Grand Total-N. Y. City..34,128 682,796 41,093641,703 418,265 2,633 215.420 5,385 189,392 327,814 116,522 Manhattan.. 23,479 463,615 33,135 430,480 265,577 1,589 160,2043,110 154,090216,725 57,696 1,614 26,317) 753 25,564 20,160 157 4,970 277 6,343 14,267 4,318 7,949 152,884 5,107 147,777 100,793 654 44,717 1,613 21,391 80,222 43,033 851 31,687 1,768 29,919 24,592 209 4.748 370 6,910 12.825 8,188 235 8,293 330 7,963 7,143 24 7811 15 658 3.775 3.287 The Bronx. Brooklyn.. Queens. Richmond. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES OF NEW YORK STATE PRISONS. Statement showing the financial results of the operation of industries of Sing Sing Prison, Auburn Prison, Clinton Prison, Prison for Women, and Great Meadow Prison during the fiscal years ended September 30, 1912, and September 30, 1913, as per books and records of the prisons. $24,103.97 $21.321,97 $2.782.00 13 $22,520.47 $17,722.70 $4,797.77 73419 27 33 34 31 59 +7-10 23 +12 15 31 19,015.69 14,109.53 4,906.16 35 13,229.68 14,664.13 †1,434.45 +10 37 8-10 16 337,878.00 260,993.37 76,884.63 363,742.23 299,213.81 64,528.42 62,895.63 47,030.72 15.864.91 179.912.88 135,137.43 44,775.45 29 308,138.88 234.586,38 73,552.50 21155,190.16133,827.10 21,363.06 60 87.433.55 88,689.33 +1,255.78 +14-10 PRISON FOR WOMEN. Cotton and hair mattress. *GREAT MEADOW PRISON. Farming, etc...... Total all prisons. 4,646.33 3,382.35 1,263.98 37 *4.817.21 2.368.01 2,449.20 103 27.853,156.86714,006.27 139,150.59| 19 † Loss. 230 Workers in the United States, by Age and Color or Race. VALUES OF PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES EXPORTED FROM For 1914, automobiles and parts of automobiles exported were $33,198,806; paraffin and paraffin wax, 86,516,338; manufactures of tobacco, $7,489,811; manufactures of wool. $4,790,087. WORKERS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY AGE AND COLOR OR RACE. (From a report of the Bureau of Census, July 9, 1914.) MORE than eight in every ten (81.3 per cent.) males ten years of age and over in the United States In the tabulation of occupations for this report in 1910 were engaged in gainful occupations, according to the figures presented in the Report on Occupations issued by the Director of the Census. all gainful workers were distributed in the following five age periods: Ten to thirteen years. fourteen to fifteen, sixteen to twenty, twenty-one to forty-four (including age unknown), and forty five years and over. In the lowest age period, ten to thirteen years, the proportion of males gainfully In this age occupied was one in six (16.6 per cent.); in the next age period, fourteen to fifteen, the proportion more than doubled, being over two in each five (41.4 per cent.); and in the age period sixteen to twenty the proportion increased to almost four in five (79.2 per cent.). The proportion was highest for the age period twenty-one to forty-four years (including persons of unknown age). period 96.7 per cent. of the males were gainfully occupied; or stated otherwise, only 3.3 men out of every 100 in this age group were without gainful occupation in 1910. In the highest age period, forty-five years and over, the proportion of males gainfully occupied was 85.9 per cent. The proportion of all males ten years of age and over engaged in gainful occupations was slightly larger in 1910 than in 1900, but this increase was confined to two age periods, sixteen to twenty and twenty-one to forty-four. In each of the other age periods the proportion of gainful workers was smaller in 1910 than in 1900, the decrease being greatest for the age period fourteen to fifteen. Of the females ten years of age and over, 23.4 per cent. were engaged in gainful occupations in 1910. The proportion was 8 per cent. in the age period ten to thirteen: 19.8 per cent. in the age period fourteen to fifteen; 39.9 per cent. in the age period sixteen to twenty: 26.3 per cent. In the age period twenty-one to forty-four; and 15.7 per cent. in the age period forty-five years and over. The large proportion of the females sixteen to twenty years of age engaged in gainful occupations is accounted for by the fact that in this age period all the females are old enough to work, and matrimony has had little effect in decreasing the number of workers. There was a marked increase from 1900 to 1910 in the proportion of all females ten years of age and over engaged in gainful occupations, or from 18.8 to 23.4 per cent. In each age period also the proportion of the gainful workers was considerably larger in 1910 than in 1900. Of the 30,091,564 gainfully occupied males in the United States in 1910, 14,855,825 were native whites of native parentage, 5,285,811 native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 6,588,711 foreignborn whites, 3,178,554 negroes, and 182,663 Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and all other. The