Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World: Illustrative DocumentsColumbia University Press, 18.09.2001 - 496 Seiten This collection of merchant documents is essential reading for any student of economic developments in the Middle Ages who wishes to go beyond the level of textbook summaries. Different aspects of economic life in the Mediterranean world are delineated in the light of a rich variety of articles and other contemporary writings, drawn from Muslim and Christian sources. From commercial contracts, promissory notes, and judicial acts to working manuals of practical geography and philology, this volume of documents provides an unparalleled portrait of the world of medieval commerce. |
Inhalt
INTRODUCTION | 3 |
NOTE ON COINAGE WEIGHTS AND OTHER TECHNICAL TERMS | 10 |
At the Origins of the Commercial Revolution | 17 |
COMMERCE IN THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE THE MUSLIM EAST AND THE CATHOLIC WEST | 19 |
Merchants and Commerce in Muslim Syria | 23 |
The Flow of Merchandise to the Heart of the Muslim World | 27 |
The Jewish Role in World Trade | 29 |
The Meeting of East and West in Southern Italy | 33 |
Piracy and War Booty | 222 |
Syria and Southern Germany | 224 |
Trade in Shares of the Funded Public Debt | 226 |
INFORMAL COMMERCIAL PAPERS | 229 |
Bills of Exchange | 231 |
A Notarial Letter of Payment | 232 |
A Letter of Credit | 233 |
A Promissory Note | 234 |
Traces of International Trade in Southern France | 35 |
Merchants Passports and Customs in the Lombard Hinterland | 36 |
Commercial Investments and Real Estate of a Venetian Doge | 38 |
Private Documents of Lombard Italy | 41 |
Markets Merchants Merchandise and Means of Exchange During the Commercial Revolution | 49 |
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETS | 51 |
The Permanent Market in Milan in the Tenth Century | 54 |
Trade in Lombardy Before the Rise of the Communes | 56 |
Milan in 1288 | 60 |
Florence a Masterpiece of the Commercial Revolution | 69 |
A North African City at Its Medieval Zenith | 74 |
Rural Markets and Urban Shopping Centers | 75 |
Markets and Peddlers in Underdeveloped Areas | 77 |
Mediterranean Merchants at the International Fairs | 79 |
Special Buildings for Foreign Traders | 84 |
THE GROWTH OF THE MERCHANT CLASS | 87 |
The Increasing Importance of the Itinerant Merchant | 89 |
Commercial Investments of Noblemen | 92 |
Merchants in Frontier Towns | 95 |
The Church and the Merchants | 101 |
Jews and Christians in Trade and Money Lending | 103 |
THE DIVERSIFICATION OF MERCHANDISE | 108 |
Buying and Selling Works of Art | 114 |
Slave Trade | 115 |
Trade in Foodstuffs and Its Impact on Agriculture | 116 |
Raw Materials | 119 |
Trade in Manufactured Goods | 123 |
Monopolies and Cartels | 126 |
The Flow of Merchandise to a Trading City | 130 |
Statistical Data on the Flow of Merchandise | 135 |
THE EVOLUTION OF THE MEANS OF EXCHANGE | 143 |
Spices Used to Supplement Coins | 145 |
Hard Currencies Moneys of Account and Credit Money | 147 |
Seasonal Fluctuations in the Money Market | 150 |
Weights and Measures | 152 |
Commercial Contracts and Commercial Investments | 155 |
LOANS AND THE PROBLEM OF INTEREST | 157 |
A Contract Openly Mentioning Interest | 158 |
Restitution of Interest | 159 |
Interest Driven Underground | 160 |
THE CONTRACT OF EXCHANGE AND ITS DOUBLE FUNCTION | 162 |
Contracts of Exchange or Loans in Disguise? | 164 |
An Exchange Transaction Posted in a Ledger | 165 |
Dry Exchange Contracts | 166 |
THE SEA LOAN AND THE SEA EXCHANGE | 168 |
The Straight Sea Loan | 169 |
The Mating of the Sea Loan with Exchange | 171 |
Dry Sea Exchange | 172 |
THE COMMENDA CONTRACT | 174 |
The Venetian Commenda or Collegantia | 176 |
The Genoese Commenda and Societas | 179 |
Other Examples of Commenda | 180 |
Shares of a Ship Given in Commenda | 181 |
Commenda Contracts of Humble People | 182 |
Interchangeability of Investor and Traveling Party | 183 |
PARTNERSHIPS AND OTHER CONTRACTS USED IN LAND TRADE | 185 |
The Venetian Fraterna Compagnia | 187 |
Societates Terrae Resembling Commenda Contracts | 188 |
Intermediate Forms of Partnership | 190 |
The Compagnia Contract in Tuscany | 196 |
