A TABLE OF PRINCIPAL AMERICAN RIVERS. NAMES. Sources. Junction of Coosa and Talapoosa, Ala Junction of Chattahoochee and Flint R., Ga. Adirondack Lakes, N. Y.. Formed by Locust and Mulberry Forks, Ala... Junction of Haw and Deep Rivers, N. C.. Mott and Meherin, N.C........ Llano Estacado, Tex... Junction of Green and Grand Rivers, Utah, Connecticut Lake, Vt...... Junction of Oostensula and Etowah Rivers, Ga. Junction of Poor and Straight Forks, Ky Catskil Mountains, N. Y Like Shetek, Minn Alleghany Mountains. Ga.. Allegany County, N. Y Sierra Madre Mountains, N. M. Southern low.... Highlands, Mich..... Yadkin River, N. C.......... Cumberland Mountains. Ky. Taganic Mountaius, Mass.... Lake Sanford, Adirondack Mountains, N. Y. Des Plaines River, Wis.... Jackson and Pastur Rivers, Va Junction of Greenbrier and New Rivers, Va. Smoky Hill River, Kan.. Grand Prairie, lil Moosehead Lake, Me Porks Cumberland Mountains, Ky. Rocky Mountains, Ore.... Junction Brule and Mequacumecum Rivers, Wis.. Eastern Dakota..... *Source of Missouri River. Source of Mississippi River. Total length from source of Missouri River to Gulf of Mexico, The Missouri River connects with the Mississippi 3 miles below Alton, Ill, Volga. Mackenzie.. Casplan Sea. Beaufort Sea.. 2,400 (River of Doubt) River Madeira. OPENING AND CLOSING OF NAVIGATION ON THE HUDSON RIVER, ERIE CANAL AND LAKE ERIE. River Open. Mar. 19, 1889. Opening of Lake NAVIGATION OF THE ERIE CANAL. Canal Open. April 10, 1889 3, 1890 337 April 28, 180. March 31, 1890 Mar. 22, 1891. Dec. 24, 1891. 277 May 5, 1891. May 1, 1892. Dec. 5. 919 April 14, 1892 April 1, 1993., Dec. 6, 1893. 250 May 3, 1893. April 15, 1893 May April 28, 1894 May April 4, 1895 May 1, 1896. April 19, 1896 May 8, 1897, April 6, 1897 March 25, 1898 Mar. 29, 1-99 Dec. 28, 1899. 275 April 26, 1899 Dec. 1. 219 April 27, 1899 April 25, 1900 April 22, 1900 Mar. 28, 1901.. Dec. May 7, 1901. April 20, 1901 April 24, 1902. 9, 1902 May 2, 1903. April 4, 1904. May 5, 1904. April 3, 1905. May 4, 1905. April 29, 1905 Mar. 22, 1906. May 2, 1906. April 15, 1906 May 1, 1907. April 6, 1907 May 5, 1908. April 25, 1908 May 15, 1909 April 22, 1909 May 15, 1910. April 15, 1910 Mar. 29, 1911. Jan. May 15, 1911. April 15, 1911 May 15, 1912. April 28, 1912 228 May 15, 1913.. April 13, 1913 +May 15-25, 1914... April 14, 1914 *At Buffalo. Eastern and Middle Divisions, May 15, 1914; Western Division, May 25, 1914. The record in the above table is kept by the State Superintendent of Public Works. CANALS. STATEMENT showing the cost, length and navigable depth of the principal canals of the United States and Canada used for commercial purposes. Miles Feet.t $6,339,098 96 7.320,000 75 57856 9 25,000 4 5,000,000 64 36 4,455,000 108 6 Location. Chicago, Ill., to La Salle, Ill. Ellinois River to Miss. River near Rock I., Ill. Connects Rehoboth and Delaware Bays. 5 Cincinnati, Ohio, to Toledo, Ohio. 356,000 11 6 5,716,686 217 9 500,000 7 10 8,062,680 274 Morris. 5,100,000 103 5 Muscle Shoals and Elk R. Shoals 3,156,919 16 North New River. 56 N. J. Coastal Inland Waterway Oswego. 5.239,526 38 Pennsylvania. 7,731,750 193 6 Portage Lake and Lake Superior 1,725,000 25 20 7 26 Öhlo. 70,000 10 4,000,000 118 12,461,600 108 64 75 287,000 1 20 1,180,000 3 20 9,400,000 1% 18% 9,475,000 14244 Jersey City, N. J., to Phillipsburg, N. J. Big Muscle Shoals, to Elk River Shoals, Tenn. Cleveland, Ohio to Dresden, Ohio. Oswego, N. Y., to Syracuse, N. Y. Columbla, Northumberland, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Port Arthur Canal to mouth Sabine River, Tex. 13,404,970 814 14-18 5 5,000,000 1 18 8,000,000 14 15 12,464,651 155 $29,250,951 264 14-22 the rapids between Chambly and St. Johns. Cornwall to Dickinson's Landing. Montreal to Lachine. Connects River Ottawa with Lake Ontario, Connects Lake Superior and Huron at St. Mary's River. Cascade Point to Coteau Landing. Trenton to Lake Huron. Connects Lake Ontario and Lake Erle. And improvements. Navigable depth. Under construction. Not including cost of Improvements and changes in locks, etc.. now under way. tt Consisting of the Farrans Point, Rapide Plat and Galops Canals. (a) Original cost of canal extending from Cleveland to Portsmouth, 317 miles, but now abandoned between Portsmouth and Dresden. The Erie Canal, Oswego Canal and Champlain Canal are now being enlarged by the State of New York to a depth of 12 feet, and with locks of a capacity to pass barges having a net torsage capacity of 2,000 tons each. The enlarged Champlain Canal between Northumberland and Whitehall, a distance of thirty-five miles, was completed and placed in commission in May, 1914 Several large sections of the Erle Barge Canal already have been completed and are in commission. At the