LIFE INSURANCE STATISTICS-Continued.

RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS IN 1913 OF COMPANIES REPORTING TO THE NEW YORK INSURANCE DEPARTMENT.

Col'bian Nat'l.. Colonial, N. J.. Conn'cut Gen. Conn'cut Mut'l. Equitable, N. Y. Fidelity Mutual Germania..... Home Life... John Hancock.. Manhattan Life Mass. Mutual. Metropolitan... Mutual Benefit. Mutual, N. Y.. National, Vt... New Eng. M't'l New York Life. Niagara Life. Northw'n M't'l. Penn Mutual... Phoenix M't'l.. Pittsb'gh L.&T. Postal, N. Y.. Prov. Life & T. Prudential. Sec'ty M'l,N.Y. State Mutual.. Travelers'.... Union Central.. Union Mutual..

United States..

$12,024,878 $7,166,854 $19,191,732 $4,053,421 $2,579,518 $2,642,446 $1,512,229 $10,833,906 2,587,094 1,003,744) 3,590,838

2,217,205 1,148,507 132,922 14,264,969 2,365,910 2,861,022 9-,493,052

6,442,579 726,120
1,975,691 562,532
8,183,539

1,617,561 759,264

9,388,880 3,782,755 13,171,635

12,774,517 5,755,021 18,529,538 2,516,128 470,868

2,369.850 937,661 3,307,511

LIFE INSURANCE PROGRESS IN THE UNITED STATES.

IT is within the past seventy years that the vast business of life insurance in the United States has been developed. The experimental stage was ended and the era of advance was opened when, in 1843, the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York began business, its first policy having been issued on February 1 of that year.

Since then a large number of life insurance companies have been established. The following list Includes those now transacting business which had their inception between 1843 and 1860 inclusive, arranged according to the date of the first policy issued:

Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1843, February 1: New England Mutual Life Insurance Company (1), 1844, February 1; New York Life Insurance Company, 1845, April 17; Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company (2), 1845, May 6; State Mutual Life Assurance Company (3), 1845, June 1; Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1846, December 15; Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1847, June 25; Union Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1849, October 1; National Life Insurance Company of Vermont, 1850, February 1; United States Life Insurance Company, 1850, March 4; Etna Life Insurance Company, 1850, August 1; Manhattan Life Insurance Company, 1850, August 1; Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1851, August 2; Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1851, September 11; Berkshire Life Insurance Company (4), 1851, October 27; Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1858, November 25; Equitable Life Assurance Society, 1859, July 28; Washington Life Insurance Company, 1860, February 2; Home Life Insurance Company, 1860, May 1; Germania Life Insurance Company, 1860, July 16. How life insurance has progressed since the early part of 1843 is shown in the subjoined table by periods of years as indicated, assessment Insurance not being included.

AMERICAN EXPERIENCE TABLE OF MORTALITY. THIS is the mortality table prescribed by statute in most of the States as the basis upon which the reserves of life insurance companies shall be computed:

CASUALTY INSURANCE IN THE UNITED STATES. INSURANCE in force January 1, 1914-Personal Accident and Health, $5,000,000,000; Steam Boller, $750,000,000; Plate Glass, $175,000,000; Employers' Liability (estimated), $3,500,000,000; Fidelity, $1,500,000,000; Surety, $1,350,000,000; Credit, $40,000,000; Burglary, $80,000,000.

CASUALTY AND SURETY INSURANCE BUSINESS IN 1913. The following was the business transacted in the United States in 1913 by the companies doing a miscellaneous insurance business:

EIGHTEEN marine insurance companies reporting to the New York State Insurance Department bad on January 1, 1912, assets of $34,043,259, net surplus of $14,274,876 and premiums received $13,745,122, losses paid $5, 450, 268, risks written $10,395,373,098.

FIRE INSURANCE STATISTICS.

CONDITION AND TRANSACTIONS OF COMPANIES DOING BUSINESS IN THE
UNITED STATES, YEAR ENDING JANUARY 1, 1914,

298 Mutual

NUMBER OF COMPANIES.