proportion which the gainfully occupied males formed of all males ten years of age and over in each principal class of the population was, for native whites of native parentage, 78.5 per cent.; native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 76.5 per cent.; foreign-born whites, 90 per cent.; negroes, 87.4 per cent.; and Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and all other, 80.8 per cent. Native white males of native parentage formed 49.4 per cent. of the male gainful workers, as compared with 51.1 per cent. of all males ten years of age and over; while the corresponding percentages for native white males of foreign or mixed parentage were 17.6, as compared with 18.7 per cent.; for foreign-born white males, 21.9, as compared with 19.8 per cent.; and for negro males, 10.6, as compared with 9.8 per cent. Of the 8.075,772 gainfully occupied females, 3,098,639 were native whites of native parentage, 1,722,279 native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 1,222,791 foreign-born whites, 2,013,981 negroes, and 18,082 Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and all other. The proportion which the gainfully occupied females formed of all females ten years of age and over in each principal class of the popu lation was, for native whites of native parentage, 17.1 per cent.; native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 24.6 per cent.; foreign-born whites, 21.7 per cent.; negroes, 54.7 per cent.; and Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and all other, 17.6 per cent. Native white females of native parentage formed 38.4 per cent. of the female gainful workers, as compared with 52.5 per cent. of all females ten years of age and over; while the corresponding percentages for native white females of foreign or mixed parentage were 21.3, as compared with 20.3 per cent.; for foreign-born white females, 15.1, as compared with 16.3 per cent; and for negro females, 24.9, as compared with 10.7 per cent. The males There were 1,990,225 children of both sexes, ten to fifteen years of age, engaged in gainful occupations in 1910, or 18.4 per cent. of the total number of children of that age group. numbered 1,353,139, and the females 637,086. In 1900 1.750,178, or 18.2 per cent. of the children ten to fifteen years of age were engaged in gainful occupations; and in 1880 1,118,356, or 16.8 per cent., of them. The increase from 1900 to 1910 in the number, and hence in the proportion, of all children ten to fifteen years of age engaged in gainful occupations was confined to children engaged in agricultural pursuits, where the increase was 369,283, or 34.8 per cent., for both sexes: 166,394, or 19.5 per cent.. for the males; and 202,889, or 97.9 per cent., for the females. There was a marked decrease from 1900 to 1910 in the number of children ten to fifteen years of age engaged in non-agricultural pursuits. This decrease was 129,236, or 18.8 per cent., for both sexes; 77,666, or 19 per cent., for the males and 51,570, or 18.5 per cent., for the females. Workmen's Compensation Laws. IN order to facilitate the study and comparison of the Compensation laws of the various States, they are analyzed in the following pages according to a uniform outline designed to show clearly the most important features of the several plans. ARIZONA. Date of enactment.-June 8, 1912; In effect September 1, 1912; amended May 13, 1913; in effect October 1, 1913. Injuries compensated.-Ali accidental injuries causing disability of at least two weeks, or death, arising out of and in the course of the employment, caused in whole, or in part, or contributed to, by a necessary risk or danger of, or inherent in the nature of the employment, or by failure of the employer or his agents to exercise due care or to comply with any law affecting the employment. Industries covered.-All especially dangerous employments, including the construction, operation and maintenance of steam and street railroads, using or working near explosives, building work using iron or steel frames or hoists, derricks, or ladders or scaffolds 20 or more feet above ground; telegraph, telephone or other electrical work; work in mines, quarries, tunnels, subways, etc.; all mills, shops and factorles using power machinery. Industries declared especially dangerous are specified in law. Elective as to other Industries. Persons compensated.-Private employment: All employés in Industries covered. Public employment: No provision. Burden of payment.-Entire cost rests upon the employer. Compensation for death.-(a) To persons wholly dependent a lump sum equal to 2,400 times one-half the daily wages or earnings of the deceased employé, but not to exceed $4,000. Payments to children cease on reaching the age of 18 years. (b) If no dependents, the reasonable expenses of medical attendance and burial of deceased employé. Compensation for disability.