time the ALMANAC went to press no definite date had been fixed for the opening of the Barge Canal throughout its entire length. The type of boat which may best navigate the new canal has not as yet been determined, but inasmuch as the lock-chambers will have an available length of 310 feet and a width of 45 feet, in all probability craft 150 feet in length by 30 or 35 feet in width will be best adapted for the new waterway. The estimated cost of enlarging the Erie, Champlain and Oswego Canals was $101,000,000. **The cost of enlarging the Cayuga and Seneca Canal to the same capacity as the improved Erle Canal is estimated at $7,000,000. The London Economist supplies the following table, showing the net tonnage of steamships and sailing vessels on the register of Great Britain and Ireland from 1840 to 1912: Metric System of Weights and Measures. THE METRIC SYSTEM has been adopted by Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Peru, etc., and except Russia and Great Britain, where it is permissive, by all European nations. Various names of the preceding systems are, however, frequently used: In Germany, kilogram- 1 pound; in Switzerland, 3-10 of a metre-1 foot, etc. If the first letters of the prefixes deka, hecto, kilo, myria, from the Greek, and deei, centi, mili, from the Latin, are used in preference to our plain English, 10, 100. etc., it is best to employ capital letters for the multiples and small letters for the subdivisions, to avoid ambiguities in abbreviations: 1 dekametre or 10 metres 1 dm. ; 1 decimetre or 1-10 of a metre 1 dm. The METRE, unit of length, is nearly the ten-millionth part of a quadrant of a meridian, of the distance between Equator and Pole. The International Standard Metre is, practically, nothing else but a length defined by the distance between two lines on a platinum-iridium bar at 00 Centigrade, deposited at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, Paris, France. The LITRE, unit of capacity, is derived from the weight of one kilogram pure water at greatest density, a cube whose edge is one-tenth of a metre and, therefore, the one-thousandth part of a metric ton. The GRAM, unit of weight, is a cube of pure water at greatest density, whose edge is one-hundredth of a metre, and, therefore, the one-thousandth part of a kilogram, and the one-millionth part of a metric ton. The Metric System was legalized in the United States on July 28, 1866, when Congress enacted as follows: The tables in the schedule hereto annexed shall be recognized in the construction of contracts, and in all legal proceedings, as establishing, in terms of the weights and measures now in use in the United States, the equivalents of the weights and measures expressed therein in terms of the metric system, and the tables may lawfully be used for computing, determining, and expressing in customary weights and measures the weights and measures of the metric system. The following are the tables annexed to the above: TABLES FOR THE CONVERSION OF METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES INTO CUSTOMARY UNITED STATES EQUIVALENTS AND THE REVERSE, From the legal equivalents are deduced the following tables for converting United States weights and measures: METRIC TO CUSTOMARY. LINEAR MEASURE, CUSTOMARY TO METRIC. Me Yards Me- Miles➡ Külotres. metres. 1,60935 8.21869 4,82804 41.219202 43,657607 4 6.43739 8.04674 9.65608 MeKilome- | Ins. Cen-| tres-Ins. Metres Feet, tres Yards. tres Miles. timetres Feet Metres. 139.37 13.28083 1-1.093611 1 0.62137 1 2.54 1 0.304801 | 1-0,914402 1 2 78.74 2 6.56167 22.187222 2-1. 24274 25.08 2-0, 609601 21.828804 2 3 118.11 3 9.84250 3 3.280833 31.86411 3 7.62 3-0,914402 32.743205 3 4157.48 413.12333 44.374444 42, 48548 4-10.16 5-196.85 5 16,40417 55, 468056 | 5_3, 10685 5-12,70 6-236.22 6-19.68500 66.5616676 3.72822 6-15.24 7 275.59 7-22.96583 7. 655278 7 4.34959 717.78 8 314.96 8 26,24667 8-8.748989 84,97096 9-354.33 9-29.52750 99,842500 9–5, 59233 SQUARE MEASURE. 2_0.310 221.528 2 2.392 5 1.524003 54, 572009 5 6-1,828804 6-5.486411 6 72.13360476, 400813 7-11, 26543 820.32 8 2.438405 8-7.315215 8-12.87478 922,869—2, 743205 98.229616 9-14, 48412 CUBIC MEASURE, 10.02832 10.155 1-10.764 1 1. 196 20.05663 33.558 3105, 943 30.08495 4-0.11327 3-0,465 40.620 5 0.775 60,930 71. 085 8-1.240 3-32.292 443.055 4- 4.784 553,819 5- 5.980 6_64.583 6 7.176 7 75.347 7- 8.372 8 86.111 8 9.568 9-1.395 996,874 910, 764 LIQUID MEASURE. 4141, 258 5-0.14159 DRY MEASURE. SQUARE MEASURE. H - 1- 6.452 958,063 LIQUID MEASURE. 1- 2.957 9-7.525 10.94636|1= 3.78543 27.57087 311, 35630 4-15, 14174 518,92717 6_22, 71261 7-26.49804 6_2.11436 65.67816 7-2.46675 720.701 7-6,62452 82.81914 823.659 8-7.57088 93.17154 926.616 8 30.28348 98.517249-34, 06891 |