Paid for Losses
during Year.

307 Stock*.

298 Mutual.....

$202,694,933

Net Surplus.
$285,504,036

Expenses other than

Cash Premiums Re-
ceived during Year.,

$381,036,994

Total Disburse-
ments during
Year.

Total Cash Income
during Year.
$416,975,367

Risks Written

during Year.

Pald for Dividends
Losses and Divi-
during Year.
dends during Year.
$33,460,384 $141,820,681 $377,975,998 †$50,000,000,000

* Including Lloyds. † Approximation. These statistics of fire insurance business in the United States are, with the exception of the estimate of risks written during the year, compiled from The Insurance Year- Book, published by The Spectator Company. They do not include the returns of a few stock companies and some 500 mutuals and town and county mutuals, whose transactions are purely local and individually of small volume.

CONDITION OF THE PRINCIPAL JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES DOING BUSINESS IN THE UNITED STATES JANUARY 1, 1914.*

COMPANIES.

Home, New York.
Continental, New York.
Hartford, Ct..
Ætna, Ct.

German-American, N. Y.
Ins. Co. of N. America.
National, Ct.....
Phoenix, Ct......
Fidelity-Phenix, N.Y..
Liv., Lon. & Globe, Eng.
Royal, England.
Springfield F. & M., Mass
American, N. J
Queen, New York..
Fireman's Fund, Cal....
St. Paul F. & M., Minn...
Fire Association, Pa.
N. British & Mercantile.
Globe & Rutgers, N. Y..
Pennsylvania Fire, Pa..
Germania Fire, N. Y..
Niagara Fire, N. Y.
Commercial Union, Eng.
Firemen's, N. J.......
Connecticut Fire, Ct...
Munich Reinsurance.
New Hampshire, N. H..
Scottish Union & N....
Boston, Mass

Glens Falls, N. Y

Rossia, Russia.

American Central, Mo...
Westchester Fire, N. Y..
Northern, England....
Providence Wash,,R.I...
London & Lancashire....

Admitted
Assets.

COMPANIES.

Net
Capital.
Surplus.
$33.717,075 $6,000,000 16,650,179 Williamsburg City.
27,680,826 2,000,000 17,115,848 Sun, England.
26,566,146 2,000,000 9,575,782 Hanover, N. Y.
22,443,991 5,000,000 11,751,926 Nat. Union, Pa....
21,892,016 2,000,000 11,412,954 Milwau. Mechanics'
17,801,877 4,000,000 8,000,000 Agricultural, N. Y..
16,029,747 2,000,000 6,541,967 Security, Ct........
15,675,637 3,000,000
14,972,649 2,500,000
14,032.996 †200,000
12,280,417 +200,000
10,943,903 2,500,000
10,004,903 1,000,000
9,980.013 1,000,000
9,887,498 1,500,000
9,473.155 500,000
9,091,916 750,000
8,787,077 +200,000
7,900,596 400,000
7,887,153 750,000
7,392,157 1,000,000
6,914,460 1,000,
6,904,096 † 200,000
6,859,575 1,000,000
6,761,549 1,000,000
6,417,942 200,000
6,262,177 1,350,000
5,941,135 +200,000
5,663,313 1,000,000
5,523,124 500,000
5,486,032 +200,000
5,333,329 2,000,000
5,170,139 300,000
5,112,377 +200,000
4,928,081 1,000,000

