taken with Berni's Rifacimento, since the poetry of description. generation of the latter; but solely in order to most of the stanzas contained in this little obviate the inconvenience of noticing a work publication are not in the editions of the poem in one part of our Gazette, while we wish to rifatto, by Berni, and the few which occur in quote from it in another. In brief, and not the Rifacimento differ considerably from those the less earnest praise of Panizzi's very beau- which are inserted in that little tract; and tiful volume, we shall, saving our purpose of fourthly, that most of the greatest men attached quotation from a note, dismiss the work with- to the court of Rome were inclined to the prinout further comment or commendation. In ciples of the reformers; and that Berni himreverting to the Sermons of Mr. Miller, we self was a Protestant in his heart, at least in would preface our remarks by observing, that his latter days. Giberti, we know, introduced he is a man whose opinion on most subjects a very good discipline, and eradicated many unquestionably on the subject of which he at abuses in his diocese of Verona; and he was present treats, carries with it a very deep in- the most intimate friend of the great poet M. fluence with all that know who and what he A. Flamino, who was undoubtedly attached is. This, however, is no more than the re-to the Protestant creed. Cardinal Frederic "The plain, to which the eye discerned no spect and homage which sound erudition and Fregoso, also, has been considered favourable limit, inclined sensibly towards the southern an enlarged mind invariably and justly elicits. to the reform; and although the same has sun. Its surface was varied by gentle undula- In his opinion, too, we find that of many who not been said of the others mentioned in these tions, and broken by scattered masses of gra-"stand in the high places," and are there- stanzas, there is nothing improbable in the nite. A fine grass, of brilliant greenness, cover-fore the more prominently involved in the in- fact. They were intimately connected with ed the soil, interspersed with a countless variety terests of the subject he approaches. persons either favourable to the reformation, of small and sparkling flowers. Wild thyme, or who openly embraced it." and other fragrant herbs, held also their districts here and there, and enriched the gales with their perfumes. But except around a single spot, where art had supplied the defect of nature, neither tree nor shrub graced the plain." "Shoals of brightly coloured fish flashed, from time to time, beneath us, like sheets of summer lightning. * "The sun, forerun by no silvery dawn, burst rayless and lurid from the east; frowned through his course; was pale at noon, and went down sudden, without leaving a glory to declare at what point he had parted from the upper skies. "The dawn of the next day opened murkily. Mishapen clouds, dissolving into limbs and fragments, and again clustering in masses, hastened up from the east, and sped across the sky, like forerunners of evil hours. Without entering into the question of church reform, we proceed to quote his observations. They are cautious and unobtrusive, as the words of the wise and modest ever are. What is it that calls forth this clamour, but the existence of these abuses? of which the admission ought surely to be followed up by the removal. Are the rotten parts of the sanctuary to moulder on, because "its enemies are ready to rush in ?" Are its weaker parts, We shall now take the freedom of remarking, that Mr. Miller's observations on church reform, carry along with them an inference "Must there not, again, be many others, which is little else than an excuse for the conwho, while they love and venerate the church tinuance of the very abuses he deprecates and of England, both as the pillar and ground of deplores. We would ask the plain lay quesThis is contrasted by a wood. the truth,' and as the only ark (in this our tion, Whether, where abuses (call them "im"The travellers entered a shade of lofty own kingdom at least) of any thing like proper perfections" if you will) are acknowledged to trees; and here first they noted the strange toleration or just religious liberty, yet cannot exist, are they to go on and on, because of intermixture of the awful relics of an elder time blind themselves to flaws and weaknesses," the clamour round about the sanctuary? with the young and living produce of later which may be here and there detected in its ages. Here and there, amid the flourishing aggregate condition, of which it were no less trunks and crowded foliage of trees in their than folly to deny the existence? Must it not prime of youth and beauty, tending direct to be grief to these, to mark the almost equally heaven, were seen oaks of enormous bulk and erroneous violence and pertinacity with which altitude, reclining, riven, shattered, leafless, these frailties are respectively defended and asand utterly dead, protruding their vast and sailed? which imperfections they would wish, of sapless limbs far through and among the mo- all things, to have corrected and removed, but dern verdure; or rearing their scathed heads which it is made scarcely possible to touch, for above the level of foliage, affronted the summer any such good end, by reason of the fierce, unsky with their wintry nakedness. The palm generous clamour round about the sanctuary, also of the desolated world, slanting athwart and the variety of enemies, all ready to rush the modern stems, lifted its shorn head to hea-in to build up their own visionary schemes, ven; and though itself a sear column, gave or schemes of selfishness, upon its ruins." support to an abundance of flowery climbers- Before offering our brief remarks upon the the gay produce of each spring; and thus brought into forcible contrast-yesterday and the remotest time!" above, we shall bring under the view of our which it is in the power of its rulers to make strong-to remain in their weakness, as breaches for the enemy to enter in by, and without which, it may be added, he would not venture to attack, or would do so without hope of success? At the time of the reformation, we perceive from the foregoing singular and important note, that many of those who "stood in the high places of the Roman church heard the cry then, as now, not against religion itself, but against its abuses; and they, too, wished for the removal ⚫ By Vergerio. of "imperfections" (they