-(a) For total disability, 50 per cent. of the employé's semi-monthly earnings during the time he is unable to work at any gainful occupation. (b) For partial disability, a semi-monthly payment equal to one-half the wage decrease. (c) The total amount of payments for total or partial disability caused by a single injury not to exceed $4,000. Revision of benefits.-Examinations as to the nature of injury and degree of incapacity, etc., may be required by either party at intervals of not less than three months. Insurance. The employer may insure provided the liability for compensation is not less than the compensation fixed by law. Security of payments.-A judgment for compensation issued by a court is collectible without relief from valuation or appraisement laws and has the same preferential claim as is allowed by law for unpaid wages or personal services. Settlement of disputes.-Disputes may be settled by (a) written agreement between the parties, (b) arbitration, or (c) by reference to the Attorney-General of the State, in case of failure or refusal to agree by any of the modes above provided, then by a civil action at law. CALIFORNIA. Date of enactment.-April 8, 1911; in effect September 1, 1911; amended May 26, 1913; in effect January 1, 1914. Injuries compensated.-Injuries arising out of and in the course of employment causing disability for more than two weeks, or death, and not the result of the intoxication or wilful misconduct of the injured employé. Industries covered.-All excepting agriculture and domestic service. Persons compensated.-Private employment: Every person in the service of an employer for hire, including allens, apprentices and members of employer's family who perform labor, excepting casual laborers. Public employment: Persons employed by the State and its political subdivisions, and all public corporations. Burden of payment.-Entire cost rests upon the employer. Compensation in case of death.-(a) To persons wholly dependent. 3 times the annual earnings of the deceased employé; not less than $1,000 nor more than $5,000, payable at least monthly in instalments equal to 65 per cent. of the wages. Payments to children cease on reaching the age of 18 years, unless mentally or physically incapacitated for earning a living. (b) If only partial dependents survive, such proportion of the above as corresponds to the ratio between the earnings of the deceased and his contribution to their support. (c) If no dependents, the reasonable expense of burial, not exceeding $100. Compensation for disability.-(a) Reasonable medical, surgical and hospital treatment required during the first 90 days after the injury. (b) For temporary total disability, 65 per cent. of average weekly earnings during such disability. (c) For temporary partial disability, 65 per cent. of weekly loss of wages during such disability. (d) The aggregate amount of benefits for a single injury causing temporary disability is limited to three times the annual earnings of the injured person, with a maximum benefit period of 240 weeks. (e) For permanent disability, 65 per cent. of average weekly earnings, for periods varying from 40 to 240 weeks, according to the degree of disability. After the expiration of 240 weeks a further benefit varying from 10 to 40 per cent. of the weekly earnings is payable during the remainder of life, when the degree of disability reaches or exceeds 70 per cent. In case of permanent incapacity or death, a lump sum may be substituted for benefits, such lump sum to equal the present value of the benefits computed at 6 per cent. Revision of benefits.-Decisions and awards may be reviewed at any time during the first 245 weeks, after legal notice received. Insurance.-A State insurance fund is created under State control for the purpose of insuring employers against liability. Employers may effect insurance for liability for accident with any Insurance company. Municipalities are required to insure in the State fund, unless the risk is refused. Security of payments.-A claim for injury or death of an employé or any award shall have the same preference over other unsecured debts as is given by law to claims for wages, but not so as to impair a llen of a previous award. Settlement of disputes.-Disputes are settled by the State Industrial accident commission, subject to a limited review by the courts. CONNECTICUT. Date of enactment.-May 29, 1913; in effect January 1, 1914. Injuries compensated. All injuries arising out of and in the course of employment, disability of more than two weeks, or death, except when injury is caused by wilful and serious misconduct of the Injured employé, or by his Intoxication. Industries covered.-All Industries, in absence of contrary election by employer. Persons compensated.