9,268,496 Ins. Co. State of Pa...
6,694,608 International, N. Y...
4,400.938 Phoenix Ass'ce, Eng..
3,032,185 Orient, Ct......
4,831,374 Nat.- Ben Franklin...
4,552,859 Franklin, Pa.....
4,939,008 Palatine, England...
3,613,239 Camden, N. J..
3,573,450 London, England....
8,245,966 Atlas, England...
3,380,216 Norwich Union, Eng..
3,495,446 North River, N. Y...
2,959,647 Commonwealth, N.Y.
3,728,227 Buffalo German, N. Y.
3,500,950 Jakor, Russia.....
2,114,614 Aachen&Munich, Ger.
3,740,404 Western Canada......
2,316,311 Girard F. & M., Pa...
1,463,327 Royal Exchange, Eng.
3,065 327 Concordia Fire, Wis..
3,408 911 Alliance, Pa.....
2,810,302 Detroit F. & M. Mich.
2,817,379 Caledonian, Scotland.
647,359 N.British&M'tile, N.Y
1,949,199 New Jersey Fire.......
1,530,240 Prussian National.....
2,095,754 Newark Fire, N. J..
1.959,008 Northern, N. Y.

Admitted
Assets.

Net Capital. Surplus. $4,839,137 $1,000,000 1,976,865 4,823,336 +200,000 1,452,5560 4,724,407 1,000,000 1,741,305 4,660,647 1,000,000 1,342,289 4,461,025 1,000,000 1,874,704 4,331,494 500,000 2,084,523 4,079.721 1,000,000 1,776,752 4 006,653 1,000,000 1,346,043 3,803,161 † 200,000 832,078 3,572,456 † 200,000 1,271.399 3,501,912 1,000,000 1,875,902 3,348,663 1,000,000 1,526,468 3,200,383 500,000 1,034,043 3,198,623 +200,000 1,206 201 3,056,475 600,000 1,412.106 3,042,792 1200,000 785,601 2,859,666 200,000 1,077,263 2,810,439 +200,000 973.599 2,733,108 2,633,367 2,631,632

500,000 1,107,508 500,000 1,684,780 200,000 1,861.075 2,611,069 † 200,000 696,943 2.589,232 + 200,000 1.174,513 2,585,640 † 200,000 1,061,363 2,477,989 500,000 872,665 2.369.185 +200,000 716,247 2,347,514 600,000 1,011,834 2,282.444

750,000 1,443,217

2,277,589

500,000 1,573,767

4,895,899 †200,000 1,854,123 Liv., Lon.&Globe, N.Y. 1.080,711

Annual statements of the fire insurance companies are rendered to the Insurance Departments during the month of January; therefore the statistics of condition January 1, 1915, were not ready when this publication went to press.

The New York law requires a deposit of $200,000 from foreign companies with the Insurance Department. This is treated by the department as deposit capital," and the surplus stated in the next column is surplus beyond deposit capital" and other liabilities.

ANNUAL PROPERTY LOSSES IN THE UNITED STATES BY FIRES.

CREAT CONFLAGRATIONS.

APPROXIMATE fire losses are shown in parentheses. Only fires of wide area are given. 1666-London; 13,350 buildings burned in an

area of 436 acres. ($53,000,000.) 1812-Sept., Moscow; fired to thwart Napoleon's invasion; 30,800 houses burned. ($150,000,000.) 1835-Dec. 16, New York; 674 houses and warehouses, including Merchants' Exchange, burned. The extent of this fire was attributable to narrow streets, a gale of wind and the intense cold, which froze the engines and rendered them useless. ($17,500,000.) 1839-Sept. 23, New York; 46 commercial buildings burned. ($4,000,000.) 1842-May 4, Hamburg; the number of streets burned through was 61; courts, 120; dwelling floors, 1,716: dwelling cellars, 468; cottages, 498. Total houses, 1,992. The number of persons rendered homeless was 21,526. ($35,000,000.) 1845-July 19, New York; 302 houses destroyed in the best business part of the city. ($7,500,000.) 1846-June 9, St. John's, N. F.: nearly the whole of the town destroyed. ($5,000,000.) 1848-Aug. 16, Constantinople: some 2,500 shops and 500 houses, including some splendid palaces, burned. ($15,000,000.) 1848-Aug. 17, Albany, N. Y.; 439 houses burned. ($3,000,000.)

1849-May 18, St. Louis; about one-half the business portion of the city destroyed. ($3,000,000.)