DEPOSITORS FACTORS AND COMMISSION AGENTS | 212 |
Deposit Contracts | 214 |
Factor and Commission Contracts | 215 |
SOME OTHER FORMS OF AGREEMENT | 221 |
Orders of Payment | 235 |
The Route and the Thorns Along It | 237 |
TRANSPORTATION BY SEA | 239 |
A Bill of Lading | 245 |
Armed Escort for a Merchantman | 246 |
Freight Charge Canceled on Account of Shipwreck | 247 |
TRANSPORTATION BY LAND | 248 |
Transportation on the River Po | 249 |
Carriers and Invoice Letters | 250 |
A Case in Comparative Costs | 251 |
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSURANCE CONTRACTS | 255 |
Rent Insurance and Loan Insurance | 256 |
More Mature Forms of Insurance Contracts | 259 |
An Insurance Claim | 261 |
Insurance as a Regular Business | 263 |
COMMERCIAL LITIGATION AND SHARP BUSINESS PRACTICES | 266 |
Litigation over Transport Contracts | 267 |
Litigation over the Quality of Merchandise | 270 |
Loan Sharks at Work | 273 |
Canon Law as a Pretext for Breaking Contracts | 276 |
Protests Concerning Unpaid Debts | 278 |
A Controversy over the Accounting of a Commenda | 280 |
A Journey to Delhi and Its Legal Aftermath | 281 |
BUSINESS FAILURES AND THEIR SETTLEMENT | 290 |
Procedures for Settling Bankruptcies | 291 |
the Ruin of a Great Merchant Company | 298 |
INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES OVER TRADE | 303 |
Strains between East and West | 305 |
Seeking Justice in Cyprus | 318 |
Fruitless Good Will Efficient Bad Will | 322 |
Northern Italy Protects Foreign Merchants | 324 |
Genoa Applies Sanctions Against Persia | 325 |
LEGAL RESTRICTIONS OF TRADE | 327 |
Tools and Ideas | 339 |
MANUALS | 341 |
Practical Arithmetic | 343 |
Practical Geography | 345 |
Practical Philology | 346 |
Advice for Buyers | 348 |
Traveling to China | 355 |
THE PROGRESS OF ACCOUNTING METHODS | 359 |
Early Bookkeeping Methods | 361 |
A Final Balance Sheet | 370 |
DoubleEntry Bookkeeping | 372 |
COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE | 378 |
Notarised Letters and Informal Notes | 379 |
Letters of Instruction | 380 |
The Lures of Exploration | 382 |
Solidarity of Muslim and Christian Merchants | 384 |
Reports from the Fairs of Champagne | 388 |
The Many Troubles of a Moneylender | 394 |
News from Genoa | 400 |
News from Bruges | 403 |
MORAL STANDARDS AND PRACTICAL ADVICE | 408 |
Rules for Succeeding in Business | 410 |
Oath of the Money Changers | 418 |
Gods Credit Entry | 419 |
DowntoEarth Advice from Florence | 420 |
This above all | 424 |
WORKS CITED | 427 |
| 447 | |
| 461 | |
Andere Ausgaben - Alle anzeigen
Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World: Illustrative Documents Robert Sabatino Lopez,Irving Woodworth Raymond,Olivia Remie Constable Eingeschränkte Leseprobe - 2001 |
Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World: Illustrative Documents Robert Sabatino Lopez,Irving Woodworth Raymond Keine Leseprobe verfügbar - 1990 |
Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World: Illustrative Documents Robert Sabatino Lopez,Irving Woodworth Raymond,Olivia Remie Constable Keine Leseprobe verfügbar - 2001 |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
accomendacio aforesaid Aigues-Mortes alum amount Angiolo Archivio bales of fustian behalf bezants bibliography brazilwood Bruges Byzantine Empire capital carried century citizens cloth coins commenda Commercial Revolution compagnia contract creditors customs deniers dinars diritto Document Economic History exchange expenses fairs Florence Francesco fustian galleys Geneva Genoa Genoese Giacomo Giovanni give gold florins groat Guglielmo hyperpers indiction instrument invested Italian Item July king large bales late Latin letter loan Loredan Lucca Marco medieval Mediterranean mentioned mercery merchandise merchants Middle Ages Milan money of account Muslim Narbonnese notary paid Paolo Parisian partners payment Pegolotti penalty persons Pietro Pisa pledge podestà Porto Pisano pound pratica della mercatura profit promise R. S. Lopez received record regard Saint Sapori sell ship siècle silk silver societas sold spices storia territory Tournois Tournois groat town trade translation Venetian Venice waiving wares Witnesses written