-Private employment: All employés of employers accepting the act, In absence of contrary election. Public employment: Employés of the State and any public corporation within the State using the services of another for pay. Burden of payment.-Entire cost rests upon the employer. Compensation for death.-(a) $100 for burial expenses. (b) To persons wholly dependent, a weekly compensation equal to one-half the earnings of the deceased employé. (c) If only partial dependents survive, a weekly compensation, determined according to the measure of dependence, not exceeding one-half the earnings of the deceased employé. (d) If no dependents, the sum of $750 is to be paid to the State Treasurer to meet the lawful expenses of the Compensation Commissioners. (e) Compensation shall in no case be more than $10 or less than $5 weekly, and shall not continue longer than 312 weeks. A widow's or widower's dependence ceases with remarriage, and a child's upon reaching 18 years of age, unless physically or mentally incapacitated. Compensation for disability.-(a) Medical and surgical aid and hospital service during the first 30 days. (b) For total disability, a weekly compensation equal to one-half the employe's earnings. not more than $10 or less than $5 weekly, or for longer than 520 weeks. (c) For partial disability. a weekly compensation equal to one-half the wage loss. but not more than $10 per week, or for longer than 312 weeks. For specified injuries causing permanent partial disability, one-half the average weekly earnings for fixed periods, In lieu of all other payments. Lump sum payments may be approved by the Commissioner, provided they equal the value of the compensations. Rertsion of benefits.—Review may be had upon request of either party, whenever it shall appear to the Compensation Commissioner that the incapacity or the measure of dependence has changed. Insurance.Approved schemes may be substituted, provided the benefits are equivalent to those provided by law. Insurance may be taken in approved stock or mutual companies or associations. Security of payments.-Employer must furnish the Insurance Commissioner satisfactory proof of his solvency and financial ability to pay awards, file satisfactory security with the Insurance Commissioner, or insure in approved stock or mutual companies or associations. Settlement of disputes.-Disputes are to be settled by the Compensation Commissioners. Appeals from findings and awards of any Commissioner may be made to the Superior Court of the county without cost to either party. ILLINOIS. Date of enactment.-June 10, 1911; in effect May 1, 1912; amended June 28, 1913, in effect July 1, 1913. Injuries compensated.-Accidental injuries arising out of and in the course of employment causing permanent disfigurement, disability of over 6 working days, or death. Industries covered.-The building trades; construction, excavating and electrical work; transportation; mining and quarrying; work with or about explosives, molten metals, Injurious gases or vapors, or corrosive acids; and all enterprises in which the law requires protective devices; provided the employer elects. Other employers may elect, but forfeit no defenses if they do not. Compulsory as to State and its municipalities. Public employment: All persons Persons compensated.-Private employment: All employés. employed by the State, county, municipality, etc., except officials. Burden of payment.-Entire cost rests on the employer. Compensation for death.-(a) To persons wholly dependent or to lineal heirs to whose support the employé had contributed within 4 years, a sum equal to 4 years' earnings, not less than $1,500 nor more than $3,500. (b) If only dependent collateral heirs survive, such a percentage of the above sum as the support rendered during the past two years was of the earnings of the deceased. no dependents, a burial benefit not exceeding $150. (c) If Compensation for disability.-(a) Medical and surgical aid for not over 8 weeks, not over $200 in value. (b) For total disability, beginning with eighth day, a weekly sum equal to one-half the employé's earnings, $5 minimum, $12 maximum, during disability or until payments equal a death benent; thereafter, if the disability is permanent, a sum annually equal to 8 per cent. of a death benefit, but not less than $10 per month. (c) For permanent partial disability, one-half the loss of earning capacity, not less than $5 nor more than $12 a week. (d) For certain specific injuries (mutilations, etc.), an additional benefit of 50 per cent. of weekly wages for fixed periods. (e) For serious and permanent disfigurement, not causing incapacity, and not otherwise compensated, a sum not exceeding one-fourth the death benefits. No payments are to extend beyond 8 years except in case of permanent total incapacity. Lump sum payments for either death or disability may be substituted for periodic payments by the industrial board. Reviston of benefits.