1851-May 3, San Francisco, Cal.; 2,500 houses
burned. ($3,500,000.)

1852-July 8, Montreal; some 15.000 persons
rendered homeless. ($5,000,000.)
1852-Nov. 12, Sacramento City, Cal.; about
2,500 buildings destroyed. ($5,000,000.)
($10,000,000.)
1861-Dec. 12, Charleston, S. C.
1862-June 10, St. Petersburg, Russia.

($5,000,000.)
1866-July 4, Portland, Me.; a fire-cracker thrown
by a boy during the celebration of Inde-
pendence Day led to the destruction of
nearly all the business portion of the city,
including eight churches, the banks, news-
paper offices, etc. More than 2,000 familles
were rendered homeless. ($10.000.000.)
1866-Oct. 16, Quebec: 2,500 houses and 17 con-
vents and churches burned: 18,000 people
rendered homeless. ($3,000,000.)
1866-Nov. 30, Yokohama, Japan; ruins covered
50 acres. ($3,000,000.)

1869-Aug. 4, Philadelphia: over 25,000 barrels
of whiskey burned. ($3,500,000.)
1870-June 5, Constantinople; greater part of
Pers destroyed, Including about 7,000
houses. ($25,000,000.)

1871-Oct. 8, Chicago; this fire destroyed 17.450
buildings, covering an area of nearly three
and one-third square miles. ($200,000,000.)

1872-Nov. 9, Boston; in less than 48 hours it
reduced to ruins 776 houses, including many
of the largest business blocks in the city,
covering some 60 acres, including the old
post-office and old Trinity Church.
($75,000,000.)
1874-Feb. 12. London: the Pantechnicon,
Belgrave Square. ($9,250,000.)

1874-July 14, Chicago; new post-office, five
hotels, four chapels, two theatres, etc.. ex-
tending over
district of 60 acres.
($4,000,000.)
1875-Oct. 26, Virginia City, Nev. ($7,500,000.)
1875-Oct. 27, Iquique, Peru; this fire was dis-
covered at 2 A. M., and before noon three-
fourths of the city had vanished. ($5,000,000.)
1876-June 18, Quebec; both sides of Richelleu

Street and east side of Champlain Street
destroyed. ($6,000,000.)

1876-Sept. 3, St. Hyacinth, Canada;

town

nearly consumed, including the post-office,
market, court house, 3 banks, 80 stores and
500 other buildings. ($15,000,000.)

1877-June 20, St. John, N. B.; extended over
an area of 600 acres. Loss of life estimated
at 100. ($15,000,000.)
1882-Dec. 11, Kingston, Jamaica. ($10,000,000.)
1889-June 6, Seattle, Wash. ($6,626,000.)
1889-Nov. 27, Boston; Bedford St. ($5,000,000.)
1892-July 8, St. John's, N. F.; 600 buildings.
($25,000,000.)

1892-Oct. 20, Milwaukee, Wis. ($5,000,000.)
1896-Oct. 5, Guayaquil, Ecuador. ($22,000,000.)
1897-Nov. 19, London; Cripplegate, 122 ware-
houses. ($5,000,000.)

1900-April 27, Ottawa, Hull, Ontario. ($10,000,000.)

1900-June 30, Hoboken, N. J.; dock property,
merchandise and steamers. ($4,627,000.)
1901-May 3, Jacksonville, Fla. ($10,050,000.)
1902-Feb. 9, Paterson, N. J.; 456 buildings.
($5.817,305.)

1904-Jan. 23, Aesland, Norway: entire town,
built of wood, destroyed. ($6,000,000.)
1904-Feb. 7, Baltimore; over seventy blocks

and 2,500 buildings were totally destroyed.
($50,000,000.)

1904-April 19, Toronto; three and a half blocks destroyed. ($12,000,000.)

1906-April 18, San Francisco, Cal. ($350,000,000.)

