pressed it herself, as that of Daniel out of the mouths of the Lions.'"* Adjoining the Middle Gate was the Lion Tower, with a semicircular area, where the kings of England formerly kept their wild beasts. The first of these were three leopards presented to Henry III. by the Emperor Frederick, in allusion to the royal arms. A bear was soon added, for which the sheriffs of London were ordered to provide a muzzle and iron chain to secure him when out of the water, and a strong cord to hold him "when fishing in the Thames." An elephant was procured in the same reign, and a lion in that of Edward II. The wild beasts at the Tower were the most popular sight of London in the last and the beginning of the present century,-"Our first visit was to the lions," * See Burnet's "History of the Reformation." Tra the to 阶 says Addison in the "Freeholder." In 1834 the royal menagerie was used as a foundation for the Zoological Gardens collection. To the right is a terrace along the bank of the Thames, where we should walk to admire the wide reach of the Thames, here called the Pool, crowded with shipping, so that one seems to be walking through a gallery of beautiful Vanderveldes. The first steps leading to the river are the Queen's Stairs (once much wider), where the sovereigns embarked for their coronations. The wharf from which we are gazing is the same which—twice destroyed and twice rebuilt during his reign-made Henry III. so excessively unpopular with the Londoners. "A monk of St. Alban's, who tells the tale, asserts that a priest who was passing near the fortress saw the spirit of an archbishop, dressed in his robes, holding a cross, and attended by the spirit of a clerk, gazing sternly on these new works. As the priest came up, the figure spake to the masons, 'Why build ye these?' As he spoke he struck the walls sharply with the holy cross, on which they reeled and sank into the river, leaving a wreath of smoke behind. The priest was too much scared to accost the more potent spirit; but he turned to the humble clerk and asked him the archbishop's name 'St. Thomas the Martyr,' said the shade. The ghost further informed the priest that the two most popular saints in our calendar, the Confessor and the Martyr, had undertaken to make war upon these walls. Had they been built,' said the shade, 'for the defence of London, and in order to find food for masons and joiners, they might have been borne; but they are built against the poor citizens; and if St. Thomas had not destroyed them, the Confessor would have swept them away.' "The names of these popular saints still cling to the Watergate. One of the rooms, fitted up as an oratory, and having a piscina still perfect, is called the Confessor's Chapel; and the barbican itself, instead of bearing its official name of Watergate, is only known as St. Thomas's tower."-Hepworth Dixon. An arch beneath the terrace forms the approach to the Traitor's Gate, through which the water formerly reached to the stairs within the gloomy low-browed arch which we still see. Here it was that Anne Boleyn was landed, having been hurried hither without warning from a tournament at Greenwich, and fell upon her knees upon the steps, praying God to defend her, as she was innocent of the crime of which she was accused. Here, eighteen years after, her daughter Elizabeth stepped on shore, exclaiming, “Here landeth as true a subject, being a prisoner, as ever landed at these stairs, and before thee, O God, I speak it." Fuller mentions the proverb, "A loyal heart may be landed at Traitor's Gate ". "That gate misnamed, through which before, Went Sidney, Russell, Raleigh, Cranmer, More." Rogers' Human Life. In the room over the gate died the last Lord Grey of Wilton (1614) after eleven years of cruel imprisonment-on accusation of wishing to marry Lady Arabella Stuart without permission of James I. Beyond the Traitor's Gate, guarding the outer ward towards the river, were the Cradle Tower, the Well Tower, and the Galleyman Tower. Near the last was the approach called the Iron Gate. Returning to the main entrance, we pass into the Outer Ward through the Byward Tower (so called from the password given on entering it), having on the left the Bell Tower, in which Bishop Fisher and Lady Arabella Stuart were confined. There is a similar "Bell Tower" at Windsor, there almost the only remnant of the ancient castle. We should examine the Traitor's Gate as we pass it. The walls, both at the sides and in front towards the river, are perforated with little passages, with loopholes from which the Lieutenant of the Tower could watch, unseen, the arrival of the prisoners. We may linger a moment at the top of its steps also, to recollect that it was here that as Sir Thomas More was being led back to prison, after his condemnation, with the fatal sign of the reversed axe carried before him, his devoted daughter Margaret, who had been watching unrecognised amid the crowd, burst through the guards and flinging herself upon his neck, besought his blessing. "The blushing maid Who through the streets as through a desert stray'd, Would not be held; but bursting through the throng, Then turned and wept, then sought him as before, Believing she should see his face no more." Rogers' Human Life. Margaret was forced away from her father, but a second time broke away and threw her arms round his neck, with such piteous cries of "Oh my father, my father!" that the very guards were melted into tears, while he, "remitting nothing of his steady gravity," gave her his solemn blessing and besought her "to resign herself to God's blessed pleasure, and to bear her loss with patience." Immediately opposite the Traitor's Gate, another ancient arch with a portcullis admits us to the Inner Ward. The old ring on the left of the arch is that to which the rope was fastened, stretched across the roadway, from the boat which brought in the prisoners. This is altogether the most picturesque point in the building. It is called the Bloody Tower, from the belief that here the sons of Edward |