-Medical examinations may be had not oftener than every four weeks. The industrial board may, on request, review instalment payments, within eighteen months after the award or agreement thereon. Insurance. The employer may insure or maintain a benefit system, but may not reduce his liability under the act. Security of payments.-In case of insolvency, awards constitute lens upon all property of the employer within the county, paramount to all other claims, except wages, taxes, mortgages or trust deeds. Employers must furnish proof of ability to pay, or give security, Insure, or make other provision for security of payment. The rights of an Insolvent employer to insurance indemnities are subrogated to injured employés. Settlement of disputes.-Disputes are determined by the industrial board, through an arbitration committee, subject to review by the board. Questions of law may be reviewed by the Supreme Court. IOWA. Date of enactment.-April 18, 1913; in effect (a) establishing Industrial commission and providing for Insurance of employés, July 4, 1913; (b) compensation features, July 1, 1914. Injuries compensated. All personal injuries arising out of and in the course of the employment causing disability of more than two weeks, or death; except when caused by the injured employe's wilful intention to injure himself or another, or by the intoxication of the employé. Industries covered.-All Industries except agriculture, in absence of contrary election by employer. Compulsory as to State and its municipalities. Persons compensated.-Private employment: All employés in Industries covered in absence of contrary election, except clerks not subjected to the hazards of the industry and casual employés. Public employment: All employés of the State and its subdivisions. Burden of payment.-Entire burden is on employer. Compensation for death.--(a) Reasonable expenses of the employé's last sickness and burial, not to exceed $100. (b) To persons wholly dependent, a weekly payment equal to 50 per cent. of the wages of the deceased employé, but not more than $10 nor less than $5 per week, for 300 weeks. (c) If only partial dependens survive, such a proportion of the above as the amounts contributed by the employé to such partia dependents bear to his annual earnings. (d) If the employé was a minor whose earnings were received by the parent, a sum to the parent equal to two-thirds of the amount provided for persons wholly dependent. Compensation for disability.-(a) Reasonable surgical, medical and hospital services and supplies for first two weeks, not exceeding $100. (5) For total temporary disability 50 per cent. of wages, not more than $10 nor less than $5 (unless wages are less than $5. then full wages, for not more than 300 weeks. (c) For total permanent disability, the same compensation as for temporary disability, to be paid for a period of not more than 400 weeks. (d) For partial permanent disab lity (specified maimings), 50 per cent. of average weekly wages for fixed periods. Lump sum payments may be substituted on approval of the court. Revision of benefits.-Payments may be reviewed by the industrial commissioner at the request of either party. Insurance.-Employers may insure In approved companies or mutual associations, or contract with employés to maintain approved scheme in lieu of the compensation provided by law, provided there is no diminution of benefits. Security of payments.-Employers must insure in approved companies or mutual associations, or furnish satisfactory proof of financial ability to make payments, or deposit security with the State insurance department. In case of insolvency of the insurer, a claim for compensation becomes a first lien, and in case of legal incapacity of insured to receive the amount due, the insurer must settle directly with the beneficiary. Settlement of disputes.-Disputes may be settled by arbitration. KANSAS. Date of enactment.-March 14, 1911; in effect January 1, 1912; amended March 10, 1913. Injuries compensated.-Injuries by accident arising out of and in the course of employinent not due to intoxication or deliberate intention of injured employé, or caused by his wilful failure to use safeguards provided by statute or furnished by employer, causing incapacity to earn full wages for at least two weeks, or death. Industries covered.-Railways, factories, quarries, electrical, building or engineering work, laundries, natural gas plants, county and municipal work, employments requiring the use of dangerous, explosive or inflammable materials, if employing 5 or more persons; and mines_without reference to the number of employés, in absence of contrary election; employers of less than 5 persons may also elect. Persons compensated.-Private employment: All employés, including apprentices, but excludIng casual employés. Public employment: Workmen on county and municipal work. Burden of payment.