- 4-14-1 - M 1 -0.1543 1 35.274 1-2, 20462 10.9842 THE METRIC SYSTEM SIMPLIFIED. The following tables of the metric system of weights and measures have been simplified as much as possible for THE WORLD ALMANAC by omitting such denominations as are not in practical, everyday use in the countries where the system is used exclusively. TABLES OF THE SYSTEM.YO centímetres (cm.), Length. The denominations in practical use are millimetres (min.), (m.), and kilometres (km.). 10 mm.1 cm, 100 cm. 1 m.; 1,000 m 1 km. NOTE. -A decimetre is 10 cm. Weight. The denominations in use are grams (g.), kilos (kg.), and tons (metric tons). 1,000 g. 1 kg.; 1,000 kg. 1 metric ton. metres *Contraction for kilogram, † Centimetres. MINIMUM WEIGHTS OF PRODUCE. THE following are minimum weights of certain articles of produce according to the laws of the United States: Oats.. White Beans..... Per Bushel, White Potatoes...........60 lbs. Onions..........................57 Per Bushel, 60 lbs. .70 .56 .56 .48 46 46 Turnips......... Dried Peaches.. Dried Apples.. 46 Clover Seed.. 60 Flax Seed... .60 Millet Seed.. .46 44 .55 Per Bushel. 45 ........... 44 ** 44 44 33 44 26 48 .60 Malt.................. 34 20 44 Salt (see note below).. וי Castor Beans........ SALT.-Weight per bushel as adopted by different States ranges from 50 to 80 pounds. Coarse salt in Pennsylvania is reckoned at 80 pounds, and in Illinois at 50 pounds per bushel. Fine salt in Pennsylvania is reckoned at 62 pounds, in Kentucky and Illinois at 55 pounds per bushel, MEASURES AND WEIGHTS OF CREAT BRITAIN. THE measures of length and the weights are nearly, practically, the same as those in use in the United States. The English ton is 2,240 lbs. avoirdupois, the same as the long ton, or shipping ton of the United States. The English hundredweight is 112 lbs. avoirdupois, the same as the long hundredweight of the United States, The English stone is usually equal to one-eighth hundredweight of 112 lbs., or 14 lbs, avoirdupois. The metre has been legalized at 39. 37079 inches, but the length of 39. 370432 inches, as adopted by France, Germany, Belgium, and Russia, is frequently used. The Imperial gallon, the basis of the system of capacity, involves an error of about 1 part in 1,836: 10 lbs. of water- 277. 123 cubic inches. (A late authority gives the weight of the Imperial gallon as 10.017 pounds and of the United States gallon as 8.345 pounds.) The English statute mile is 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet. 4 gills NAMES. The following are measures of capacity: - 1 pint 1.25 1 quart 2.5 34.66 Litres. 1 pottle 5 138.64 2 pottles 2 gallons 1 gallon 1 peck. 20 4 pecks 1 bushel... 80 4 bushels 1 coomb.. 820 1640 Dry m'sure 554.55 2218. 19 8872.77 17745.54 36.34766 1.03152 bushels. 145.39062. A cubic foot of pure gold weighs 1,210 pounds; pure silver, 655 pounds; cast iron, 450 pounds; copper, 550 pounds; lead, 710 pounds; pure platinum, 1,920 pounds; tin, 456 pounds; aluminum, 163 pounds. DOMESTIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Apothecaries' Weight: 20 grains➡1 scruple; 3 scruples-1 dram; 8 drams-1 ounce; 12 ounces 1 pound. Avoirdupois Weight (short ton): 27 11-32 grains-1 dram; 16 drams 1 ounce; 16 ounces-1 pound; 25 pounds 1 quarter; 4 quarters 1 cwt.; 20 ewt. 1 ton. Avoirdupois