ought to have felt the intelligible; and we candidly confess ourselves of an apostrophe "to the grave," which intronecessity), but they did not," because of the at a loss to divine how an immense continent, duces Book III. clamour round about the sanctuary," them-" abounding with the most striking and surselves repair it; and so it was knocked about their ears. prising contrasts, can present, on a general 66 The object at which Mr. Miller aims in his Sermons, and recommends to the clergy, is "the application of Scriptural principles to the Africa, considered in relation to her place realities of life." If discourses, with this pro- on the map, forms an extensive continent, fessed object, have not been published, the ex- situated nearly in the centre of the earth, and ample has been set, and by none more efficiently obstructing the great highway across the ocean. than by our metropolitan prelate. Mr. Miller Her coasts form the chief barrier to a direct has, we think, fully accomplished his purpose, maritime intercourse between the distant ex* Could Africa and that in a forcible and unpresuming style, tremities of the globe. alike adapted to the understanding of the cease to exist, great facilities would be afforded highly educated, and to his less fortunate bro-to the communication between the other contither, in a word, to all but those who have nents, and many new channels of commerce would be opened up." "eyes to see, yet see not." What should we think, if some learned proNarrative of Discovery and Adventure in fessor of Timbuctoo were gravely to assert, Africa, from the earliest Ages to the present" that England obstructed the highway between Time, with Illustrations of the Geology, Mine-America and Sweden;" and that, if our troubleralogy, and Zoology. By Professor Jameson, some little island were to be removed, great James Wilson, Esq. F.R.S.E., and Hugh facilities would be afforded to the communicaMurray, Esq. F.R.S.E. Being No. II. of tion between the Baltic and the Mississippi! the Edinburgh Cabinet Library. Edinburgh, The name of Professor Jameson made us 1830, Oliver and Boyd; London, Simpkin expect that great light would be thrown upon and Marshall. the obscure and puzzling subject of African THE greater part of this volume is occupied geology; but we were disappointed to find the with an analysis of voyages and travels, prin- account of the Natron or Trona Lakes is comcipally abridged from a work in three volumes, prised in a short extract from one of Dr. Oudbearing nearly the same title, and published a ney's letters, published in Denham and Clapfew years since by one of the present compilers. perton's travels; that the African rivers are This analysis of voyages and travels relates dismissed in half a page; and that many other only to Central and Southern Africa, no ac- very curious and interesting phenomena are count being given of either Egypt, Nubia, not even alluded to. Abyssinia, or the states of Barbary; and very The wood-cuts are very good, and the book little being said of either the Great Desert, is extremely well got up for its very moderate or the cases of El Ouah, Siwah, and El Khargeh. price. The analysis is clearly and agreeably written; and though it contains nothing very new or very striking, (most of the travels from which The Siamese Twins, &c. Colburn and Bentley. it is abridged being in every body's hands,) it [Second Notice.] may yet be read with both interest and plea- THE originality of this poem, together with and severity of criticism. It will be tried by standards which are not justly applicable to its plan, and it will be judged by opinions which have no consideration of its merits. Before “His statement, too, with all its defects, this happens, we are happy to repeat our senbears an aspect of simplicity and good faith, timents, and to say that, taking it as a whole, and contains various minute details, including and disregarding the few blemishes which a undesigned coincidences with facts ascertained hypercritical and hostile examination might from other quarters. His false reports of celes- point out, we have found so many poetical bal phenomena might arise from his ignorance beauties in it, and, withal, so fine a spirit of of such subjects ; while his inaccuracies in regard philosophical acumen, that we do not hesitate Major Laing might proceed from the defective to rank it among the most striking productions hearsay information on which he depended. of the literature of our period. Perhaps these last form rather a presumption This sentence we shall proceed to verify by We doubt very much whether M. René Caillié would feel much flattered at having his blunders ascribed to ignorance and credulity; nay, we are not even quite sure that he would be pleased to be complimented on his simplicity; and we were certainly not before aware, that the Quarterly Review was the only authentic source of aformation on the subject. "The jungle is cleared, and the moon shines bright And (gaunt in the midst) the streaming light Sadly and desolately now, It rais'd to heaven its gloomy brow; The faith has left the Brahmin's God." "Hearken, O grave! beneath me lying; Of dreams into the silence rusheth. Love only wakes, our spirit o'er; Vague thoughts we fain would call revealings, Possession may content the frame, They speak an uncompleted doom! At once it wakes, and breathes, and moves, A farewell parting affords some exquisite touches on the same topic. "We'll meet-once more I do not say, Be true to me,' I know that deep and tender heart! I only tell thee, Live to see How lov'd, how truly lov'd, thou art!' To light Youth's lamp once more within! The past defies its withering breath! We have, however, faults of a more serious mature to find with the introductory chapter, We can only refer readers to the moral which professes to give a general view of Africa drawn from the tale (pages 240 et seq.); and, "in its original state, as it came from the hands by way of contrast to our last extract, copy a Nature." It is written in a vague, inflated The Twins are witness to a fearful incanta-portrait of the doctor employed to separate the style, alike unsuited to the subject of which it tion here, which is painted in language of extreats, and the readers for whom we presume traordinary force; but we have so much before A to be designed. In some parts it is not even us, that we must pass it by, and come to part Siamese. "This gentleman in black was drest; |