-Entire cost rests upon the employer. Compensation for death.-(a) To persons wholly dependent, a sum equal to 3 years' earnings of the deceased employé, not less than $1,200 nor more than $3,600. For non-resident alien beneficiaries (except in Canada) the maximum is $750. (b) If only partial dependents survive, a sum proportionate to the injury to such dependents. (c) If no dependents are left, a reasonable expense for medical attendance and burial, not exceeding $100. Compensation ceases upon the marriage of any dependent, or when a minor, not physically or mentally incapable of wage earning, shall become 18 years of age. Compensation for disability.-(a) For total incapacity, payments during incapacity after the second week, equal to 50 per cent. of earnings, but not less than $6 nor more than $15 per week. (b) For partial Incapacity, payments during incapacity, after the second week, not less than 25 nor more than 50 per cent. of earnings, not less than $3 nor more than $12 per week, except in case of minors earning less than $10 per week, in which case the compensation shall not be less than 75 per cent. of the earnings. No payments for total or partial disability shall extend over more than 8 years. After six months, lump sum payments may be substituted, as agreed upon or determined by the court. Revision of benefits.-Any award may be modified at any time by agreement. After one year elther party may demand a revision. Employés must submit to medical examination at reasonable periods to determine their physical condition. Insurance. The employer may insure in any approved Insurance scheme which provides compensation not less favorable than is provided in th's act. Security of pauments.-Lump sums awarded by the court may be secured by order of the court by a good and sumclent bond when there is doubt of security of payment. If the employer was insured, the insurer shall be subrogated to the rights and duties of the employer. Settlement of disputes.-Disputes not settled by agreement may be referred to arbitrators, subject to an appeal to courts. MARYLAND. Date of enactment.-April 15, 1912; in effect same date. Injuries compensated.--Injuries by accident arising out of and in the course of employment resulting in death or disability, not caused by the injured employé's Intoxication, or wilful intention to produce such injury. Contract may provide that injury must incapacitate employé from earning full wages for at least one week. Industries covered.-All Industries, on agreement between employers and employés. Public employment: No provision. Burden of payment.-Not less than 50 per cent., plus cost of management In case of establishment funds. on employer: remainder on employé. Compensation for death.-(a) To persons wholly dependent, a sum equal to 3 years' earnings of the deceased employé, but not less than $1,000. (b) If only partial dependents survive, a sum equal to that provided for total dependence, less six times the average annual earnings of the beneficiary. (c) If no dependents, reasonable expenses of medical attendance and in addition burial expenses not less than $75 nor more than $100. (d) Payments under (a) and (b) may be made in lump sum or in weekly payments, according to the contract of insurance. Compensation for disability.-(a) In case of total disability, a weekly payment of not less than 50 per cent. of the average weekly wages during the previous 12 months, to be paid during the perfod of disability. If not employed 12 months then a weekly benefit during such shorter period as he may have been employed by the employer liable for payments. (b) In case of partial disability weekly payments equal to the difference between amount paid for total disability and the amount employé is able to earn after injury; fixed rates for loss of hand, foot or eye. Revision of benefits.-No provision. Insurance.-Insurance may be effected in approved companies, or employers employing not less than 1,500 employés may establish an insurance fund from sums contributed by themselves and employés. Security of payments.—Establishment funds must be held as trust funds and not otherwise invested. Settlement of disputes.-Disputes are settled by arbitration, if so provided in contract. MASSACHUSETTS. Date of enactment.-July 28, 1911: in effect July 1, 1912; amended May 10, 1912, February 4, 1913, April 7, 1913, April 28, 1913, and May 22, 1913. Injuries compensated.-Injuries arising out of and in the course of employment causing incapacity for two weeks, or death, unless the injury is due to the serious and wilful misconduct of the injured employé. Industries covered.-All industries If the employer so elects. Persons compensated.-Private employment: All employés, except masters of vessels and seamen engaged in Interstate or foreign commerce and casual employés. Public employment: The |