Weight (long ton): 27 11-32 grains-1 dram; 16 drams-1 ounce; 16 ounces — 1 pound; 112 pounds 1 cwt.; 20 cwt. - 1 ton. Troy Weight: 24 grains 1 pennyweight; 20 pennyweights-1 ounce; 12 ounces-1 pound Circular Measure: 60 seconds - 1 minute; 60 minutes-1 degree; 30 degrees - 1 sign; 12 signs 1 circle or circumference. Cubic Measure: 1,728 cubic inches1 cubic foot; 27 cubic feet-1 cubic yard. Dry Measure: 2 pints 1 quart; 8 quarts-1 peck; 4 pecks 1 bushel. Liquid Measure: 4 gills- 1 pint; 2 pints 1 quart; 4 quarts-1 gallon; 31 gallons-1 barrel; 2 barrels 1 hogshead. Long Measure: 12 inches-1 foot; 3 feet-1 yard; 5% yards-1 rod or pole; 40 rods-1 furlong; 8 furlongs-1 statute mile (1,760 yards or 5,280 feet); 3 miles-1 league. Mariners Measure: 6 feet-1 fathom; 120 fathoms-1 cable length; 7 cable lengths - 1 mile; 5,280 feet 1 statute mile; 6,085 feet - 1 nautical mile. Paper Measure: 24 sheets-1 quire; 20 quires 1 ream (480 sheets); 2 reams-1 bundle; 5 bundles 1 bale. Square Measure: 144 square inches-1 square foot; 9 square feet 1 square yard; 304 square yards 1 square rod or perch; 40 square rods-1 rood; 4 roods-1 acre: 640 acres - 1 square mile; 36 square miles (6 miles square) 1 township. 1 minute: 60 minutes-1 hour; 24 hours-1 day; 7 days-1 Time Measure: 60 seconds week; 365 days-1 year; 366 days 1 leap year. MEDICAL SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS. B (Lat. Recipe), take; aã, of each; b. pound; 3. ounce; 3, drachm;, scruple; M, minim, or drop; O oro, pint; f3. fluid ounce: f3, fluid drachm; as, 3 ss, half an ounce; 31, one ounce; 3iss, one ounce and a half; 3ij, two ounces; gr., grain; Q. S., as much as suthicient; Ft. Mist., let a mixture be made; Ft. Haust., let a draught be made; Ad., add to; Ad lib., at pleasure; Aq., water; M., mix; Mac., macerate; Pulv., powder; Pil., pill; Solv., dissolve; St., let it stand; Sum., to be taken; D., dose; Dil., dilute; Filt, filter: Lot., a wash: Garg., a gargle; Hor. Decub., at bed time; Inject., injection; Gtt., drops; ss, one-half; Ess., essence. (Also used in Mexico, New Mexico, Arizona, and California,) 5,645.376 square varas (square of 672 475 1 section section section section 1-16 section 4,840 square yards 1,476. 13 acres. acres. acres. 1,107.1 acres, • 1,280 acres. 640 acres 320 acres. 160 acres, 80 acres $40 acres 1 acre. To find the number of acres in any number of square varas, multiply the latter by 177 (or to be more exact, by 177), and cut off six decimals. KNOTS AND MILES. THE Statute Mile is 5,280 feet. The Statute Knot is 6.082, 66 feet, and is generally considered the standard. The number of BUBAT feet in a statute knot is arrived at thus: The circumference of the earth is divided into 360 degrees, each degree containing 60 knots or (360x60), 21,600 knots to the circumference. 21,600 divided into 131,385,456-the number of feet in the earth's circumference-gives 6,082.66 feet-the length of a standard mile. 3 knots 1. 151 miles 4 knots 10 cables -1 cable kuot 4,606 miles | 20 knots 23. 030 miles | 600 feet ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. WITH AMERICAN EQUIVALENTS. WEIGHTS. The Roman libra or pound DRY MEASURE, The Roman modus 1 pk. 2-9 pint. LONG MEASURE. The Roman foot 11 3-5 inches. The modern drachma equals 19.3 cents. is the value indicated by Tacitus. 