1908-April 12, Chelsea, Mass. ($6,000,000.)
1909-April 2, Fort Worth, Tex. ($5,000,000.)
1909-July 31, Osaka, Japan; thousands made
homeless.

1912-Jan. 16, Osaka, Japan; 5,000 buildings de-
stroyed, 30,000 people made homeless.
1912-Feb. 21, Houston, Tex. ($7,000,000.)
1912-April 28, Damascus, Syria. ($10,000,000.)
1914-June 25. Salem, Mass.; about 1,000 build-
ings destroyed, thousands made homeless.
($10,000,000.)

STATE FIRE MARSHALS.

FOLLOWING is a list of the Fire Marshals holding office in each of the States; their duties being to provide and put in operation means for the prevention of fires and to investigate the causes of fires that have taken place. The laws of almost all the States give them extensive powers, and they have the right to enter premises and compel the attendance of witnesses in the pursuance of their duties.

Mississippi.. J. W. Miller. ... Jackson.

Fire Marshals for Canada as follows: E. F. Gunther, Victoria, B. C.; A. Lindback, Winnipeg, Manitoba; R. J. McLean, Regina, Saskatchewan. Acting.

NATIONAL WOMEN'S TRADE UNION LEAGUE.

The object of the league is to promote among women wage-earners organization into the trade unions of the American Federation of Labor. President Mrs. Raymond Robins. Secretary-Treasurer-Miss S. M. Franklin. Headquarters -127 N. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill. The officers of the New York society are: President-Melinda Scott. Treasurer-Florence Wise. Secretary-Alice S. Bean. Headquarters, 43 E. Twenty-second Street, New York City.

PUBLIC ROADS IN THE UNITED STATES.

(From a Summary of Bulletin No. 41, Issued by the Office of Public Roads, United States Department of Agriculture and supplemented in 1914 by later information.) MILEAGE AND COST OF PUBLIC ROADS IN THE UNITED STATES. STATISTICS ON ROAD MILEAGE 1904. Total mileage of stone roads in United States. Total mileage of gravel roads in United States.. Total mileage of sand-clay. brick, bituminous-macadam & other impr'd roads in U. s. OF IMPROVED

STATISTICSON ROAD MILEAGE Total mileage of all public roads in United States.... Total mileage of all improved roads in United States...... Porcentage of all roads improved..

1909.

1913.

2,199,645

2,228,042

190,476

229,219

8.66

10.2

STATES HAVING LARGEST MILEAGE

1909

36,818 109,905 102,870(a)

59,237

6,806

28,372

10.114 10,636

8.914 9.000 8,463 8,845

STATES WHICH HAVE MADE THE GREATEST PROGRESS IN ROAD BUILDING.

The gain in Georgia is largely attributed to the use of 5,500 prisoners on the public roads of the State. The gain in South Carolina, Alabama and Florida is due largely to the fact that sand-clay roads are being built and that this is very cheap and satisfactory. STATES SHOWING THE GREATEST PERCENTAGE

The following States have between 5 and 10 per cent. of roads improved: Alabama, Maine, Michigan, Tennessee and Washington.

AVERAGE COST PER MILE OF IMPROVED ROADS IN 1909.

ESTIMATED COST PER MILE OF IMPROVED ROADS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Ave. Cost Total Estimated
ROADS.
per Mile.

VALUE OF RIGHTS OF WAY ON ALL PUBLIC ROADS IN THE UNITED STATES. On a basis of 40-foot width, there are 10,668,276 acres of rights of way included in the publie roads of the United States.

Based on the average value of farm lands in the various States, the total value of these rights of way would amount to $345,652,215.

Cost of improved roads.

Value of rights of way..

Total...

$561,604,806

345,652,215

$907,257,021

It is estimated that the total expenditure for the year 1913 was $204,681,000. Highway bonds issued, or authorized, by States, counties, and townships for the purpose of construction or improvement of public roads to January 1, 1914, State bonds, $158,900,000; county and township bonds, $287,011,018. Does not include city bonds for street improvements.