56 lbs. 11 oz. O pwt. 171-7 gr., Troy. MONEY. The quadrans-11-10 mills. The sestertius 3.58+ cents. The sestertium (1,000 sestertii)- $35. 80+. The Attic obolus 2.39 + cents. The drachma - 14, 35+ cents. The mina (100 drachmæ)= $14.35+ The talent (60 min) -861.00+. The Greek stater aureus (same as the Roman t) -$3.58,79. The stater-daricus $7.16,66. Did not remain, at all periods, at this value, but this BIBLICAL WEIGHTS REDUCED TO TROY WEIGHT. English Money: 4 farthings-1 penny (d); 12 pence-1 shilling (s); 20 shillings-1 pound (£). 21 shillings one guinea; 5 shillings Austro-Hungarian Money: 100 heller-1 krone. For United States equivalents, see table of Value of Foreign Coins in U, S. Money." 109 1015 107 0013405 107 Equivalent. 1 true ohm 1. 0112 Britishi Association ohms. Deposits 1.118 milligrams of silver per second. .926 of a standard Daniel cell. St Deposits 1.118 milligrams of silver. 2.5 knots of D. U. S. cable. horse power. (or 740) .238 unit of heat (Therm). (WHEREBY any questions of Geometrical Progression and of Double Ratio may be solved by Inspection, the Number of Terms not exceeding 56.) ILLUSTRATIONS-The 13th power of 2-8192, and the 8th root of 256-2. THE Standard Newspaper Measure, as recognized and now in general use is 13 ems pica. The standard of measurement of all sizes of type is the "em quad,'' not the letter "'m."' The basis of measurements adopted by the International Typographical Union is the lower-case alphabet, from "a" to "z" inclusive, and the ems used are the same body as the type measured. Dollars. SIMPLE INTEREST TABLE. (Showing at Different Rates the Interest on $1 from 1 Month to 1 Year, and on $100 from 1 Day to 1 Year) 4 PER CENT. 5 PER CENT. 6 PER CENT. 7 PER CENT. 8 PER CENT. 124 Swiss Stunde. YEARS IN WHICH A GIVEN AMOUNT WILL DOUBLE AT SEVERAL RATES OF INTEREST, 9. 3.46 3.81 4,15 4.50 4.85 5.19 5.54 5.88 6. 23 6.58 6.92 10 3.85 4. 23 4.62 5.00 5.38 6.54 6.92 7.31 7.69 11 7.62 8.04 8.46 8.31 8.77 9.23 9.00 9.50 10.00 5.77 6.15 6.35 6.77 7.19 6.92 7.38 7.85 7.50 8.00 8.50 8.08 8.62 5.77 6.35 6.92 7.50 8.08 8.65 9.23 9.81 10.38 10.96 11.54 7.69 8.46 9.23 10.00 10.77 11.54 12.31 13.03 13.85 14.62 15. 38 10.00 11.00 12,00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32,00 34.00 36.00 38,00 40.00 30.00 33.00 36,00 39.00 42,00 45,00 48.00 51.00 54.00 57,00 60,00 40.00 44.00 48.00 52.00 56,00 60,00 64,00 68.00 72.00 76.00 80.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75,00 80,00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 60,00 66.00 72.00 78.00 84.00 90.00 96.00 102.00 108, 00 114, 00 120, 00 70.00 77.00 84.00 91.00 98.00.105. 00 112. 00 119, 00 126.00 133.00 140. 00 80.00 88.00 96.00 104.00 112.00 120,00 128. 00 136. 00 144.00 152, 00.160.00 90,00 99,00 108, 00 117. 00 126. 00 135, 00 144, 00'153, 00 162, 00 171 00 180.00 100.00 110, 00 120. 00 130,00 140,00 150.00 160. 00 170, 00 180,00 190,00 200, 00 1 0.00 11. 00 132.00 143.00 154.00 165.00 176, 00 187.00 198, 00 209, 00 220.00 120, 00 132, 00 144, 00:156.00 168.00 180.00 192.00 204. 00 216 00:28. 001240. 00 *Six working days in the week. ROMAN AND ARABIC NUMERALS. 1XI 3 XIII 4 XIV 8 XVIII 9 XIX 10 XX 60 DCC. 11 XXX 12 XL 30 CCCC... 400 500 13L. 50 DC. 600 14 LX 700 15 LXX 70 BCCC 800 16 LXXX or XXC.. 80 CM 900 17 XC |